Abstract: Techniques for multi-wire encoding with an embedded clock are disclosed. In one particular exemplary embodiment, the techniques may be realized as a transmitter component. The transmitter component may comprise at least one encoder module to generate a set of symbols, each symbol being represented by a combination of signal levels on a set of wires. The transmitter component may also comprise at least one signaling module to transmit one or more of the symbols over the set of wires according to a transmit clock. The transmitter component may additionally comprise control logic to restrict transmission of first and second subsets of the set of symbols to respective first and second portions of a clock cycle of the transmit clock, such that a signal differential among at least two of the set of wires exhibits a switching behavior that has a same frequency as the transmit clock.

Abstract: A wireless communication device for communicating in the near-field via active load modulation. The device including an antenna configured to receive a magnetic field, a recovery device configured to recover a clock from the magnetic field, and a multiplexer configured to receive the recovered clock and a reference clock, and to output one of the recovered clock and the reference clock based on a current operational state of the wireless communication device, The wireless communication device further including a shunt regulator configured to produce the active load modulation by modulating an impedance of the wireless communication device, a phase-locked loop (PLL) configured to receive one of the recovered clock and the reference clock and to utilize the received clock to control the active load modulation, and a driver configured to contribute to the active load modulation by adjusting an amplitude of a voltage across the antenna.

Abstract: A system and method for decoding quadrature signals includes a quadrature signal generator, a quadrature signal decoder, a key matrix and a driver. The quadrature signal generator generates quadrature signals on rotation. The quadrature signal decoder is configured to convert the quadrature signals into non-overlapping signals. The key matrix is configured to receive the non-overlapping signals. The driver is configured to scan the key matrix to decode the non-overlapping signals to generate an event update corresponding to a direction of rotation of the quadrature signal generator.

Abstract: Systems and methods and memory media for performing modulation type detection. An attempt is made to estimate an underlying symbol rate of a received signal. The received signal is compensated for carrier frequency offset. Two candidates for symbol timing offset are estimated from the compensated signal. The compensated signal is downsampled using each offset candidate. A set of features is computed for each of the two downsampled signals. For each downsampled signal, the set of features is compared to a corresponding set of thresholds to obtain a corresponding set of comparison results. The two sets of comparison results are used to determine the modulation type of the received signal. A second method for estimating symbol rate may be performed if the modulation type is found to be FSK.

Abstract: A communications network (20) comprises a network coding node (24) and a network decoding node (26). A method of operating a communications network (20) comprises, at the network coding node (24), performing multi-domain network coding upon a first signal and a second signal to obtain a network coded signal. The first signal is modulated by a first modulation scheme and the second signal is modulated by a second modulation scheme. At least one of the first signal and the second signal includes information in a phase domain and information in an amplitude domain. The method further comprises transmitting the network coded signal over a link to a receiver (26) and performing multi-domain network decoding of the network coded signal as detected at the receiver (26) to obtain the second signal, the receiver knowing and using the first signal for the multi-domain network decoding.

Abstract: A communications device may include In-phase (I) power amplifiers configured to generate I amplified signals, Quadrature (Q) power amplifiers configured to generate Q amplified signals, an I controller coupled to the I power amplifiers and configured to selectively enable some of the I power amplifiers, and a Q controller coupled to the Q power amplifiers and configured to selectively enable some of the Q power amplifiers. The communications device may also include a power combiner configured to combine the I amplified signals and the Q amplified signals in a combined amplified signal, and an antenna coupled to the power combiner.

Abstract: A communications device may include In-phase (I) power amplifiers configured to respectively generate I amplified signals, Quadrature (Q) power amplifiers configured to respectively generate Q amplified signals, I antennas respectively coupled to the I power amplifiers, and Q antennas respectively coupled to the Q power amplifiers. The communications device may also include an I controller coupled to the I power amplifiers and configured to selectively enable some of the I power amplifiers, and a Q controller coupled to the Q power amplifiers and configured to selectively enable some of the Q power amplifiers.

Abstract: A transmission system includes: a transmitter configured to transmit a first signal; a receiver configured to receiver a second signal from the transmitter; and a bias circuit configured to regulate a direct current bias level of an input terminal of the receiver, wherein the transmitter includes a first amplitude converter configured to convert the first signal to the second signal having a smaller amplitude than an amplitude of the first signal, wherein the receiver includes a second amplitude converter configured to convert the second signal to a third signal having a larger amplitude than the amplitude of the second signal, and wherein the first amplitude converter includes a first capacitance that restricts an amount of charge to be supplied to the receiver.

Abstract: A communications device may include an In-phase (I) power amplifier configured to generate an I amplified signal, a Quadrature (Q) power amplifier configured to generate a Q amplified signal, an I digital-to-analog converter (DAC) configured to generate an I signal, and a Q DAC configured to generate a Q signal. The communications device may also include an I power supply circuit coupled to the I power amplifier and to the I DAC and configured to cause the I power amplifier to modulate an I carrier signal into the I amplified signal based upon the I signal, a Q power supply circuit coupled to the Q power amplifier and to the Q DAC and configured to cause the Q power amplifier to modulate a Q carrier signal into the Q amplified signal based upon the Q signal, and at least one antenna coupled to the I and Q power amplifiers.

Abstract: An irrigation control device having a modulator that modulates data onto an alternating power signal by distorting amplitude of a first leading portion of selected cycles of the alternating power signal, and permit effectively a full amplitude of the alternating power signal on a following portion of the selected cycles, wherein the first leading portion and the following portion are either both on a high side of a cycle or both on a low side of a cycle of the alternating power signal. The irrigation control device further includes an interface configured to couple the modulator to a multi-wire interface coupled to a plurality of irrigation devices to permit the alternating power signal to be applied to the multi-wire interface.

Abstract: An example wireless device includes a radio receiver to measure a signal quality of a data signal independent of a direct frequency measurement, the signal quality correlated to an offset between a transmitter reference frequency and a receiver reference frequency but not indicative of a direction of the offset. The example wireless device further includes a reference frequency generator to determine from the measured signal quality that a previous adjustment to the receiver reference frequency in a first direction has worsened the signal quality, and responsive to that determination adjust the receiver reference frequency in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a bits-to-symbol mapping method of 4+12+16 amplitude phase shift keying (APSK) having excellent performance against the non-linearity of a high power amplifier. According to the present invention A bits-to-symbol mapping method of 4+12+16 APSK modulation, comprising: representing 32 symbols of the 4+12+16 APSK modulation by a polar coordinate and arranging the 32 symbols by a size of ? while giving priority to a symbol having a small signal size when the size of ? of two or more symbols are same; grouping the arranged 32 symbols into 4 groups according to quadrant regions where the symbols are located; and allocating bits so that the same bits are allocated to the symbols belonging to the same region for each region with respect to each of the first to fifth bits of the symbols grouped into four regions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for transmitting a low-frequency signal over a data transmission link using a digital high bit-rate signal including the steps of creating a modulated digital high bit-rate signal the average power of which varies according to the low-frequency signal, supplying the modulated digital high bit-rate signal to a first end of the data transmission link, receiving the modulated digital high bit-rate signal at a second end of the data transmission link or at an intermediate node of the data transmission link, and detecting the low-frequency signal by low-pass filtering the received modulated digital high bit-rate signal. According to the invention, the variation of the average power of the modulated digital high bit-rate signal is effected by a variation of the density of “high” bits according to the low-frequency signal.

Abstract: Provided are a transmitting system including a pulse amplitude modulator section that pulse amplitude modulates an input signal into a set of first and second pulse amplitude modulated signals, a first frequency signal output section that outputs a first frequency signal, a first amplitude shift keying modulator section that amplitude shift keying modulates, using the first frequency signal, the first pulse amplitude modulated signal into an amplitude shift keying modulated signal, an adder section that adds together the amplitude shift keying modulated signal and the second pulse amplitude modulated signal to generate a transmission signal, and a transmitter section that transmits the transmission signal, a transmitting method, a receiving system for receiving the signal transmitted from the transmitting system and a receiving method.

Abstract: A rail-to-rail comparator including a first comparison unit connected to a first terminal and configured to compare differential input signals to differential reference voltages; a second comparison unit connected to a second terminal and configured to compare the differential input signals to the differential reference voltages; and an output unit configured to be driven in response to a clock signal and to generate a complementary output signal according to comparison results of the first and second comparison units.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for transmitting/receiving multimedia broadcast/multicast data. The method includes the steps of: receiving a check report returned from a receiver, determining whether the check report indicates there are both basic layer and enhanced layer data errors and if yes, exchanging the last two bits of the enhanced layer and the first two bits of the basic layer and modulating the data with a second constellation map and then transmitting the data; otherwise determining whether the check report indicates there is only the basic layer error, and modulating and transmitting the data according to the result of determination. The beneficial effects of the present invention are that the retransmission efficiency can be improved and the ratio of receiving the data correctly by the users at the cell center and at the cell border during the first retransmission is improved.

Abstract: Peak power is reduced without causing degradation of EVM. A multi-carrier transmission apparatus comprises: a first amplitude suppression unit suppressing amplitude of an oversampled multi-carrier signal; a first Fourier transform unit transforming an output signal of the first amplitude suppression unit into a frequency domain; a first signal suppression unit suppressing a signal outside a band of the output signal from the first Fourier transform unit under a predetermined condition; and a first inverse Fourier transform unit receiving a multi-carrier signal with respect to a signal within the band, receiving the output signal of the first signal suppression unit with respect to a signal outside the band, and inverse Fourier transforming these received signals.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for aligning I- and Q-signals in a quadrature receiver based on an squared signal. A correction is evaluated in an iterative manner by finding an average of the squared signal. The average squared signal may be the received signal, in which case the iterations are applied in a feed forward manner. Alternatively, the average squared signal is the aligned signal in which case the iterations are applied in a feed back manner. The correction may include the evaluation of an normalization or, in the feed back case, this can be implicitly included in the manner in which the iteration is applied. Various parameters to the iteration can be set to accommodate the operating environment of the receiver and characteristics of the received signal.

Abstract: A transmission circuit (100) according to the present invention includes an RF-IC (110), an EM-IC (120), and a power amplifier (130). The EM-IC (120) includes a DC-DC converter (123), a transistor (124), a low-dropout regulator (121), and a regulator output selector switch (122). After an elapse of a predetermined time from a time when an operation mode of the transmission circuit has switched from a polar modulation mode to a quadrature modulation mode to a time when a power supply voltage for the quadrature modulation mode output from the DC-DC converter (123) stabilizes at a desired value, the regulator output selector switch (122) switches a connection destination of a gate of the transistor (124) to a fixed potential, and outputs as a control voltage the power supply voltage for the quadrature modulation mode output from the DC-DC converter (123).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating a carrier frequency signal is disclosed. The method includes generating a first frequency signal; injecting a modulation signal at a first point of the two-point modulation architecture; generating a second frequency signal from the modulation signal; introducing the second frequency signal by mixing the first frequency signal and the second frequency signal to generate a mixed frequency signal and outputting the carrier frequency signal selected from the mixed frequency signal.

Abstract: A communication device includes: demodulating means for demodulating a transmission signal from another communication device that performs noncontact communication; calculating means for performing at least one of addition and subtraction of a predetermined voltage according to a logical value of a demodulated signal obtained by demodulation by the demodulating means; determining means for determining a communication system of the transmission signal transmitted by the other communication device by comparing a calculation result of the calculating means at predetermined timing after a lapse of a predetermined time from the start of communication with a threshold voltage; and transmitting means for transmitting predetermined data to the other communication device in the communication system determined by the determining means among plural communication systems that the device itself can support.

Abstract: A square array of signal points forming a 22n-QAM signal constellation, where n=3, 4, is modified by relocating the inner most 22n/16 and outer 22n/16 constellation points to specific positions, resulting a modified-square constellation with a reduced peak to average power ratio (PAPR) at the modulator output relative to that of the square constellation while resulting in a receiver sensitivity that is degraded by less than the decrease in the modulator's PAPR and hence less than the possible improvement at the transmitter in average transmitted power.

Abstract: A method and a device for controlling the level of a pulsed high-frequency signal amplify or respectively attenuate an un-pulsed high-frequency signal with an amplification or attenuation element adjustable with regard to its amplification or attenuation factor. A pulsed high-frequency signal is generated by a pulse modulator controlled by a pulse signal from the un-pulsed high-frequency signal. At the output of the pulse modulator, a signal level of the pulsed high-frequency signal is measured by a high-frequency detector. The amplification or attenuation factor of the amplification or attenuation element is adjusted with a level controller controlled by the measured signal level. To control the level controller, the measured signal level of the pulsed high-frequency signal is linked to the measured signal level of the pulse signal.

Abstract: When an operating unit is operated to designate an arbitrary width W and an arbitrary angle ?, a mask region limiting unit limits the effective range of a reference mask set for compliance measurement of the data signal to be evaluated by a reference mask setting unit to the range determined by the designated width and angle and displays the limited effective range on a display unit. When the mask region limiting unit limits the effective range of the reference mask, a quality evaluating unit performs compliance measurement and quality evaluation for the limited effective range in operative association with the limitation of the effective range.

Abstract: A differential radio frequency signal transmitter is provided. The differential radio frequency signal transmitter includes an oscillator, a modulator and an amplifier module. The oscillator generates a pair of differential oscillation signals. The modulator generates a pair of differential modulated signals according to an input signal and the pair of differential oscillation signals. The input signal is a digital signal. When the input signal is at a first state, the modulator outputs the pair of differential oscillation signals as the pair of differential modulated signals, and when the input signal is at a second state, the modulator outputs a constant voltage signal as the pair of differential modulated signals. The amplifier module receives and amplifies the pair of differential modulated signals and generates a pair of differential radio frequency signals, accordingly.

Abstract: A communication system that uses keyed modulation to encode fixed frequency communications on a variable frequency power transmission signal in which a single communication bit is represented by a plurality of modulations. To provide a fixed communication rate, the number of modulations associated with each bit is dynamic varying as a function of the ratio of the communication frequency to the carrier signal frequency. In one embodiment, the present invention provides dynamic phase-shift-keyed modulation in which communications are generated by toggling a load at a rate that is a fraction of the power transfer frequency. In another embodiment, the present invention provides communication by toggling a load in the communication transmitter at a rate that is phase locked and at a harmonic of the power transfer frequency. In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides frequency-shift-keyed modulation, including, for example, modulation at one of two different frequencies.

Abstract: A system and method for transmit signal pulse shaping in automotive applications. Automotive vehicle manufacturers that incorporate electronic components into an automotive vehicle must consider emission requirements masks that can be dependent on particular geographic markets as well as the other electronic components contained within a particular automotive vehicle design. A physical layer device is provided that can be configured to operate in multiple emissions configurations using configurable parameters specified for the modulation and wave shaping modules.

Abstract: A first header-attaching unit attaches to data of a low speed bit rate A, a header of the bit rate A. A second header-attaching unit attaches the header of the bit rate A to data of a high speed bit rate B. A combining unit combines outputs of the first and the second header-attaching units. A low speed scrambling unit performs a scrambling process on combined data by using a clock corresponding to the bit rate A. A high speed scrambling unit performs a scrambling process on the data of the bit rate B by using a clock corresponding to the bit rate B. During a timing corresponding to the bit rate A in the frame, a selector selects an output of the low speed scrambling unit. During a timing corresponding to the bit rate B in the frame, the selector selects an output of the high speed scrambling unit.

Abstract: Improvement of transmission efficiency is sought by stopping transmission of unnecessary MLI data. A transmitting circuit 111 in a base station apparatus 110 has an MLI modulation part 248 composed of an MLI generating circuit 238, a symbol modulation circuit 239, and an IFFT circuit 240, a user data modulation part 249 composed of an encoder circuit 234, a symbol modulation circuit 235, a transmission power control circuit 236, and an IFFT circuit 237, and a transmission operation control circuit 113. The transmission operation control circuit 113 controls operation timing of the MLI modulation part 248, the user datamodulationpart 249, and a multiplexer 243 based on a signal to notify that ACK input from a receiving circuit 112 has been received so that slots containing no MLI data are generated.

Abstract: In particular embodiments, an error correction during the transmission of the data word is made possible through the change of the modulation state at pre-defined time points.

Abstract: A technique for estimating the Doppler frequency of an input signal comprising a pilot signal. In one embodiment, the technique comprises: (a) accumulating a plurality of samples from the input signal over a specified time duration to derive a channel tap estimate; (b) obtaining a sequence of channel tap estimates by repeating step (a) until a specified number of channel tap estimates have been accumulated; (c) performing a Fourier transform of the sequence of channel tap estimates to obtain a complex sequence of values; (d) finding the smallest index value for which a power spectral distribution function of the complex sequence of values exceeds a specified threshold; and (e) obtaining an estimate of the Doppler frequency by dividing the smallest index value found in step (d) by the product of the specified number of channel tap estimates and the specified time duration.

Abstract: A constant-amplitude and continuous-phase modulation method for modulating digital data and for demodulating said modulated signal, said data taking the form of symbols a(n) that can take a number M of states at least equal to 2, the method including, in transmission, use of a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) for which the control is the sum of pulses he(a(n), t?n T), the form and the amplitude of which depends on the value of a(n); and, in reception, use of a single impulse response filter C0(t) regardless of the value of M in transmission, said functions he and C0 having a number of parameters that are optimized in the design of the system in order to obtain at the output of the filter C0 a constellation that is as close as possible to the theoretical constellation.

Abstract: An adaptive differential pulse-code modulation-demodulation system and method thereof is provided. The method includes steps of modulating an analog audio input signal into a data packet, including a plurality of digital data through adaptive differential pulse-code modulation, an initial value and a scale factor associated with the digital data, to be sent to the communication network, and demodulating the data packet according to the digital data, the initial value and the scale factor, thereby reconstructing the data packet to an analog audio output signal.

Abstract: A nonlinear filter includes: a determination unit that determines, based on I and Q signals inputted into the determination unit, whether or not to perform pulse insertion; a rotation detector that detects a rotation direction of the I and Q signals on an IQ plane with respect to the origin of the IQ plane; a pulse generator that generates, when the determination unit determines to perform the pulse insertion, a pulse of which at least one of the direction and the magnitude is determined in accordance with at least the detected rotation direction; and an adder that inserts the pulse into the I and Q signals and outputs resultant I and Q signals.

Abstract: Compact pulse shape partial response (CPS PR) signaling is developed for trellis based signals like QM-MSK, and for PAM/QAM type signals to improve the performance to bandwidth tradeoff. Compact pulse shaped signals are partial response signals that employ a very short pulse shaping filter and use Viterbi decoding to optimally detect the CPS signal in presence of its inherent inter-symbol interference. The CPS filters considered herein have much shorter impulse response than the well-known raised cosine (RC) filter. There is no need to equalize the received signal to eliminate ISI or to allow a fixed amount of ISI between received signal samples as sampled at the symbol rate as is common in partial response maximum likelihood (PRML) systems. Numerical results indicate that CPS QM-MSK and CPS QAM provides between several dB of gain, depending on constellation size, over PR-CPM and RC QAM, when compared at a given value of bandwidth, i.e., B99Tb.

Abstract: An amplitude modulated pulse transmitter designed to operate across a multi MHz range of modulation frequencies. A wire wound rare earth magnet is to be utilized instead of the typical modulation transformer. Additionally, a plurality of electrolytic capacitors are also employed in the transmitter.

Abstract: An irrigation control device having a modulator that modulates data onto an alternating power signal by distorting amplitude of a first leading portion of selected cycles of the alternating power signal, and permit effectively a full amplitude of the alternating power signal on a following portion of the selected cycles, wherein the first leading portion and the following portion are either both on a high side of a cycle or both on a low side of a cycle of the alternating power signal. The irrigation control device further includes an interface configured to couple the modulator to a multi-wire interface coupled to a plurality of irrigation devices to permit the alternating power signal to be applied to the multi-wire interface.

Abstract: A transmission method executed in a multiple input multiple output wireless communication system may include the following steps: receiving a transmitting bit sequence; providing an X level pulse amplitude modulation (X-PAM) signal set, wherein distances between any two adjacent signal points in the X-PAM are the same; generating M signal sets according to the X-PAM signal set, wherein the ith signal set is formed by multiplying the X-PAM signal set with a parameter (1/X)(i?1), wherein i is an integer from 1 to M, and generating a X-PAM signal set joint coding/decoding table according a superposition result of the M signal sets; generating M transmitting bit sub-sequences according to the transmitting bit sequence; generating M transmitting signals according to the M transmitting bit sub-sequences and the X-PAM signal set joint coding/decoding table; transmitting the M transmitting signals to a wireless transmission channel via M transmitting antennae.

Abstract: Device (D) for communicating between a mobile element and a fixed element, includes: an electromagnetic field-based reader (L) including a transmitter with a transmitting antenna and a receiver with a first antenna placed in a housing (1), and a beacon (B) including a receiver able to receive a signal originating from the transmitter of the reader (L) so as to provide energy to a transmitter able to dispatch a signal received by the receiver of the reader (L), the receiver of the reader (L) including at least one second antenna and signal comparison elements able to compare the signal received by the first antenna of the receiver with the signal received by the second antenna so as to determine the moment at which the reader (L) passes vertically in line with the beacon (B).

Abstract: A coding unit for determining two different types of modulation to be applied to two carrier signals such that each modulated carrier signal represents a data symbol in accordance with a group of modulation points, each modulation point representing a modulation of the first type and a modulation of the second type that can be applied to one of the carrier signals, the coding unit being arranged to associate the data symbol with a first one of the modulation points by applying a first mapping function to that data symbol and associate the data symbol with a second one of the modulation points by applying a second mapping function to that data symbol, the first and second mapping functions being such that they each map two different data symbols to a respective common modulation point; and determine the modulation of the first and second types to be applied to the first carrier signal to be the modulation of the first and second types represented by the first modulation point and the modulation of the first an

Abstract: The present invention relates to the area of wireless communication, and especially to a method and an arrangement for transmission output power control in a cellular telecommunications network. An improved transmission output power control is achieved by adapting a pre-defined power mask to a signal transmission characteristic of the signal transmission and applying the adapted power mask to a sub-frame or an OFDM symbol. The present invention could be implemented in a network node such as an eNodeB or in a user equipment.

Abstract: A communication system comprises a transmitter unit (10, 60) arranged to be carried by or located near a user, and an earpiece including a receiver unit (30, 70), the system operating with a carrier frequency of less than 100 kHz, preferably less than 30 kHz, most preferably in the range 14 to 20 kHz. The system employs vestigial sideband modulation by cutting off part of an upper sideband. The received signal is digitized and then sampled to an envelope-tracking sampled-data root-filter square detector (40) configured as a digital signal processor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a transmitting apparatus (82) for transmitting signals in a multi carrier system on the basis of a frame structure, each frame comprising at least one signalling pattern and one or more data patterns, said transmitting apparatus (82) comprising frame forming means (59) adapted to arrange first signalling data in said at least one signalling pattern in a frame, and adapted to arrange data in said one or more data patterns in a frame, whereby the data of said one or more data patterns are arranged in data frames, each data frame comprising second signalling data and content data, transforming means (60) adapted to transform said at least one signalling pattern and said one or more data patterns from the frequency domain into the time domain in order to generate a time domain transmission signal, and transmitting means (61) adapted to transmit said time domain transmission signal.

Abstract: Communication systems are described that use signal constellations, which have unequally spaced (i.e. ‘geometrically’ shaped) points. In many embodiments, the communication systems use specific geometric constellations that are capacity optimized at a specific SNR, over the Raleigh fading channel. In addition, ranges within which the constellation points of a capacity optimized constellation can be perturbed and are still likely to achieve a given percentage of the optimal capacity increase compared to a constellation that maximizes dmin, are also described. Capacity measures that are used in the selection of the location of constellation points include, but are not limited to, parallel decode (PD) capacity and joint capacity.

Abstract: An output control unit outputs data of bit rate A to a first header-attaching unit and data of bit rate B to a second header-attaching unit. An instructing unit instructs the first or the second header-attaching unit to attach a header of bit rate being the least bit rate to the data of bit rate A or B. The first header-attaching unit creates a header of bit rate A, including an ID of a destination ONU of the data of bit rate A and information concerning the data length, and attaches the header of bit rate A to the data of bit rate A. The second header-attaching unit creates a header of bit rate A, including an ID of the destination ONU of the data of bit rate B and information concerning the data length, and attaches the header of bit rate A to the data of bit rate B.

Abstract: A method of transmitting symbols of a digital transmission constellation from a set thereof, ordered from a smallest to a greatest number of bits per symbol, may include identifying a first constellation from the set that is configured to communicate with a threshold error rate and has a greatest signal-to-noise ratio smaller than a signal-to-noise ratio of a received signal. The method may also include identifying a second constellation from the set that corresponds to a constellation with a number of bits per symbol immediately greater than the first constellation. The method may further include determining first and second probabilities of use of the first and second constellations that would generate an expected number of erroneous bits corresponding to the threshold error rate. The method may further include transmitting a symbol with a constellation selected randomly between the first and second constellations according to the first and second probabilities, respectively.

Abstract: The present invention relates to estimating a direct current (DC) offset of a radio frequency (RF) receiver when an estimated amplitude of a continuous-transmission amplitude-modulated (AM) RF signal is below a first threshold and when the RF receiver is not receiving an RF input signal. The estimated DC offset of the RF receiver may be used to improve RF receiver performance, particularly over temperature and supply voltage variations. Estimating the DC offset of the RF receiver when the estimated instantaneous amplitude of the continuous-transmission AM RF signal is below the first threshold may minimize errors in the estimated DC offset.

Abstract: A system, method and node for modulation and coding scheme adjustment for a Long Term Evolution (LTE) shared Data Channel. The method determines an actual number of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, NOS utilized for the shared Data Channel. A modulation order for transmission of data on the shared Data Channel is increased when the actual number of OFDM symbols NOS is less than 11 and decreased when NOS is more than 11. A modulation and coding scheme field (IMCS) of a downlink control information of the shared Data Channel may also be determined. If 0?IMCS+11?NOS?28, the modulation order is modified by utilizing a factor of (IMCS+11?NOS) in a standardized modulation scheme. If it is determined that IMCS+11?NOS<0, the modulation order is set to Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK). If it is determined that IMCS+11?NOS>28, the modulation order is set to 64 Quadtrative Amplitude Modulation (64QAM).

Abstract: There is an apparatus and technique for generating a sequence of modulated waveforms of finite duration in which the difference in start time of each waveform is shorter than the waveform's overall duration and each waveform in the sequence has independent data modulation imparted upon it. The apparatus consists of a bank of memory cells arranged in an N×M configuration with associated control circuitry, along with an arrangement scheme for the data in the N×M memory cells such that the waveforms will be correctly reproduced when the memory cells are addressed by the control circuitry in the prescribed order.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for utilizing code division multiple access in modulated reflectance transmissions comprises the steps of generating a phase-modulated reflectance data bit stream; modifying the modulated reflectance data bit stream; providing the modified modulated reflectance data bit stream to a switch that connects an antenna to an infinite impedance in the event a “+1” is to be sent, or connects the antenna to ground in the event a “0” or a “?1” is to be sent.