Abstract: A method for obtaining free thermal antineutrons within the cage-like structure of a fullerene molecule comprising irradiating the fullerene molecule with free neutrons causing free neutrons to be trapped within the fullerene molecule wherein the trapped neutron oscillates between the neutron and antineutron states. A method for producing antiprotons comprising irradiating a fullerene molecule with free neutrons and trapping the neutrons within the fullerene molecule such that the neutrons oscillate between neutron and antineutron states and in the antineutron state decay and produce antiprotons. A method for producing antiprotonic x-ray cascade spectra.

Abstract: A device is provided that can capture and store electrically neutral excited species of antimatter or exotic matter (a mixture of antimatter and ordinary matter), in particular, excited positronium (Ps*). The antimatter trap comprises a three-dimensional or two-dimensional photonic bandgap (PBG) structure containing at least one cavity therein. The species are stored in the cavity or in an array of cavities. The PBG structure blocks premature annihilation of the excited species by preventing decays to the ground state and by blocking the pickoff process. A Bose-Einstein Condensate form of Ps* can be used to increase the storage density. The long lifetime and high storage density achievable in this device offer utility in several fields, including medicine, materials testing, rocket motors, high power/high energy density storage, gamma-ray lasers, and as an ignition device for initiating nuclear fusion reactions in power plant reactors or hybrid rocket propulsion systems.

Abstract: According to the invention, anti-matter can be stored in a spherical shell container (10) and is introduced into or extracted from the latter by being loaded in an attached piece (42) adjoining an.opening in the container from the exterior of the sphere into its interior, and this always taking place without touching the container wall and attached piece, which consist of matter. In accordance with a particularly preferred exemplary embodiment; spherical shell segments (18) generate in the interior of the sphere an electrostatic field which keeps electrically charged anti-matter in a stable position in a fashion centered about the center of the sphere of the storage system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the production of antihydrogen, comprising the steps of: (i) exciting alkali atoms to a Rydberg state; (ii) charge-exchanging the excited alkali atoms with positrons to produce Rydberg-state positronium; and (iii) charge exchanging the Rydberg-state positronium with antiprotons to produce Rydberg-state antihydrogen. Preferably, the Rydberg-state antihydrogen is permitted to decay to ground-state antihydrogen which can be trapped in a magnetic trap.

Abstract: Neutrinos and antineutrinos are generated by electromagnetic excitation of elementary subatomic particle magnetic moments in a DC magnetic field and causing the orientation energy of magnetic moments resulting from such excitation to be converted into the neutrinos and/or antineutrinos. A beam of neutrinos and antineutrinos is derived by enclosing a neutrino antineutrino source with neutrino scattering crystals having an aperture therein. Neutrinos and/or antineutrinos are amplitude modulated by varying the amplitude of electromagnetic excitation of the elementary particle magnetic moments, or the DC field or momentum mechanically imparted to a stiff crystal including the subatomic particles.

Abstract: A cluster ion synthesis process utilizing a containerless environment to grow in a succession of steps cluster ions of large mass and well defined distribution. The cluster ion growth proceeds in a continuous manner in a plurality of growth chambers which have virtually unlimited storage times and capacities.

Abstract: An apparatus for increasing the collisions of nuclear particles in a "migma" type device. This device employs ring magnets to reflect ions of energies coming from the ring axis back to the ring axis on orbits that precess around the axis. In this manner collisions can be made to occur at rates which are high enough to yield useful quantities of energy or other desired products.

Abstract: Neutrinos are detected by allowing them to scatter on nuclei contained in a detector and by detecting the recoil of the nuclei. Because the probability of a neutrino being scattered is very low the probability is very high that a neutrino will only cause recoil of a single nucleus. On the other hand background radiation is likely to cause the recoil of a large number of electrons and/or nuclei so that neutrino scattering can be detected by distinguishing between the recoil of a single nucleus and the simultaneous recoil of a plurality of electrons/nuclei. In one form of the detector the nuclei are present as minute superconducting metal grains which are held in the superconducting state. At low temperatures the grains have a very low specific heat and the scattering of a neutrino will cause a single grain to heat up and change from the superconducting to the normal conducting state.

Abstract: A process for producing antihydrogen includes providing low energy antiprotons and positronium atoms within an interaction volume. Thermalized positrons are derived by moderating high energy positrons obtained from a high energy source, such as .sup.22 Na. The thermalized positrons are directed by electrostatic lenses to a positronium converter, positioned adjacent a low energy (less than about 50 KeV) circulating antiproton beam confined within an ion trap. Collisions between antiprotons and ortho-positronium atoms generate antihydrogen, a stable antimatter species, with substantial probability.

Abstract: A beam of neutrino or antineutrino particles is detected with a crystal containing coherent elastic scatterers for the particles. The elastic scatterers respond to the particles of the beam incident thereon by transferring momentum from the particles to mechanical momentum in the crystal. The mechanical momentum transferred to the crystal by the momentum of the particles is detected by a torsion balance carrying the crystal or a transducer on a tuning fork carrying the crystal. The beam incident on the crystal carried by the tuning fork is amplitude modulated by a chopper including several scatterers for the particles in the path of the beam.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for enhancing the brightness of both continuous and pulsed positron beams. By subjecting positrons to non-conservative forces in an interaction region, typically by means of a positron moderator such as a single crystal Cu(111)+S moderator, it is possible to circumvent the limitation, expressed in Liouville's theorem, of the optimally achievable brightness of a beam. The inventive method can be applied in successive stages involving accelerating and focusing a moderated positron beam, and moderating the energetic positrons to thermal energies, resulting typically in an increase in brightness by a factor of about 100 per stage, with an attendant reduction of flux by about factors of ten or less.

Abstract: A method for efficiently generating thermal positions from a source of energetic positrons, consisting of a method for increasing the emission efficiency of the positron source, and a method for increasing the efficiency of a positron moderator. In an advantageous case the combined improvements lead to an about ten-fold increase in generated thermal positrons. The method for improving the source efficiency consists in reducing the self-absorption of positrons, typically emitted from radioactive atoms incorporated into a substrate by means of diffusion, by the source. This is accomplished by providing for a backing layer having a relatively small diffusion constant for the radioactive species, and a thin diffusion layer having a relatively large such diffusion constant, with the diffusion layer deposited onto the backing layer.