Abstract: Apparatus and method for generating successive video images of a moving bone of a subject. A fluoroscope generates a fluoroscopic image of the moving bone. A video camera detects the fluoroscopic image and converts the detected image into successive video images. A recorder records the successive video images. A monitor displays the recorded successive video images as the images are being generated. The monitor is located adjacent the fluoroscope for viewing by an operator thereby permitting the operator to observe and/or position the bone in response to images displayed on the monitor. A crisscrossed grid is located adjacent the image intensifier of the fluoroscope between the bone and the image intensifier. A CPU compares the successive video images to a reference representation corresponding to a desired or previous movement or pattern of movement of the bone with respect to a second, immobilized bone and any resulting flexure of a joint between the bone and the second, immobilized bone.

Abstract: A collimator for a scintillator, having a number of through holes formed side by side, each for guiding and passing radiation from one end thereof to an other end and focusing the radiation at a predetermined position, including a frame made of a radiation shielding material, and defining a radiation transparent field of view, and a septa section provided in a lattice form in the field of view so as to define the through holes. The septa section includes a plurality of first partition plates arranged at substantially equal intervals and a plurality of second partition plates crossing the first partition plates in a lattice form. The first and second partition plates are made of a material, preferably tungsten or lead alloy, that sheilds the radiation. A plurality of focused slits are formed in at least either the first or second partition plates with the other partition plates being fitted in the slits.

Abstract: There is disclosed an assembly for slit radiography with image equalization, comprising an X-ray source which can scan a body for examination via a slit of a slit diaphragm with a flat, fan-shaped X-ray beam over a scanning path in a direction transverse to the lengthwise direction of the slit for forming an X-ray shadowgraph on an X-ray detector; an absorption device which under the control of control signals can influence the fan-shaped X-ray beam per sector thereof, in order to permit control of the X-ray radiation falling in each sector on the body to be examined; and detection assembly which is designed to detect the quantity of X-ray radiation transmitted by the body instantaneously per sector during a scanning movement of the X-ray beam and to convert it into corresponding signals.

Abstract: In X-ray photography by an X-ray equipment, grid images based on only a grid are acquired by a grid image generating circuit under various photograph conditions, and are stored in image memories. A subject image based on a subject to be examined is acquired under a predetermined photograph condition. A grid image which is acquired under the same photograph condition as that of the subject image or under a condition similar thereto is read out from a corresponding image memory. The subject image and the readout grid image are regulated by gain regulators to have the same gain. The subject image is then divided by the grid image in the divider. As a result, the subject image without the grid image can be obtained.

Abstract: A device of x-ray intensifying and anti-diffusion screens, for intra-oral dental radiographic plates of the kind employing a hermetic chassis cassette with a front and a back protective plate and having at least one intensifying plate emulsified with "rare earths", preferably gadolinium or lanthanum salts, related to one of the faces of the radio-graphic film to which it is faced. There is also an anti-diffusion plate made of metallic threads of predetermined thickness arranged in horizontal and vertical rows. This anti-diffusion plate is interposed between the object to by x-rayed and the intensifying screen and radiographic film, presenting between the anti-diffusion reticulated plate and the front intensifying screen, a separating plate of compressible material, and between the back protective plate and the back intensifying plate and/or the radiographic film, a plate of non-radiographic material, preferably lead.

Abstract: An x-ray film cassette is disclosed having a pair of covers at least one of which is resilient and prestressed to arch inwardly when the cassette is opened and to flatten from contact with the interior contents of the cassette when the cassette is pressed closed. A flexible x-ray grid is bonded to the interior of the cover to arch and flatten congruently with the cover. The grid is flexible enough to arch and flatten congruently with the resilient cover which protects the structural integrity of the grid by limiting flexing of the grid to predetermined limits defined by the degree of prestress of the cover.

Abstract: A dynamic focusing device is provided for an X-ray scanner, the device comprising at least one detector module located in a position to receive, be illuminated by, and respond to X-rays. A source of X-rays is movable toward or away from the detector module. The module comprising a plurality of crystals each having a scintillation surface located in a common plane, with a plurality of septa separating the crystals. The septa have a height which is upstanding above the surfaces of the crystals far enough to reduce lateral X-ray scatter and to cast a shadow upon the surfaces of the crystals responsive to an illumination thereof from said X-ray source. The invention dynamically positions the detector module relative to the distance between the detector module and the source of X-rays in order to reduce substantially to a minimum any shadow in the X-rays cast by the septa upon the surfaces of the crystals.

Abstract: In apparatus for radiographic diagnostics an X-ray beam attenuated by an object to be examined is converted into a light image by means of an X-ray image intensifier tube. Inter alia as a result of the geometry of the X-ray beam and of the input screen of the X-ray image intensifier tube the intensity of the image decreases towards the edge (vignetting). By arranging a stray radiation grid, for example, in the form of a perforated plate of X-ray-absorbing material, for example, lead or tungsten, in the path of radiation between the X-ray source and the X-ray image intensifier tube, vignetting can be reduced by an adapted variation of the local transmission of the stray radiation grid.

Abstract: A method of making a grid for x-ray radiography including the steps of forming grid patterns of x-ray opaque material on a plurality of sheets of x-ray transparent material, aligning the sheets in a stack, and bonding the sheets together to form a lightweight stacked grid.

Abstract: A gating and target device for an x-ray examination apparatus has a secondary radiation diaphragm and an x-ray film cassette, the secondary radiation diaphragm having two diaphragm plates disposed in parallel planes, and moveable relative to each other so that the diaphragm plates can be adjusted to at least partially overlap. Each of the diaphragm plates has a diaphragm opening therein, with the remainder of the plate being impermeable to x-radiation, so that by adjusting the relative positions of the plates, an opening of selected size may be formed by either one of said diaphragm plates at least partially covering the opening of the other diaphragm plate. To minimize the thickness of the device, and thus to minimize the distance between the target x-ray film and an examination subject, one of the diaphragm plates has a scattered ray grid structurally integrated within the opening of that plate.

Abstract: A spot film device suitable for use with the radiographic system and having a device for carrying and oscillating a grid which serves to absorb X-rays scattered from an object to be radiographed. Rotation force generated by a motor is used not only to move the grid between radiographic and parking positions but also to oscillate the grid. This enables the grid carrier system to be made comparatively simple in construction. In addition, the grid is oscillated over a certain range by the rotation force transmitted from the motor, so that comparatively high reliability can be guaranteed in oscillating the grid.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for use in conjunction with an X-ray apparatus, for filtering scattered irradiation and enhancing recordation of unscattered irradiation transmitted through a subject exposed to an X-ray analysis beam. The apparatus includes a grid mechanism including filtration strips which filter scattered irradiation and obstruct unscattered irradiation from detection, a mechanism for recording an analog image of the subject from the detector, a mechanism for converting the analog image to an equivalent digital image, and a mechanism for reconstructing the image as if the unscattered irradiation absorbed by the grid were not obstructed from detection.

Abstract: A radiation image recording and read-out apparatus comprises a recording and read-out unit provided with a case which houses a stimulable phosphor sheet and having a size nearly equal to the size of a single image recording area on the stimulable phosphor sheet, an image recording section for recording a radiation image on the stimulable phosphor sheet, an image read-out section for reading out the radiation image from the stimulable phosphor sheet, and an erasing section. The apparatus also comprises a grid device provided with a grid having a size nearly equal to the size of the case, and a unit movement system for moving the recording and read-out unit so that the recording and read-out unit takes a first image recording position at which the image recording section faces the grid device, and a second image recording position at which the image recording section deviates from the position facing the grid device.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging system has an X-ray source, an X-ray image detection section, an X-ray mask member, a drive unit, a memory, a calculating section, and an image output unit. An X-ray image is detected by the X-ray image detection section. The X-ray mask member has X-ray shielding regions, distributed in a predetermined pattern, which locally shield the X-ray. The mask member is driven by the drive unit so that it is inserted in or removed from an X-ray radiation field between the X-ray image detection section and the X-ray source, and is sequentially displaced to predetermined positions in the radiation field. The calculating section calculates scattered X-ray intensity distribution data based on a plurality of transmission X-ray data obtained by irradiating an object with X-rays with the mask member located at different positions in the radiation field, and transmission X-ray data obtained by irradiating the object with X-rays with the mask member located outside this field.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for use in conjunction with an X-ray apparatus, for filtering scattered irradiation and enhancing recordation of unscattered irradiation transmitted through a subject exposed to an X-ray analysis beam. The apparatus includes a grid mechanism including filtration strips which filter scattered irradiation and obstruct unscattered irradiation from detection, a mechanism for recording an analog image of the subject from the detector, a mechanism for converting the analog image to an equivalent digital image, and a mechanism for reconstructing the image as if the unscattered irradiation absorbed by the grid were not obstructed from detection.

Abstract: A pivot motor drive for actuating a grid to move over the X-ray film in the Bucky during an X-ray exposure, comprising (a) an electromagnet, (b) a pivoting beam mounted thereon and acting directly on the grid and said beam displacing said grid in the presence of the magnetic field, and (c) a progressive spring acting on said grid and causing said grid and said beam to return to the original position in the absence of the magnetic field.

Abstract: An x-ray diagnostics installation for radiographs has a secondary radiation grid disposed in front of a holder for x-ray film. The secondary radiation grid is moveable during an exposure. Control circuitry controls the speed of movement of the secondary radiation grid dependent on the anticipated exposure time, such that imaging of the lamellae of the secondary radiation grid on the x-ray film is reliably prevented for all exposure times.

Abstract: An attachment for a scintillation camera to enable the camera to be used for measurement of bone mineral mass includes a grid holder adapted to be attached to the camera, a grid mounted on the grid holder and adapted to lie directly in front of the camera when the grid holder is attached to the camera, and an arm attached at one end to the grid holder and, at the other end, including a source holder. The source holder is entirely closed except that it defines an aperture directed toward the grid. The source holder is at least 50 cm from the grid, and the grid is focussed on the source holder.

Abstract: A focussable anti-scatter grid system comprising a plurality of X-ray photon absorptive strips mounted in spaced serial array to front and rear support plate mechanisms; the front and rear support plate mechanisms being slidably mounted to each other from front to back and fixedly mounted to each other from side to side; the rear ends of the strips being rotatably mounted to the rear support mechanism in fixedly spaced rear mounting slots; the front ends of the strips being slidably mounted to the front support plate mechanism in variably spaced front mounting slots, each front mounting slot focussing the longitudinal axis of a correspondingly mounted strip at a common focus, the focal length of the focus varying with the displacements of the front ends of the strips within the front mounting slots; a master guide slot mounted in one of the front or rear plate mechanisms and a bearing connected to the other of the front or rear plate mechanisms, the bearing being slidably engaged within the master guide slot

Abstract: A grid moving apparatus for X-ray radiographing comprises a grid for eliminating a scattered X-ray beam, said grid having X-ray transmitting regions and X-ray non-transmitting regions alternately arranged, swinging mechanism for swinging said grid at a radiographing position, and escape mechanism for removing said grid from the radiographing position to a non-radiographing position. The apparatus further comprises engaging mechanism for detachably engaging said swinging mechanism and said grid, in which said grid and said swinging mechanism are engaged with each other to swing the grid, and said grid is disengaged from said swinging mechanism to be removed.

Abstract: A method of manufacture of an anti-scatter grod structure for protectively housing a grid therein, the steps of cutting a solid upper and lower plates to a given size lightly larger than the cassette to be housed by the grid structure, forming a generally U-shaped frame structure with interior vertically spaced ledges with an upper ledge being sized for supporting the lower plate and with a lower ledge being vertically spaced therefrom and sized for under lapping the lower plate and supporting a cassette in assembly with the frame, securing the lower plate in assembly with the frame while engaged with the upper ledge, mounting a grid in centered relation on the lower plate and limiting the extent of shifting movement of the grid relative to the lower plate, positioning a solid upper plate over the grid in parallel relation to the lower plate, and securing the solid upper plate to the U-shaped frame structure in unitary assembly.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging system has an X-ray source, an X-ray image detection section, an X-ray mask member, a drive unit, a memory, a calculating section, and an image output unit. An X-ray image is detected by the X-ray image detection section. The X-ray mask member has X-ray shielding regions, distributed in a predetermined pattern, which locally shield the X-ray. The mask member is driven by the drive unit so that it is inserted in or removed from an X-ray radiation field between the X-ray image detection section and the X-ray source, and is sequentially displaced to predetermined positions in the radiation field. The calculating section calculates scattered X-ray intensity distribution data based on a plurality of transmission X-ray data obtained by irradiating an object with X-rays with the mask member located at different positions in the radiation field, and transmission X-ray data obtained by irradiating the object with X-rays with the mask member located outside this field.

Abstract: An X-ray diagnostics installation has an X-ray tube for directing an X-ray beam at an examination subject disposed within the beam path on a support plate, the support plate having a secondary radiation grid on one side thereof, and having a receptacle therein for an X-ray film cassette. The support plate is mounted so as to be rotatable about an axis which is perpendicular to a central ray of the X-ray beam such that the secondary radiation grid can be optionally disposed in front of or behind the X-ray film cassette as viewed in the radiation direction, while the film focus distance remains the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to a scatter grid drive for oscillating a scatter grid back and forth during an exposure. The reversal point, at which the direction of movement of grid is reversed, is passed so quickly that there is little risk of imaging the grid in the radiograph.

Abstract: High resolution in an X-ray computerized tomography (CT) inspection system is achieved by using a collimator/detector combination to limit the beam width of the X-ray beam incident on a detector element to the desired resolution width. In a detector such as a high pressure Xenon detector array, a narrow tapered collimator is provided above a wide detector element. The collimator slits have any desired width, as small as a few mils at the top, the slit width is easily controlled, and they are fabricated on standard machines. The slit length determines the slice thickness of the CT image.

Abstract: A radiographic installation for an x-ray examination apparatus has two antiscatter grids disposed in different planes at different distances from the focus of the radiation source and are alternately movable by a motor connected thereto through a drive train from a standby position outside of the radiation field into a position within the radiation field. The grids are maintained in the standby position by a permanently-acting bias force and are moved into the radiation field by the motor in opposition to this force. The drive train includes a belt having two cams disposed at the opposite ends thereof respectively associated with the antiscatter grids for limiting the movement thereof to define selected positions for the grids.

Abstract: A modular solid state x-radiation detector. A detector array is made up of a plurality of collimator plates having pockets formed in the planar surfaces thereof to carry scintillator bars, and dimensioned so that the edges of the scintillators are shielded by the pockets, yielding several advantages. Wider scintillator bars are thus possible, increasing quantum detection efficiency while guarding against energy dependent punch through at the edges of the scintillator, thereby to enhance spectral linearity. The arrangement also prevents x-rays from bypassing the scintillator, thus protecting the adhesive which bonds the scintillator to the plate and the photodiodes mounted behind the scintillator. A further benefit is an increase in optical transfer of light to the rear of the scintillator where the diode is mounted since there is a less severe aspect ratio of depth to width, reducing the number of reflections encountered by light travelling to the photodiode.

Abstract: A grid type substrate is constructed to support an X-ray sensitive material at one side of an electrophoretic display device. The grid structure may be X-ray absorbent material supported between X-ray transparent supports. Various arrangements of the X-ray absorbent grid may be provided.

Abstract: A semiconductor radiation sensor arrangement for an automatic X-ray exposure control apparatus disposed in front of an X-ray film to be exposed to X-rays. A semiconductor radiation sensor is set in a mount. The mount is bored with a tapering penetrating hole and securely engaged with a hole penetrating a substrate. The peripheral walls of the mount and that of the penetrating hole of the substrate are tapered in cross section in the similar form. The semiconductor radiation sensor is fixed in the penetrating hole of the mount and has a sufficiently small thickness to cause X-rays to be attenuated to a less extent than 800 microns of aluminum equivalent thickness. Leads are formed of an aluminum layer with a smaller thickness than 80 microns and connected to the electrodes of the semiconductor radiation sensor. At least one scattered X-ray eliminating grid is disposed in parallel with the substrate and the semiconductor radiation sensor.

Abstract: An x-ray apparatus uses an x-ray tube which is pivoted about a pivot axis to provide scanning of an x-ray beam. The pivot axis passes essentially through the center of the focal spot on the target surface of the anode of the tube, is essentially perpendicular to the anode-cathode axis, and is essentially parallel to a film plane defined by the x-ray film. The scanning of the x-ray beam by pivoting the x-ray tube results in improved systems for standard radiography, linear tomography, and large-scale angiography. In standard radiography and large scale angiography systems, moving primary and secondary slots synchronized with the pivoting of the x-ray tube provide efficient removal of secondary radiation. In linear tomography systems, the object and film are moved synchronously with the pivoting of the x-ray tube, and primary and secondary slots which are stationary remove secondary radiation.