Abstract: A dynamic focusing device is provided for an X-ray scanner, the device comprising at least one detector module located in a position to receive, be illuminated by, and respond to X-rays. A source of X-rays is movable toward or away from the detector module. The module comprising a plurality of crystals each having a scintillation surface located in a common plane, with a plurality of septa separating the crystals. The septa have a height which is upstanding above the surfaces of the crystals far enough to reduce lateral X-ray scatter and to cast a shadow upon the surfaces of the crystals responsive to an illumination thereof from said X-ray source. The invention dynamically positions the detector module relative to the distance between the detector module and the source of X-rays in order to reduce substantially to a minimum any shadow in the X-rays cast by the septa upon the surfaces of the crystals.

Abstract: A Potter-Bucky device for a radiation image recording apparatus in which an image recording medium is exposed to radiation which has passed through an object in order to record a radiation image of the object on the recording medium includes a grid which is supported by a support member between the object and the recording medium and is reciprocated parallel to the recording medium. A balancer is also connected to the support member and is reciprocated in synchronization with said grid but in the opposite direction.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for minimizing scatter in an X-ray imaging system of the type including a controllable source of X-ray radiation and means for collimating the X-ray radiation into a fan-shaped beam and effecting scanning of the X-ray beam across a target area. The improved system includes a grid assembly extending in a transverse direction across the target area and having a relatively narrow width in the beam scanning direction. A drive is coupled to the grid removing the grid in synchronism with the X-ray beam and an X-ray impervious belt is coupled to the grid and extends in a transverse direction across the target area and is movable with the grid for covering the target area outside the grid to prevent scatter radiation from impinging on X-ray film located beneath the grid. In one form, the grid includes a plurality of air interspersed septa to allow reduced beam energy.

Abstract: A gating and target device for an x-ray examination apparatus has a secondary radiation diaphragm and an x-ray film cassette, the secondary radiation diaphragm having two diaphragm plates disposed in parallel planes, and moveable relative to each other so that the diaphragm plates can be adjusted to at least partially overlap. Each of the diaphragm plates has a diaphragm opening therein, with the remainder of the plate being impermeable to x-radiation, so that by adjusting the relative positions of the plates, an opening of selected size may be formed by either one of said diaphragm plates at least partially covering the opening of the other diaphragm plate. To minimize the thickness of the device, and thus to minimize the distance between the target x-ray film and an examination subject, one of the diaphragm plates has a scattered ray grid structurally integrated within the opening of that plate.

Abstract: A spot film device suitable for use with the radiographic system and having a device for carrying and oscillating a grid which serves to absorb X-rays scattered from an object to be radiographed. Rotation force generated by a motor is used not only to move the grid between radiographic and parking positions but also to oscillate the grid. This enables the grid carrier system to be made comparatively simple in construction. In addition, the grid is oscillated over a certain range by the rotation force transmitted from the motor, so that comparatively high reliability can be guaranteed in oscillating the grid.

Abstract: A mammography apparatus with a cylindrical section, reciprocating slot grid centered on an axis through a source of x-ray radiation. The slot grid includes a plurality of x-ray radiation absorbing lamellae disposed parallel to and aligned radially from the axis. Adjacent pairs of lamellae define air spaced gaps between the members of the pair. The ratio of the height of each of an adjacent pair of lamellae to the width of the respective defined gap being at least 7:1. The slot grid is set in a travel centered on the axis through the x-ray source. The x-ray source is provided with a predetermined staggered turn on and turn off circuit preventing interspace density artifacts.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging system has an X-ray source, an X-ray image detection section, an X-ray mask member, a drive unit, a memory, a calculating section, and an image output unit. An X-ray image is detected by the X-ray image detection section. The X-ray mask member has X-ray shielding regions, distributed in a predetermined pattern, which locally shield the X-ray. The mask member is driven by the drive unit so that it is inserted in or removed from an X-ray radiation field between the X-ray image detection section and the X-ray source, and is sequentially displaced to predetermined positions in the radiation field. The calculating section calculates scattered X-ray intensity distribution data based on a plurality of transmission X-ray data obtained by irradiating an object with X-rays with the mask member located at different positions in the radiation field, and transmission X-ray data obtained by irradiating the object with X-rays with the mask member located outside this field.

Abstract: A pivot motor drive for actuating a grid to move over the X-ray film in the Bucky during an X-ray exposure, comprising (a) an electromagnet, (b) a pivoting beam mounted thereon and acting directly on the grid and said beam displacing said grid in the presence of the magnetic field, and (c) a progressive spring acting on said grid and causing said grid and said beam to return to the original position in the absence of the magnetic field.

Abstract: An x-ray diagnostics installation for radiographs has a secondary radiation grid disposed in front of a holder for x-ray film. The secondary radiation grid is moveable during an exposure. Control circuitry controls the speed of movement of the secondary radiation grid dependent on the anticipated exposure time, such that imaging of the lamellae of the secondary radiation grid on the x-ray film is reliably prevented for all exposure times.

Abstract: An improved radiological device comprising a grid cabinet and an X-ray cassette tray, including: means for cassette size sensing disposed in the cabinet and allowing for automatic collimation of an X-ray beam by a direct mechanical linkage of sensing components with shutter controls; means for centering a cassette including two pivotal arms pivoting about respective points positioned in two different places on the tray; ball rolling slides for all linear movements; means for actuating a grid frame being very compact and disposed in the back of the cabinet and, firstly, accelerating the grid substantially instantaneously to high speeds for very short exposure times; secondly, slowing the grid down for medium exposure times; and thirdly, reversing the grid travel direction at random points.

Abstract: A grid moving apparatus for X-ray radiographing comprises a grid for eliminating a scattered X-ray beam, said grid having X-ray transmitting regions and X-ray non-transmitting regions alternately arranged, swinging mechanism for swinging said grid at a radiographing position, and escape mechanism for removing said grid from the radiographing position to a non-radiographing position. The apparatus further comprises engaging mechanism for detachably engaging said swinging mechanism and said grid, in which said grid and said swinging mechanism are engaged with each other to swing the grid, and said grid is disengaged from said swinging mechanism to be removed.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging system has an X-ray source, an X-ray image detection section, an X-ray mask member, a drive unit, a memory, a calculating section, and an image output unit. An X-ray image is detected by the X-ray image detection section. The X-ray mask member has X-ray shielding regions, distributed in a predetermined pattern, which locally shield the X-ray. The mask member is driven by the drive unit so that it is inserted in or removed from an X-ray radiation field between the X-ray image detection section and the X-ray source, and is sequentially displaced to predetermined positions in the radiation field. The calculating section calculates scattered X-ray intensity distribution data based on a plurality of transmission X-ray data obtained by irradiating an object with X-rays with the mask member located at different positions in the radiation field, and transmission X-ray data obtained by irradiating the object with X-rays with the mask member located outside this field.

Abstract: In a radiographic method, first and second collimator elements are arranged between a radiation source and an image converter. When an object is irradiated with radiation beams, the collimatar elements can be switched between first and second states. In the first state, the collimator elements pass both some of the transmitted radiation beams which are not scattered by the object and transmitted therethrough and scattered radiation beams which are scattered by the object so that a first radiation image is obtained in the form of electrical signals based on the transmitted radiation beams and the scattered radiation beams. In the second state, the collimator elements pass only some of the scattered radiation beams scattered by the object so that a second radiation image is obtained in the form of electrical signals based on only the scattered radiation beams.

Abstract: The invention relates to a scatter grid drive for oscillating a scatter grid back and forth during an exposure. The reversal point, at which the direction of movement of grid is reversed, is passed so quickly that there is little risk of imaging the grid in the radiograph.

Abstract: A radiographic installation for an x-ray examination apparatus has two antiscatter grids disposed in different planes at different distances from the focus of the radiation source and are alternately movable by a motor connected thereto through a drive train from a standby position outside of the radiation field into a position within the radiation field. The grids are maintained in the standby position by a permanently-acting bias force and are moved into the radiation field by the motor in opposition to this force. The drive train includes a belt having two cams disposed at the opposite ends thereof respectively associated with the antiscatter grids for limiting the movement thereof to define selected positions for the grids.

Abstract: The device comprises essentially a base plate with annular guide groove, an endless annular control element freely placed and movable in said guide groove, connecting means placed between said annular control element and said anti-diffusing screen disposed at the center and a drive means for driving said annular control element and said anti-diffusing screen coupled thereto.

Abstract: X-ray apparatus and method for producing discrete images of a human organ in fluctuating motion, e.g., the heart and related vessels. Each image is derived at a selected time related to the cardiac cycle. The images are independently presented on respective discrete areas within a common image plane. A source of X-rays irradiates the organ. A physiological synchronizer produces timing signals within the cardiac cycle for controlling the periods of transmission of the X-ray beam through the organ during, for example, end diastole and end systole. An antiscattering, masking frame has alternate parallel slits and bars at equal intervals exposing substantially half the area of presentation of an X-ray sensitive film in alternate, equally spaced area strips during, e.g., diastole.

Abstract: An X-ray spot filmer is disclosed including a system for cyclically shifting a grid assembly interposed between an X-ray source and a film cassette. The system comprises an electrically energizable grid assembly actuator and an actuator controller for energizing the actuator to cyclically shift the grid assembly. The actuator controller includes actuator energizing output circuitry effective to govern the direction and speed of operation of the actuator in response to a control signal and control signal generator circuitry for producing control signals effective to govern operation of the output circuitry including an oscillator for producing a cyclically varying control signal which causes cyclic grid assembly shifting.