Abstract: A method for determining the thickness of a plurality of coating layers. The method comprises the steps of performing a calibration analysis on calibration data to determine initial values and search limits of optical parameters of the plurality of coating layers, irradiating the plurality of layers with a pulse of THz radiation in the range from 0.01 THz to 10 THz, detecting the reflected radiation to produce a sample response derived from the reflected radiation, producing a synthesized waveform using the optical parameters and predetermined initial thicknesses of the layers, varying the thicknesses and the optical parameters within the search limits to minimize the error measured between the sample response and the synthesized waveform, and outputting the thicknesses of the layers.

Abstract: Described herein are multi-leaf collimators that comprise leaf drive mechanisms. The leaf drive mechanisms can be used in binary multi-leaf collimators used in emission-guided radiation therapy. One variation of a multi-leaf collimator comprises a pneumatics-based leaf drive mechanism. Another variation of a multi-leaf collimator comprises a spring-based leaf drive mechanism having a spring resonator.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a method, apparatus, and storage medium for generating network representation for a neural network. The method includes obtaining a source-side vector sequence corresponding to an input sequence.

Abstract: Spectroscopy systems require a crystal having specific properties for analyzing a spectrum of a sample, which is typically performed for measuring the presence of one element at a time. A two-dimensional (2D) crystal mount for performing simultaneous spectroscopy measurements includes a crystal holder having multiple rows of crystal mounts. Each crystal mount is positioned and orientated to physically support a crystal at a fixed position and fixed orientation relative to an optical axis. A sample provides radiation to analyzer crystals disposed in the crystal mounts, and a detector may detect radiation reflected from the analyzer crystals, for performing multiple simultaneous spectroscopy measurements.

Abstract: An operating guide system of a plant utilizing coal gasification includes a performance analyzer for analyzing performance of the plant by analyzing gasifier performance and synthesis gas cooler performance during an operation of the plant; an operation guide generator for generating an operation guide indicating control values for the operation of the plant based on the performance analysis of the plant; an action guide generator for generating an action guide indicating control values for controlling the plant to prevent an abnormal situation predicted in the plant based on the performance analysis of the plant; and a fuel determiner for determining gasification suitability of an analysis target fuel selected by a user before the plant is started, the gasification suitability including basic suitability and suitability of slag behavior.

Abstract: A method for estimating a parameter relating to solids recovered from a wellbore includes drilling a wellbore using a bottomhole assembly; conveying solids in the wellbore to the surface using drilling fluid; separating the drilling fluid from the solids; and continuously dropping the solids into a solids evaluator positioned above a dryer. The solids evaluator includes a chute having a vertically aligned bore in which the dropped solids reach a constant velocity, a sensor assembly generating a microwave field, and a control unit. The control unit estimates a mass flow rate of the solids based on the generated signals. The method may further include generating the signals representative of a mass flow rate of the dropped solids using the sensor assembly and using the control unit to estimate the mass flow rate of the solids based on the generated signals.

Abstract: A system for performing a scan of internal structures of an object/patient is provided. The system includes a radiation source operative to emit a radiation beam, a radiation detector operative to receive the radiation beam and generate an output signal based at least in part on the received radiation beam, and a controller in electronic communication with the radiation source and the radiation detector and operative to generate at least one image of the object/patient. The controller is further operative to determine an offset of the at least one image relative to an image reference and to employ the offset to automatically align the at least one image with the image reference without the need for stopping the operation of the radiation source and detector to reposition the object/patient being scanned.

Abstract: Dual-energy absorptiometry is used to estimate intramuscular adipose tissue metrics and display results, preferably as related to normative data. The process involves deriving x-ray measurements for respective pixel positions related to a two-dimensional projection image of a body slice containing intramuscular adipose tissue as well as subcutaneous adipose tissue, at least some of the measurements being dual-energy x-ray measurements, processing the measurements to derive estimates of metrics related to the intramuscular adipose tissue in the slice, and using the resulting estimates. Processing the measurements includes an algorithm which places boundaries of regions, e.g., a large region and a smaller region. The regions are combined in an equation that is highly correlated with intramuscular adipose tissue measured by quantitative computed tomography in order to estimate intramuscular adipose tissue.

Abstract: A radiometric measurement device is provided, including at least one at least partially bent source receiving tube configured to receive a radiation source; and at least one transmission tube configured to provide a guiding path within the transmission tube for at least a portion of radiation emitted by the radiation source, the source receiving tube and the transmission tube being arranged with respect to each other such that at least a portion of the radiation emitted by the radiation source is guidable in a straight line through a material disposable between the radiation source and a distal end of the transmission tube and the guide path, and the source receiving tube and the transmission tube being arranged adjacent to each other.

Abstract: A radiological imaging device that includes a source that emits radiation that passes through at least part of a patient, the radiation defining, a central axis of propagation; and a receiving device that receives the radiation and is arranged on the opposite side of the patient with respect to the source. The receiving device includes a first detector to detect radiation when performing at least one of tomography and fluoroscopy, a second detector to detect radiation when performing at least one of radiography and tomography; and a movement apparatus arranged to displace the first and second detectors with respect to the source. The movement apparatus provides a first active configuration in which the radiation hits the first detector and a second active configuration in which the radiation hits the second detector.

Abstract: Teeth are screened for periodontal disease using digitized images manipulated and annotated on a processor. A digitized radiographic image of a tooth shows locations of a bone boundary and a cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) of the tooth. The digitized radiographic image is marked on the processor with a location on the bone boundary and with a pair of CEJ points at opposite ends of the CEJ visible in the radiograph. A ratio between (a) a distance between the bone boundary location and the adjacent CEJ point as numerator and (b) a distance between the CEJ points as denominator is calculated on the processor and compared with a threshold ratio-value for a corresponding tooth from a database accessible by the processor. A calculated ratio-value which is greater than the database threshold ratio-value is indicative of periodontal disease in the tooth. The probability of the correct diagnostic decision is determined by the relative magnitude of the calculated ratio-value and the threshold ratio-value.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an opposite belt-type precise seeding device. The opposite belt-type precise seeding device comprises a seed metering tube consisting of a U-shaped shell and a cover plate, two conveying devices provided inside the seed metering tube in parallel, and a conveying plate provided at the lower end of the seed metering tube. The opposite belt-type precise seeding device belongs to the field of agricultural machinery. In a seeder, a tubular seed conveying tube is usually used for guiding movement of seeds, but the movement of the seeds in the seed conveying tube has certain randomness, so that the seed distance consistency of the seeds in a seed bed is reduced. Through control of the seeds by the conveying devices, the stable movement of the seeds is achieved and the seed distance consistency of the seeds in the seed bed is guaranteed.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer program product for decomposing monolithic applications to form microservices are provided. The method identifies a set of classes within a monolithic application. A set of horizontal clusters are generated by performing horizontal clustering to the set of classes to decompose the classes based on a first functionality type. The method generates a set of vertical clusters by performing vertical clustering to the set of classes to decompose the classes based on a second functionality type. A subset of classes occurring in a common horizontal cluster and vertical cluster are identified as a functional unit. The method merges one or more functional units to form a microservice.

Abstract: An X-ray CT data processing device is provided which when multi-energy photography is performed with an energy-separation type detector, and a subject is separated into a plurality of standard materials to create an image, estimates the appropriateness of posited standard materials, and in order to determine appropriate standard materials with satisfactory accuracy, processes CT data respectively acquired in a plurality of detection energy ranges to create a reconstructed image separated into predetermined standard materials.

Abstract: A medical image processing device and a corresponding method are provided that can extract and enhance a signal in a medical image. A medical image processing device that applies image processing to a medical image, the device including an acquiring unit that acquires an original image, a first extraction unit that extracts a local bias component image, a creating unit that decomposes a difference image between the original image and the local bias component image into at least two frequency bands and creates a low-frequency component image formed of a component in the lowest frequency band, a second extraction unit that extracts a local bias component low-frequency image that is a local bias component of the low-frequency component image, and a computing unit that multiplies the local bias component low-frequency image by a gain, adds to the local bias component image, and computes a contrast enhanced image.

Abstract: A system for obtaining downhole azimuthal imaging information includes a pressure housing. The system also includes a source arranged within the pressure housing, the source including a directable electron beam. The system further includes an anode positioned proximate the source, within the pressure housing, the anode having a tapered face adapted to interact with the directable electron beam and direct an x-ray beam away from the anode. The system also includes a detector arranged proximate the anode, the anode being between the source and the detector, wherein the detector receives scattered x-rays, from the x-ray beam, the received scattered x-rays corresponding to imaging information to determine one or more properties of a wellbore.

Abstract: A measurement processing device used for an x-ray inspection apparatus that detects an x-ray passing through a specimen with a detection unit to sequentially inspect a plurality of specimens on the basis of an acquired transmission image, includes a setting unit that sets a region to be inspected on a portion of the specimen; a determination unit that determines the non-defectiveness of the region to be inspected by using a transmission image of the x-ray that passed through the region to be inspected; a correction unit that performs a correction on the region to be inspected on the basis of a determination result by the determination unit; and a display control unit that displays the corrected region to be inspected corrected by the correction unit.

Abstract: A tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) optical head includes a housing configured for attachment to a sight tube attached to a wall of a process chamber. The TDLAS optical head further includes optics within the housing for transmitting, receiving, or transmitting and receiving a laser beam within a process chamber through the sight tube. The TDLAS optical head further includes a photo sensor in the housing positioned to receive light emitted by combustion within the process chamber to which the housing is attached.

Abstract: A patient shuttle system, an irradiation system for particle therapy and an operation method thereof are provided. One embodiment of the present invention provides a patient shuttle system including a patient table on which a patient is placed, a drive device that causes the patient table to move parallel and/or rotate, and a drive control device that controls parallel movement and/or rotation of the patient table by the drive device, in accordance with a parallel movement amount and/or a rotation amount of the patient table that are received from a patient positioning system provided in a treatment room for particle therapy.

Abstract: A spectrum measurement and estimation method for tomographic reconstruction, beam hardening correction, dual-energy CT and system diagnosis, etc., comprises determining the spectra for combinations of source acceleration voltage, pre-filters and/or detectors and after measuring the transmission values of several pre-filters, calculating corrected spectra for the combinations of the source acceleration voltage, pre-filters and/or detectors.

Abstract: An intelligent sorting apparatus includes sensors, bins, and a controller that is configured to use data from the sensors to intelligently sort items into one of the plurality of bins. The controller may use the sensors to determine whether an item includes one of ceramic, metal, or wet or dry waste, as the item traverses down a first, second, and/or third incline, respectively. The controller may route the item towards one of a ceramic bin when the item includes ceramic, metal bin when the item includes metal, wet bin when the item includes wet waste, or dry bin when the item includes dry waste.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining the stopping power from computed tomography scans. The method includes preparing computed tomography scans of a body region with two different recording energies; determining the stopping power for different CT numbers from dual energy image areas of the computed tomography scans; forming a data field in which the determined values for the stopping power for different CT numbers from dual energy image areas are applied as a function of the CT numbers; forming a look-up table from the data field; determining the stopping power for different CT numbers from single energy image areas of the computed tomography scans by the look-up table. A corresponding device and control device, a corresponding particle therapy system, and a corresponding computed tomography system, are also provided.

Abstract: An inspection device is provided in which X-rays are radiated in a fan-like shape with respect to an extension direction of steel cords, are transmitted through a conveyor belt, and reach an X-ray line sensor. A control device makes an X-ray generator and the X-ray line sensor move in a fixed relative position at a certain speed within a certain movement range in a direction parallel with a plane and orthogonal to an extension direction of the steel cords. The control device generates two-dimensional image information on the basis of an X-ray transmission signal obtained each time the X-ray generator and the X-ray line sensor move a unit amount equal to a pixel pitch of the X-ray line sensor. The control device detects measurement information relating to the conveyor belt and the steel cords on the basis of the obtained two-dimensional image information.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus (10), designed and configured to acquire and analyse product-specific data for products (12) of the food processing industry, comprising a conveyor (11), which is gap-free in the transport plane, for transporting separated products (12) in transport direction T from an intake end to a discharge end, an X-ray unit (13) having at least one X-ray source (14) and at least one X-ray camera (15) for acquiring product-specific data, wherein X-ray source (14) and X-ray camera (15) are assigned to the conveyor (11) in such a manner that the products (12) can be guided along between the X-ray source (14) and the X-ray camera (15), as well as a control unit (16) which is connected to the X-ray unit (13) and is designed and configured to receive and analyse the product-specific data, forming a first data set, acquired by said X-ray unit (13), which is characterised in that at least one optical camera (17) is assigned to the same conveyor (11) between its intake end and discharge end,

Abstract: To provide a technique of obtaining information for discriminating two substances included in a radiation image of a subject without performing imaging by changing radiation energy, a radiation imaging system includes a detector including a plurality of pixels which obtain pixel values corresponding to incident radiation transmitted through a subject, and an information processing unit configured to perform a process of estimating information on thicknesses and densities of substances included in the subject by performing a calculation using pixel values of an arbitrary one of the plurality of pixels and an average value of energy of radiation quanta of the arbitrary pixel calculated in accordance with the pixel values of the arbitrary pixel.

Abstract: An X-ray detection device is a device detecting X-rays having transmitted through a test subject, and comprises a filter member including a filter that attenuates some of X-rays, a detector that detects the X-rays partially attenuated by the filter, and a housing that places the detector therein. The housing includes a principal surface including a slit capable of going through the X-rays, and a side surface including an opening which extends in the direction orthogonal to the principal surface and through which the filter can be inserted. The filter of the filter member is disposed in the housing so as to cover a line sensor of the detector and a scintillator in a state of being apart from the detector.

Abstract: Apparatus including an electrically conductive housing, an electrically non-conducting pipe carrying the slurry through the housing, one or more primary coils each encircling the pipe within the housing and having a capacitor unit coupled thereto with a capacitor unit value chosen so that a primary coil series resonance is formed close to the value of a target magnetic resonance frequency, and for each primary coil, a drive coil and associated electrical network positioned to magnetically couple the drive coil to that primary coil. An impedance monitor coupled to each electrical network measures a complex input impedance thereof. An RF transmitter transmits a signal to one or more of the electrical networks with a frequency approximately equal to the target magnetic resonance frequency, and an RF receiver receives from each electrical network magnetic resonance signals from the target and forms an output signal of detected signals.

Abstract: A method for use in measuring a composition of a multiphase fluid which includes flowing a multiphase fluid through a fluid flow path defined by a wall of a fluid conduit is disclosed. The wall includes an electrically non-conductive material. The method includes establishing an electromagnetic field which extends through the electrically non-conductive material of the wall of the fluid conduit into the fluid and measuring a property of the electromagnetic field over a measurement time period. The method also includes transmitting additional energy through the fluid over the measurement time period independently of the electromagnetic field and measuring the additional energy transmitted through the fluid over the measurement time period. The method may be used to unambiguously determine a composition of a multiphase fluid which has different components.

Abstract: A system and a method of using dual-energy absoptiometry to estimate visceral fat metrics and display results, preferably as related to normative data. The process involves deriving x-ray measurements for respective pixel positions related to a two-dimensional projection image of a body slice containing visceral fat as well as subcutaneous fat; at least some of the measurements being dual-energy x-ray measurements, processing the measurements to derive estimates of metrics related to the visceral fat in the slice; and using the resulting estimates.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to embodiments includes processing circuitry. The processing circuitry is configured to detect, defining at least either intervertebral discs or vertebral bodies as target regions, target region information indicative of a position and a direction of each target region for each of a plurality of target regions included in a spine of a subject based on an image in which the spine is imaged; select target regions of imaging subjects out of the target regions based on the target region information; and cause a display to display, regarding the target regions, information representing imaging areas that concern the target regions of imaging subjects and information representing imaging areas that concern other target regions in different display forms.

Abstract: Systems and methods for performing remote diagnostic imaging. One system includes a stand-alone imaging station including a first housing module and a diagnostic imaging device. The diagnostic imaging device is contained within the first housing module and includes a radiation source and a radiation detector. The imaging station also includes a door and a device. The door is coupled to the first housing module and configured to allow a patient to enter the first housing module. The device is configured to receive payment information for a diagnostic imaging procedure performed using the diagnostic imaging device. The device may be magnetic stripe reader, a bill pay unit, a user identification card dispenser, or a scanner.

Abstract: An irradiation condition setting section 52 sets irradiation conditions corresponding to the emission angle of radiation emitted from a radiation source 26. The radiation source 26 emits radiation to a breast at a plurality of different emission angles based on the set irradiation conditions. A radiation detector 36 generates a plurality of projection images corresponding to the plurality of emission angles. An image correction section 56 corrects each projection image such that a difference between at least either contrasts or density values in the plurality of projection images is reduced. A reconstruction unit 58 reconstructs a tomographic image based on the plurality of corrected projection images.

Abstract: An image display control apparatus includes: an image obtaining unit that obtains an image of a backbone region that includes at least a portion of the backbone of a subject; an emphasized display target region specifying unit that specifies an emphasized display target region within the backbone region based on the image; a bone metastasis region specifying unit that specifies an osteolytic metastasis region included in the backbone region; and a display control unit that causes images to be displayed by a display unit. The display control unit displays an osteolytic metastasis region that belongs within the emphasized display target region with a greater degree of emphasis than an osteolytic metastasis region outside the emphasized display target region.

Abstract: A system for detecting lymphedema comprising a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry system and one or more spacer pads disposed within a field of view of the dual energy x-ray absorptiometry system. The dual energy x-ray absorptiometry system comprises an x-ray source and a patient support platform, wherein the patient support platform is configured to receive a patient in a supine position with the x-ray source disposed above the patient support platform. The one or more spacer pads are configured to be positioned between body parts of the patient.

Abstract: A method of determining the mass of an object by scanning the object in a radiographic inspection system, specifically in an X-ray scanner with the capability to take scan images at a plural number J of energy leves, has three modes or parts, namely: an initial learning mode, a normal operating mode, and a learning improvement mode. An inintial learning mode in which refernce object are scanned and their actual masses weighed and stored as reference values. A normal operating mode wherein smaple objects with unknown mass m are scanned and analyzed for compatibility with the reference values, and if found incompatible, the method switches to the learning improvement mode. A learning improvement mode in which the actual mass of the sample object found incompatible is determined by weighing and updates the stored reference values.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging apparatus can include an X-ray detector configured to acquire X-ray data by detecting X-rays and an image processor configured to segment a first image generated based on the acquired X-ray data into two or more segmentation regions, to identify one or more materials present in one segmentation region of the two or more segmentation regions, and to acquire an image relating to an object which includes abnormal materials.

Abstract: A system and method for the use of the results from a structural analysis of a patient's bone from a clinical scan, to be used clinically to manage patients in a widespread and consistent fashion.

Abstract: A meat inspection and sorting line comprising supply means, a radiation inspection facility, a cutting facility and a reject facility. Meat parts are brought together and fed into the radiation inspection facility by means of a conveyor in a layer of meat parts. An undesired object is detected by the radiation inspection facility by means of e.g. an X-ray technique and a part of the layer of meat parts containing the undesired object is identified and separated from the layer of meat parts by the cutting facility. The identified and separated part of the layer of meat parts containing the undesired object is rejected by the reject facility from the layer of meat parts.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a storage unit which stores data of X-ray projection images generated through a angiographic imaging sequence, a generation unit which, based on the data, generates a reference time density curve concerning a reference region which is set as a blood supply region, and time density curves concerning perfusion regions which are set as a blood supplied region, a measurement unit which measures delay times for which a contrast medium reaches the perfusion regions from the reference region, from relationships between the reference time density curve and the time density curves, a calculation unit which calculates, respectively for the perfusion regions, first indices expressing correlations of the time density curves to the reference time density curve within a period determined on the basis of the delay times, and a first image generation unit which generates a first image expressing spatial distribution of the first indices.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for imaging with detectors having moving heads are provided. One apparatus includes a gantry and a plurality of detector units mounted to the gantry. At least some of the plurality of detector units are movable relative to the gantry to position one or more of the detector units with respect to a subject. The detector units are movable along parallel axes with respect to each other.

Abstract: A thickness measurement apparatus and method to measure an object to be inspected. The thickness measurement apparatus includes: an ultrasonic wave transmission/reception device that receives/transmits an ultrasonic wave to/from a wall of a pipe to be inspected, covered with a heat insulation material; a support device that supports the ultrasonic wave transmission/reception device from an outer surface of the pipe to be inspected; a thickness calculation device that measures a propagation time of the ultrasonic wave received/transmitted by the ultrasonic wave transmission/reception device, and calculates thickness of the pipe to be inspected; a calibration board with a predetermined thickness greater than a thickness of a dead zone of the ultrasonic wave transmission/reception device; and a calibration board adjustment device that moves the calibration board toward and away from a gap between the ultrasonic wave transmission/reception device and the outer surface of the pipe to be inspected.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to methods of modeling leaching behavior of a polycrystalline diamond (“PCD”) material used in leached polycrystalline diamond compacts (“PDCs”) and methods of monitoring leaching of a PCD material. In an embodiment, a method of modeling leaching behavior is disclosed. A PCD table is provided, which includes a plurality of bonded diamond grains defining a plurality of interstitial regions in which a metallic material is disposed. The PCD table is leached with a leaching agent to at least partially remove the metallic material from the PCD table. A leach depth of the PCD table is determined. A concentration of at least one constituent of the leaching agent is also determined. The leach depth is correlated with the concentration of the at least one metal to generate the model of leaching behavior.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a scanning imaging system, comprising a transportation apparatus, a first imaging system, and a second imaging system. A distance between a ray beam from a first ray generator of the first imaging system and a ray beam from a second ray generator of the second imaging system in the transportation direction is roughly L. A controller is configured to acquire, based on a count value of the encoding counter module, a correspondence relationship between data in a position of the inspected object in the transportation direction which is collected by the first imaging system and data in the position of the inspected object in the transportation direction which is collected by the second imaging system, wherein a difference between a count value of the encoder corresponding to the data in the position which is collected by the first imaging system and a count value of the encoder corresponding to the data in the position which is collected by the second imaging system is roughly L/D.

Abstract: Grating interferometer comprising inclined phase grating structures, method for increasing the definition of phase contrast images of interferometers or in applications which are based on the Talbot effect, using inclined phase grating structures, phase gratings wherein the grating structures are positioned at angles on the substrate of the phase grating, method for producing grating structures which are positioned at angles on the substrate of the phase grating, and corresponding uses.

Abstract: An arithmetic processor for measuring bone density using a correspondence relationship between a luminance value of transmitted radiation and a thickness of a reference material is provided. The luminance value is obtained by applying radiation, which is emitted from a radiation source upon application of a tube voltage to the radiation source, to the reference material having different thicknesses and detecting the radiation transmitted through the reference material. The arithmetic processor includes: a generating unit that generates, based on the detected luminance value, a luminance profile representing the correspondence relationship; a normalizing unit that generates a normalized profile by normalizing the luminance profile based on a maximum value and a minimum value in the luminance profile; and a determining unit that determines whether or not each luminance value corresponding to each thickness in the normalized profile is within a range defined in advance by the tube voltage and each thickness.

Abstract: A system and method for multi-signal classification that classifies a signal or a variable utilizing topological data analysis (TDA) specifically, via the theory of persistent homology; and encode the persistent homology of a data set in the form of a parameterized version of a Betti number by way of a topology data function which is more generally referred to as a persistence diagram or barcode.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for determining bone mineral density values of an object. In an embodiment, the method includes acquisition of first two-dimensional projection overview image data of the object to be examined in an image detail with a first X-ray energy; acquisition of at least second two-dimensional projection overview image data of the object to be examined in an image detail with at least one different second X-ray energy; determining a bone overview image data record using the first and second projection overview image data; determining at least one specific evaluation region of the image detail using the bone overview image data record; and determining a bone mineral density value for the specific evaluation region of the image detail using the image data of the bone overview image data record in the specific evaluation region. A computerized tomography system for implementing a method is also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods, systems, services (Internet), computer programs and circuits provide rapid bone mineral density (BMD) measurements and/or osteoporosis information using an automated image analysis circuit that evaluates a hand X-ray of a patient from an X-ray device to generate a reliable bone density evaluation within about 15 minutes, typically within about 5 minutes with receipt of a hand X-ray, and more typically substantially instantaneous and under 1 minute. The automated image analysis circuit can reside on a remote preliminary review server.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method is provided for anatomically indexing a subject. The method includes: receiving image scan data representing a volume of a subject, where the image scan data is comprised of a plurality of image slices of the subject and includes at least a portion of a vertebral column of the subject; identifying the vertebral canal of the vertebral column of the subject in the image scan data; determining a plurality of markers for the vertebral column, where each marker is indicative of a different vertebral body of the vertebral column and includes its location in the image scan data defined in a coordinate system, such that the plurality of markers define a vertebral level coordinate system; and storing each marker along with its location in a database. The markers can subsequently be used to reference other anatomical components of the subject across different image scans.

Abstract: Devices, tools, systems and methods for X-ray bone density measurement and imaging for radiography, fluoroscopy and related procedures. Portable, efficient peripheral bone density measurement and/or high resolution imaging and/or small field digital radiography of bone and other tissue, including tissue in the peripheral skeletal system, such as the arm, forearm, leg, hand and/or foot.