Abstract: A data processing method performed by a computer for determining breathing signal data which represents a breathing cycle of a patient, comprising the steps of: —acquiring image data representing a sequence of training thermal images of at least a part of the surface of the patient's body over time, the sequence covering at least one half breathing cycle and being captured by a thermographic camera; and —tracking at least one tracked point in the image data over the sequence of training thermal images to find a trajectory of the tracked point as the breathing signal data, wherein the tracked point is a point on the surface of the patient's body.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving treatment information relating to a treatment plan for proton- or ion-beam therapy intended to irradiate a target tissue; receiving machine-limitation information relating to one or more limitations of one or more machines involved in the proton- or ion-beam therapy; determining a time-optimized beam current for a proton or ion beam based on the treatment information and the machine-limitation information, wherein the time-optimized beam current minimizes the time required to deliver a required quantity of monitor units to one of a plurality of spots, wherein each of the plurality of spots is a particular area of the target tissue; and delivering the time-optimized beam current to the particular area.

Abstract: Systems and methods for performing laser cataract surgery, for using a biometric system to determine a material property of a structure of the eye, laser pulses in a laser shot pattern having different powers. A therapeutic laser, and laser delivery system having the capability to vary the power of the laser beam.

Abstract: Applicant presents an improved manner of modeling and calculating the tongue-and-groove effect in multi-leaf collimators in treatment planning systems and processes. The method is based on subtracting an individualized profile area that is determined for each individual model of MLC. The method also includes how to easily obtain the shape of this non-constant profile based on the tests. The method provides better accuracy, particularly for plans using small MLC gaps.

Abstract: A radiation-treatment plan to treat a treatment target in a given patient takes into account imaging-based dosing of that patient by, for example, automatically accounting for radiation dosing of the given patient that results from imaging to determine at least one physical position of the given patient when forming the radiation-treatment plan. These teachings are particularly beneficial when applied in application settings where the aforementioned imaging comprises obtaining images using megavoltage-sourced radiation. By one approach these teachings provide for automatically accounting for radiation dosing of the given patient that results from imaging by, at least in part, automatically adjusting therapeutic dosing of the given patient as a function of the radiation dosing of the given patient that results from such imaging.

Abstract: A particle therapy system has an irradiation system attached to a rotary drum of a gantry. A radiation treatment cage disposed in the rotary drum includes a movable floor including a horizontal floor portion. The movable floor includes a number of footboards connected bendably and X-ray transmission plates. The movable floor has a slide member at each end thereof, and the slide member is movably attached to a guide rail that is provided for each of opposite side surfaces of the irradiation system. X-ray sources are disposed outside the rotary drum apart from each other in a circumferential direction of the rotary drum and attached to the outer surface of the rotary drum. The irradiation system includes X-ray detection systems opposite to the X-ray sources.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for guiding the delivery of therapeutic radiation using incomplete or partial images acquired during a treatment session. A partial image does not have enough information to determine the location of a target region due to, for example, poor or low contrast and/or low SNR. The radiation fluence calculation methods described herein do not require knowledge or calculation of the target location, and yet may help to provide real-time image guided radiation therapy using arbitrarily low SNR images.

Abstract: Methods and systems for providing treatment planning information for a neurology procedure, including neurosurgical procedures. A database containing historical data about historical procedures is accessed. Historical data relevant to a neurology procedure is determined, based on a determination of similarity to a set of data characterizing the neurology procedure. Historical instances of procedure parameters relevant to the neurology procedure are determined and displayed.

Abstract: Radiosurgical techniques and systems treat behavioral disorders (such as depression, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (“OCD”), addiction, hyperphagia, and the like) by directing radiation from outside the patient toward a target tissue within the patient's brain, typically without imposing surgical trauma. The target will often be included in a neural circuit associated with the behavioral disorder. A cellularly sub-lethal dose of the radiation may be applied and the radiation can mitigate the behavioral disorder, obesity, or the like, by modulating the level of neural activity within the target and in associated tissues. Hypersensitive and/or hyperactive neuronal tissue may be targeted, with the radiation downwardly modulating hyperactive neuronal activity. By down-regulating the activity of a target that normally exerts negative feedback or a limiting effect on a relevant neural circuit, the activity of the circuit may be increased.

Abstract: A system or use with a radiotherapy system includes a scanner for producing images of at least one object within an imaging volume, a radiotherapy apparatus including a source of therapeutic radiation adapted to deliver a beam of radiation into the at least one object, a treatment planning system for controlling the source so as to deliver radiation in accordance with a predetermined plan for treating a patient and with the images of the at least one object, and at least one device within and/or adjacent to the imaging volume. The at least one device comprises at least one first marker which is visible to the scanner and at least one MR second marker which is visible to an MR scanner. The system further comprises a database containing data including the markers associated with the at least one device and at least its geometric and density characteristics.

Abstract: A simple metric, the mean absolute dose deviation (“MADD”), for characterizing dose-volume histograms (“DVH”) is disclosed. The MADD facilitates the use and the comparison of DVHs. The MADD is defined as the average of absolute differences between all points of a DVH and a dose point of a specified reference dose range. The MADD is a generalized metric free from distribution assumptions, and it is directly applicable to all types of structures.

Abstract: Radiation therapy systems and their components, including secondary radiation shields. At least some versions of the disclosed systems combine a radiation delivery device, a primary radiation shielding device, and a secondary shielding layer into an integrated, modular unit. This is accomplished by using a small direct beam shield capable of blocking a primary beam from a radiation delivery device. In turn, a thinner shielding layer can be used to surround the radiation delivery device and primary shielding device, enabling a single modular unit to be delivered to an installation site. In some embodiments, a bed may be disposed within the secondary shielding layer. In some embodiments, the system is configured to provide up to 4-pi (4?) steradians of radiation coverage to the bed from the radiation delivery device.

Abstract: A system for tracking tumors during radiotherapy for interleaving treatment pulses with imaging pulses is disclosed. The system includes a plurality of multisource scanning eBeam X-ray tubes, each having multiple focal spots. The X-ray tubes are configured to emit X-rays in a plurality of different locations on a target by sequentially emitting the X-rays to the focal spots in the different focal spots. This is done such that the X-rays can be emitted to the plurality of different locations without substantially moving the X-ray tube or the target. The system further includes multiple imager panels configured to act as targets and configured to receive the X-rays from the focal spots of the X-ray tube. The system further includes a tomosynthesis reconstruction module configured to process outputs from the imager panels to construct a unified three-dimensional image that takes information from each of the different imager panels.

Abstract: A radiotherapy apparatus includes a fixed support and a gantry including a chassis part and a source part, the chassis part being rotatably attached to the fixed support to allow rotation thereof about a generally horizontal axis, and the source part being connected to the chassis part via a rotatable connection allowing the source part to rotate relative to the chassis part around a transverse axis. The source part includes a source of therapeutic radiation directed towards the intersection of the transverse axis and the horizontal axis. The chassis part and the source part together define an annular ring that encircles the horizontal axis. In this way, the radiotherapy apparatus can provide the full usual range of treatments, but can also adapt itself to adopt a non-coplanar geometry when required, for example to treat difficult locations in the head and neck.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for developing radiation therapy treatment plans. A treatment template with radiation fields can be chosen for a patient based on a tumor location. Static radiation field positions can be adjusted for the patient, while arc radiation fields may remain the same. Static radiation field positions can be adjusted using dose gradient, historical patient data, and other techniques.

Abstract: Implementations provide user access to software functionality. In some implementations, a method includes selecting one or more portions of text. The method also includes employing the one or more portions to select software functionality. The method also includes presenting one or more user interface controls in combination with a representation of the text, where the one or more user interface controls includes a user selectable outline around one or more keywords in combination with a drop-down menu.

Abstract: A control circuit forms a radiation therapy treatment plan. By one approach this comprises displaying a structure dose volume histogram on a display and detecting when a user directly manipulates the displayed structure dose volume histogram. In response to detecting that manipulation the control circuit uses a corresponding virtual set of optimization objectives to optimize a radiation therapy treatment plan. If desired, the control circuit can also use weighted optimization objectives when optimizing the radiation therapy treatment plan. Also if desired, the control circuit can use only a low-resolution approximate geometry to represent a particular trajectory as corresponds to different exposure fields for the radiation therapy to be administered when initially optimizing the radiation therapy treatment plan. The control circuit can then subsequently use a high-resolution geometry to represent that trajectory to further optimize the radiation therapy treatment plan.

Abstract: Systems and methods directed to real-time treatment margin adaptation based on in-treatment imaging are provided. The system and method may utilize the potential of motion mitigation techniques such as couch tracking, DMLC, beam tracking, and the like to freeze tumor motion within the treatment aperture. A standard internal target volume (ITV) based margin plan and a minimum margin plan is created for the patient. The minimum margin plan assumes frozen intrafractional tumor motion. Depending on tumor location confidence in the motion mitigation technique, MLC leaf positions can be interpolated between the two plans to adjust margins during treatment delivery. If motion mitigation fails, the plan can be disabled resulting in the delivery of the current clinical standard of care. Dynamic aperture tracking may be employed with an electronic portal imaging device as the in-treatment imaging modality.

Abstract: A radiotherapy tracking apparatus for tracking a position of a specific region with markerless tracking even when visual recognition of the specific region of the subject is poor and for eliminating preliminary work such as preparation of a template. A control element comprises a DRR image generation element, a phase-based position calculation element, an X-ray fluoroscopic image obtaining element, a phase adjuster, a frame-based position calculation element, a gating element and a memory storage. The frame-based position calculation element calculates the position of the specific region of the subject in the X-ray fluoroscopic image having the plurality of frames frame-by-frame based on the DRR image adjusted with the X-ray fluoroscopic image in the phase adjustment element and the position of the specific region calculated by the phase-based position calculation element.

Abstract: A computer program product, method, system and device that acquires, by a radiation detector, exit radiation measurement information during delivery of patient treatment. Patient anatomy information is also received and a radiation detector response calibration is determined utilizing at least the exit radiation measurement information, the patient anatomy information, and at least a portion of a radiation treatment plan.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining an energy fluence correction in a quality assurance system for a radiation therapy apparatus, which method comprises receiving a treatment plan description; generating a set of measured phantom dose values; generating a set of determined phantom dose values, by determining phantom dose values based on at least the treatment plan description and a phantom description; determining a set of phantom dose corrections based on at least the set of determined phantom dose values and the set of measured phantom dose values; and determining an energy fluence correction based on at least the set of phantom dose corrections. It further relates to a method for determining a reconstructed patient dose distribution based on at least the energy fluence correction, a patient description, and further data related to the treatment plan description. It also relates to corresponding quality assurance and control systems.

Abstract: A patient transfer system is provided to move a patient between modalities. The system includes a deploying modality having a top surface configured to support the patient; a patient transfer support positionable on the top surface of the deploying modality, the patient transfer support also being configured for movement from the top surface of the deploying modality to a top surface of the receiving modality; a patient transfer support locating feature positionable to limit movement of the patient transfer support relative to the top surface of the receiving modality; and a keying feature positionable to engage at least one of a surface associated with the receiving modality or a surface of the patient transfer support, the keying feature being configured to inhibit movement of the patient transfer support in at least one direction relative to the top surface of the receiving modality.

Abstract: An x-ray source can include a housing with material with an atomic number of ?42 and a thermal conductivity of ?3 W/(m*K) to assist in removing heat from the x-ray source and to block x-rays emitted in undesirable directions. An x-ray source can include a shell that is electrically conductive and that encloses at least part of a voltage multiplier without enclosing a control circuit to minimize or eliminate electromagnetic interference in the control circuitry caused by the voltage multiplier. An x-ray source can include a negative voltage multiplier, a positive voltage multiplier, and a ground plane between the negative voltage multiplier and the positive voltage multiplier. The ground plane can minimize or eliminate electromagnetic interference between the negative voltage multiplier and the positive voltage multiplier. An air-filled channel, associated with the ground plane, can reduce weight of the x-ray source.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for planning and delivering radiation treatments by modalities which involve moving a radiation source along a trajectory relative to a subject while delivering radiation to the subject. In some embodiments the radiation source is moved continuously along the trajectory while in some embodiments the radiation source is moved intermittently. Some embodiments involve the optimization of the radiation delivery plan to meet various optimization goals while meeting a number of constraints. For each of a number of control points along a trajectory, a radiation delivery plan may comprise: a set of motion axes parameters, a set of beam shape parameters and a beam intensity.

Abstract: Provided is a bolus formed of a hydrogel, wherein the hydrogel includes water, a polymer, and a mineral, and wherein the bolus is applied to a patient who receives a radiation therapy.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method and apparatus for treating a tumor of a patient using positively charged particles, comprising the steps of: (1) providing an approved current version of a radiation treatment plan for treatment of the tumor using the positively charged particles; (2) implementing the current version of the radiation treatment plan using a cancer therapy system comprising a controller linked to a synchrotron; (3) upon identifying an object, using a set of fiducial indicators, in a treatment vector of the radiation treatment plan: generating a modified version of radiation treatment plan and receiving medical doctor approval of the modified version of the radiation treatment plan, the modified version of the radiation plan becoming the current version of the radiation treatment plan; and (4) repeating the steps of implementing and identifying until completion of treatment of the tumor using the positively charged particles.

Abstract: A radiation therapy treatment method includes providing a patient model, dosimetric constraints, delivery motion constraints, and delivery coordinate space of a radiation delivery device, where the delivery coordinate space is represented as a mesh with vertices connected by edges, where the vertices correspond to directions of a beam eye view (BEV) of the radiation delivery device. BEV region connectivity manifolds are constructed from the patient model, the dosimetric constraints, the delivery coordinate space, and existing beam trajectories, wherein each of the BEV region connectivity manifolds represents connections between contiguous 2D target regions. Beam trajectories are selected based on region connectedness information in the BEV region connectivity manifolds, the dosimetric constraints, the delivery motion constraints, and the existing beam trajectories. Radiation is delivered using the radiation delivery device in accordance with the selected beam trajectories.

Abstract: An X-ray diagnosis apparatus comprises processing circuitry. The processing circuitry is configured: to generate first subtraction image by using a first image acquisition condition; to generate second subtraction image by using a second image acquisition condition that are substantially same as the first image acquisition condition; to generate first color image by using a first processing condition, each pixel of the first color image having a color according to a temporal transition at a corresponding position of the first subtraction image; to generate, by using a second processing condition that is substantially same as the first processing condition, second color image, each pixel of the second color image having a color according to a temporal transition at a corresponding position of the second subtraction image; and to cause a stereoscopic image to be displayed on the basis of the first color image and the second color image.

Abstract: System and methods for automatically identifying anatomical regions in medical images are disclosed. A signature is computed from one or more images of a patient. The signature comprises a water equivalent diameter distribution generated from one or more images of the patient. A best matching atlas element is identified from an atlas. The atlas includes a group of atlas elements, each atlas element includes landmarks associated with a set of image data, and a signature associated with the set of image data. The signature of the best matching atlas element matches the signature of the patient the best among the atlas. Landmarks of the best matching atlas element are projected onto an image of the patient. The method can be used on its own for anatomy localization or used in conjunction with another anatomy localization method to correct the result of another method.

Abstract: Systems and methods for creation of a videographic representation of a real-time medical treatment by a processor operating in conjunction with a treatment device and an imaging device are described. The representation may include real-time imaging data, a representation of real-time treatment data and contours of relevant anatomy among other things. Related systems and techniques are also described.

Abstract: Solutions are provided herein that specifically accounts for biological effects of tissue during radiation planning (such as treatment planning). In one or more embodiments, the biological effects may be calculated by accessing a knowledge base to determine reference data comprising at least one biological characteristic corresponding to the at least one organ, predicting a biological effect for the plurality of identified structures based on the biological characteristic corresponding to the at least one organ, and generating or modifying a radiation plan based on the biological effect. By incorporating biological data and fraction dose information, dose-estimation models can be created and trained to more accurately estimate dose absorption and effectiveness. Moreover, existing estimation models may be adapted to create dose estimations that account for the biological efficiency of target structures.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is presented for optimizing a treatment plan for irradiation therapy. The method includes defining a single objective function based on a plurality of objective functions that are each associated with a plurality of tissue types within a subject, upper and lower bounds for each objective function and a plurality of apertures. The method also includes determining a radiation dose delivered to voxels of each tissue type based on minimizing the single objective function based on the plurality of apertures with initial values at each angle. The method also includes delivering a beam of radiation with controlled intensity and beam cross-sectional shape at each angle based on the plurality of apertures.

Abstract: An irradiation treatment planning method constituted of: controlling a patient support member to rotate about a first axis by an initial rotation angle; imaging the patient; receiving treatment prescriptions; and responsive to the patient image, the treatment prescriptions and allowable ranges of rotation about at least two orthogonal axes, determining an irradiation treatment plan, wherein in the event that the irradiation treatment plan does not meet the treatment prescriptions, the method further comprises: responsive to the patient image, the treatment prescriptions and the allowable rotation ranges, determining rotation angles of the patient support member about the first axis; for each rotation angle, controlling the patient support member to rotate about the first axis by the rotation angle and imaging the patient; and for each rotation angle, determining an irradiation treatment plan portion responsive to the patient image, the treatment prescriptions and the allowable rotation ranges.

Abstract: An interpolation of deliverable radiotherapy treatment plans is facilitated by restricting the movement of the multi-leaf collimator leaves between optimization steps.

Abstract: A method of reducing the x-ray dose of a patient in an x-ray system includes defining a region of interest of the patient, obtaining at least two tracking images of a tracking element taken with at least one camera having a known positional relationship relative to an x-ray source and/or sensor, determining any movement of the tracking element between the acquisition of at least two tracking images, adjusting the collimator of the x-ray source to compensate for any movement of the tracking element between the acquisition of the at least two tracking images, providing that the field of exposure of the x-ray source is confined to the region of interest and obtaining at least one x-ray image of the region of interest after the adjustment of the collimator.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for determining an angular trajectory for dynamically rotating a multileaf collimator during arc therapy. According to various embodiments, a suitable collimator trajectory may be determined based on the reduction or minimization of a residual unblocked area residing between a planning target volume and leaves of the multileaf collimator in the beam's eye view over the set of control points corresponding to an arc therapy plan. Various example methods are provided for determining collimator trajectories based on whitespace reduction, and for providing quantitative measures of whitespace optimization associated with a given trajectory. In some embodiments, the whitespace may be calculated using terms that account for the overlap of a planning target volume with an organ at risk of exposure.

Abstract: A therapy planning system and method generate an optimal treatment plan accounting for changes in anatomy. Therapy is delivered to the subject according to a first auto-planned optimal treatment plan based on a first image of a subject. A second image of the subject is received after a period of time. The second image is registered with the first image to generate a deformation map accounting for physiological changes. The second image is segmented into regions of interest using the deformation map. A mapped delivered dose is computed for each region of interest using the dose delivery goals and the deformation map. The first treatment plan is merged with the segmented regions of the second image and the mapped delivered dose during optimization.

Abstract: A cost function is constructed so as to guide an optimization process to achieve similar coverage for all targets simultaneously in a concurrent radiation treatment of multiple targets, so that a single scaling factor may be used in a plan normalization to achieve the desired coverage for all the targets. The cost function includes a component that favors a solution that attains similar target coverages for all targets, as well as a component that favors a solution that approaches the desired target coverage value for each individual target. The cost function includes a max term relating to deficiencies of actual target coverages with respect to a desired target coverage, or alternatively a soft-max term relating to deviations of actual target coverages with respect to an average target coverage, as well as to deficiencies of actual target coverages with respect to a desired target coverage.

Abstract: Systems and methods for performing radiation treatment planning are provided. An exemplary system may include a processor device communicatively coupled to a memory device and configured to perform operations when executing instruction stored in the memory device. The operations may include receiving a reference treatment plan including one or more dose constraints and determining, based on the reference treatment plan, segment information of a plurality of radiation beams. The operations may also include determining a fluence map for each of the plurality of radiation beams based on the one or more dose constraints using a fluence map optimization algorithm. The operations may also include determining a dose distribution based on the fluence maps of the plurality of radiation beams. The operations may also include determining at least one beam modulation property of a new treatment plan using a warm-start optimization algorithm based on the segment information and the dose distribution.

Abstract: A treatment planning method and system for determining a treatment plan used to irradiate a treatment volume using a radiation treatment system that includes a multi-leaf collimator (MLC), is disclosed. The treatment plan includes settings for leaf patterns of individual leaves of the MLC, each leaf pattern including a geometry of the individual leaves and forming an aperture for use in the treatment plan. Areas of radiation leakage are identified in each of the leaf patterns, the areas of radiation leakage including first unshielded areas corresponding to gaps that are located between adjacent leaves and outside of the aperture. At least one leakage metric is calculated based on the areas of radiation leakage. A setting for at least one of the leaf patterns can be adjusted based on the at least one leakage metric.

Abstract: This invention provides a scan method, scan system and radiation scan controller, and relates to the field of radiation. Wherein, the scan method of this invention comprises: obtaining detection data of an object to be inspected under radiation scanning using a detector; adjusting an accelerator output beam dose rate and/or an output electron beam energy level of a radiation emission device according to the detection data. With this method, working conditions of the accelerator of the radiation emission device may be adjusted according to the detection data detected by the detector, so that for a region having a larger mass thickness, a higher output beam dose rate or a higher electron beam output energy level is adopted to guarantee satisfied imaging technical indexes, for a region having a smaller mass thickness, a lower output beam dose rate or a lower electron beam output energy level is adopted to reduce the environmental dose level while guaranteeing satisfied imaging technical indexes.

Abstract: There is provided a charged particle beam treatment apparatus including an accelerator configured to emit a charged particle beam by accelerating a charged particle, an irradiation unit configured to irradiate an irradiation target with the charged particle beam, a beam transport line configured to transport the charged particle beam emitted from the accelerator, to the irradiation unit, a first dose measurement unit that is disposed inside the irradiation unit so as to measure a first dose of the charged particle beam, and a second dose measurement unit that is disposed in the beam trans port line so as to measure a second dose of the charged particle beam. A response frequency of the second dose measurement unit is higher than a response frequency of the first dose measurement unit.

Abstract: In a method of interactive manipulation of the dose distribution of a radiation treatment plan, after an initial candidate treatment plan has been obtained, a set of clinical goals are transferred into a set of constraints. Each constraint may be expressed in terms of a threshold value for a respective quality index of the dose distribution. The dose distribution can then be modified interactively by modifying the threshold values for the set of constraints. Re-optimization may be performed based on the modified threshold values. A user may assign relative priorities among the set of constraints. When a certain constraint is modified, a re-optimized treatment plan may not violate those constraints that have priorities that are higher than that of the modified constraint, but may violate those constraints that have priorities that are lower than that of the modified constraint.

Abstract: A radiotherapy device control apparatus instructs a radiotherapy device to execute instruction information based on a treatment regimen determined in advance, controls the operations of an irradiation-related instrument provided in the radiotherapy device on the basis of irradiation conditions included in the instruction information, determines whether irradiation is permitted on the basis of results detected by an irradiation target detection unit that detects movement of a target to be irradiated, controls execution and interruption of therapeutic irradiation on the basis of the determined result, stores the history of interruption of irradiation according to the determination by the irradiation permission determination unit, and causes the instrument to run the operations based on the instruction information to completion, regardless of whether irradiation has been interrupted during execution of the instruction information.

Abstract: The present invention relates to positioning a patient's body part including a target relative to an imaging device that generates a radiation beam directed towards the target. Geometry data is received that describes the geometry of at least one structure located in the field of view of the imaging device. Tracking date is received that describes the spatial location and/or orientation of the at least one structure within the field of view of the imaging device. Position data is determined that incorporates the geometry date and the tracking data. The position data describes whether the location and/or orientation of the at least one structure with respect to an image trajectory is desirable. Repositioning data is determined that describes a desired location and/or orientation of the at least one structure with respect to the image trajectory. The repositioning data is output to allow repositioning of the at least one structure.

Abstract: A method and system for anatomical landmark detection in medical images using deep neural networks is disclosed. For each of a plurality of image patches centered at a respective one of a plurality of voxels in the medical image, a subset of voxels within the image patch is input to a trained deep neural network based on a predetermined sampling pattern. A location of a target landmark in the medical image is detected using the trained deep neural network based on the subset of voxels input to the trained deep neural network from each of the plurality of image patches.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for monitoring the radiation delivery during a radiotherapy delivery session and providing a graphical representation of radiation delivery to an operator (e.g., a clinician, a medical physicist, a radiation therapy technologist). The graphics are updated in real-time, as radiation data is collected by the radiotherapy system, and in some variations, can be updated every 15 minutes or less. A variety of graphical representations (“graphics”) can be used to indicate the status of radiation delivery relative to the planned radiation delivery. Methods optionally include calculating a range of acceptable metric values, generating graphics that represent the range of acceptable metrics values, and generating a graphic that depicts the real-time values of those metrics overlaid with the range of acceptable metrics values.

Abstract: A radiation therapy apparatus determines a set of angles that have a tracking quality metric value that satisfies a tracking quality metric criterion. During an alignment phase or a treatment phase for a treatment stage of a target by the radiation therapy apparatus, the radiation therapy apparatus performs selects at least a first angle and a second angle from the set of angles for a first rotation of the gantry. The radiation therapy apparatus generates, using an imaging device mounted to the gantry, a first tracking image of the target from the first angle during the first rotation of the gantry. The radiation therapy apparatus generates, using the imaging device, a second tracking image of the target from the second angle during the first rotation of the gantry. The radiation therapy apparatus performs the target tracking based on the first tracking image and the second tracking image.

Abstract: A system, medium, and method including obtaining a plurality of positions for multiple components defined by a plan; obtaining a set of constraints that express limitations for the multiple components at the plurality of positions, the constraints being applicable to a plan where the multiple components synchronously change their positions with time to traverse a prescribed sequence of the plurality of positions, at least one of the multiple components being further constrained to change its position over time by staying within a predefined tolerance to a predefined smooth function of position over time between different positions; determining a trajectory of position and a minimum duration in which the multiple components completely synchronously traverse the prescribed sequence of positions while satisfying the constraints for the multiple components; and generating a record of the determined trajectory of position and the minimum duration for the plurality of components.

Abstract: The invention provides a particle therapy system in which whether to perform any one irradiation method of a raster scanning method and a discrete spot scanning method can also be selected based on previous selection depending on a target volume 41 of a patient 4 to be irradiated, and either of the irradiation methods of the raster scanning method and the discrete spot scanning method is configured to be capable of being performed by one irradiation apparatus 500. Therefore, a small particle therapy system capable of achieving both higher accuracy irradiation and high dose rate improvement is provided.