Abstract: Methods for improving the delivery of audio driving directions from a voice portal to a caller via a telephone interface are described. These methods provide accurate and clear audio driving directions in a manner that is easy to use. Moreover, caller-provided inputs are responded to quickly.

Abstract: A method of designing a customer interface for a service center, such as an automated speech recognition (ASR) self-service center. Customer activity to an existing service center is monitored, providing customer model, which includes a collection of customer tasks. These tasks are assigned to action-object pairs, which are further assigned to routing destinations. Dialog modules are designed, based on the customer model data, including disambiguation dialogs.

Abstract: A method for changing configuration settings of a telephony system comprises initiating a telephony configuration service, establishing service rights associated with a telephone number. a step for presenting one or more selectable options consistent with the service rights, at least one of which corresponds to a configuration setting change for a call-forwarding task. Additionally, the method includes a step for presenting one or more call-forwarding task options, a step for receiving a selection of at least one of the call-forwarding task options, a step for confirming the selection of at least one of the call-forwarding task options, and changing at least one configuration setting of a telephony system based at least in part upon a received selection of at least one of the call-forwarding task options.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for specifying and obtaining services through audio commands, resulting in a live conversation between a user and a selected service provider using an audio-transmission medium (the telephone). A service seeker locates a service provider by entering a keypad code corresponding to a field of service or by speaking the name of a profession, which is recognized by the system. The seeker can then specify, via voice or keypad entry, a price range, quality rating, language, and keyword descriptors of the service provider, such as a service provider code number. In response, the system offers currently available service providers. Once an available service provider is selected, the system connects the service seeker with the service provider for a live conversation. The system bills the seeker for the time spent conversing with the service provider and compensates the service provider accordingly.

Abstract: A technique for producing speech output in an automatic dialog system in accordance with a detected context is provided. Communication is received from a user at the automatic dialog system. A context of the communication from the user is detected in a context detector of the automatic dialog system. A message is created in a natural language generator of the automatic dialog system in communication with the context detector. The message is conveyed to the user through a speech synthesis system of the automatic dialog system, in communication with the natural language generator and the context detector. Responsive to a detected level of ambient noise, the context detector provides at least one command in a markup language to cause the natural language generator to create the message using maximally intelligible words and to cause the speech synthesis system to convey the message with increased volume and decreased speed.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a system authenticates a caller before providing the caller with access to one or more secured resources. Identification and verification data is stored during system enrollment of known persons. A processing system, in a current call initiated by a caller and prior to identification of the caller, receives voice-based information for the caller including a digital representation of a telephone number spoken by the caller in the current call, the received information including voice-based identification information and voice-based verification information for the caller. The processing system automatically compares the received identification information and the received verification information for the caller with the stored identification and verification data for known persons, respectively, to uniquely identify and verify the identity of the caller as a particular known person. The processing system authenticates the caller for access to the one or more secured resources in response.

Abstract: A method and system for an automated departure strategy from an automated system includes a track engine and an error engine. The track engine allows for the tracking and storing of one or more utterances spoken by a caller in response to one or more prompts. In addition, the track engine classifies each of the utterances with a confidence level. The error engine determines when one of the utterances initiates an error condition and transfers the caller to an operator on the occurrence of the error condition. In addition to transferring the caller to the operator, the error engine plays to the operator an error utterance, causing the error condition, and a preceding utterance, preceding the error utterance. Furthermore, the error engine populates an operator screen with information provided by the caller in the utterances for utterances classified with a high level of confidence.

Abstract: A system and method of automatically classifying a communication involving at least one human, e.g., a human-to-human telephone conversation, into predefined categories of interest, e.g., “angry customer, etc. The system automatically, or semi-automatically with user interaction, expanding user input into semantically equivalent events. The system recognizes these events, each of which is given a confidence level, and classifies the telephone conversation based on an overall confidence level. In some embodiments, a different base unit is utilized. Instead of recognizing individual words, the system recognizes composite words, each of which is pre-programmed as an atomic unit, in a given context. The recognition includes semantically relevant composite words and contexts automatically generated by the system.

Abstract: Call routing systems and methods are provided. A particular routing method comprises decoding a message based on an incoming call to determine whether a live agent is required. When a live agent is not required, a destination interactive voice response (IVR) application is identified, a determination of whether the destination IVR application is VoiceXML capable is made, and the incoming call is sent to the destination IVR application when the destination IVR application is VoiceXML capable. When the destination IVR application is not VoiceXML capable, a determination of whether the destination IVR application is capable of supporting an external data interface is made, and incoming call session data is routed to the destination IVR application when the destination IVR application is capable of supporting the external data interface.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multimodal network community system capable of transmitting a message to and collecting responses from multiple specific persons in a short period of time and a method of controlling the same, which can transmit a notice (message) to and collect responses from a plurality of members of a specific group or groups in a short period of time according to a predefined procedure via various methods, such as a telephone call, an email, a text message, a web message, an instant message and a voice message, and can collect the results of the recipients' reception of the message and responses via various communication means, automatically arrange them in a database and transmit them to a message transmitter, so that the message transmitter can simultaneously transmit a desired message to a number of persons at one time, the recipients can perfectly receive the message via communication means set by them with a high probability of success and in a timely manner, and a message relay servi

Abstract: A distributed interactive voice processing system is disclosed that distributes IVR capabilities to one or more agent terminals associated with a call center. One or more agent terminals support the traditional functions of a live agent, as well as additional IVR capabilities to support the functions of a virtual or automated agent. A call management system manages the distributed IVR resources by monitoring the availability status of the live and automated IVR agents in the distributed interactive voice processing system and distributing telephone calls and other types of communications to the appropriate agents. The availability status of the automated IVR agents is based on estimated available CPU cycles on the agent terminal. A received call is routed to the extension on the agent terminal associated with the selected IVR channel.

Abstract: A method for direct marketing comprising establishing a first communications link between a prospective customer using a device having a unique identification number and a communications device, automatically transmitting the unique identification number associated with the prospective customer's device to the communications device, establishing a second communications link between the communications device and a computer operably connected to a memory apparatus having a prospective customer database comprising prospective customer information associated with the unique identification number of the prospective customer's device, in which the information in the database determines prospective customer value which can be used to determine subsequent operations and marketing actions with the prospective customer.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for obtaining statistics from the use of a voice application. More particularly, the invention may comprise an interception engine that is configured to receive a document from an IVR application server and inject a marker(s) into the document, and pass the document on to an IVR browser. The interception engine is further configured to receive a response document from the IVR browser, remove the marker results, and pass the document on to the IVR application server. The marker results are used to create statistical information useful in the analysis of the operation of the voice application in the IVR system. In an exemplary embodiment, the markers are used in connection with a map of the call flow of the voice application.

Abstract: A method (100) of dynamically assigning a plurality of voice ports and arranging a plurality of menu choice prompting sequences for at least one application includes the step of receiving (102) a plurality of incoming calls and monitoring (104) at least one among a recognition error rate for each menu option and execution path, a success rate for completing a desired transaction and an associated origination number, and monitoring frequently used menu options. In response to the monitoring steps, at least one of the menu choice prompting sequences among the plurality of menu choice prompting sequences can be rearranged (110) and at least one voice port among the plurality of voice ports can be reassigned (114).

Abstract: The present invention is a computer system and method that manages connections between one or more data network interfaces and one or more phone interfaces. A manager process, running on a computer system having both data and phone network interfaces, receives one or more telephone calls from one or more users over one of the phone interfaces and than accesses one or more profiles associated with each of the users. These profiles have one or more service identifiers and one or more interactive response agent (IRA) identifiers associated with the respective user. A menu of the service identifiers is presented to the user. The system then looks up an agent address of one of the IRAs that is associated with the service identifier selected by the user from the menu and establishes a session with the associated IRA. Having done this a two-way communication with the associated IRA occurs during the session.

Abstract: A method and system for creating automated voice response menus for telecommunications services includes the creation of a task for the menu. The menu includes a group of pre-recorded messages assembled in manner to complete the task. The menu retrieves certain required inputs and certain optional inputs from a subscriber of the telecommunications service. The menu does not permit the user to provide other inputs or to select other menus. Instead, the menu uses straight-line processing to direct the user towards task completion. Once the task is complete, the user is immediately exited from the system.

Abstract: A method of presenting instructions to a user sending an incoming communication to a service center includes presenting a menu to the user. The menu includes a plurality of procedure descriptors to the user. The user is presented, according to a selection of one of the procedure descriptors by the user, a sequence of instructions which enable completion of a procedure described by the selected procedure descriptor. The incoming communication is transferred at a position in the sequence of instructions to a representative. The incoming communication is also transferred back to the same position in the sequence of instructions.

Abstract: A system to telephonically access information related with items printed on a physical document. Items marked on the physical document or on any other physical surface is touched with a finger. The system includes a touch foil placed over (or under) the document, for reading the coordinates of selected marked items, a telephone set for receiving the coordinates of the items selected by the user and for dialing to an interactive voice response (IVR) service used for accessing and retrieving selected hyperlinked documents from the web through a documents proxy server, for converting retrieved documents to synthesized speech, and for providing to the user through the telephone network, the selected documents that have been converted into speech.

Abstract: A home office communication system (10) has a control and display system (16). A modem (12) is controlled by the control and display system (16) and connected to a telephone line (14). A multiplexer (18) is connected to the modem (12) and multiplexes a plurality of outgoing data streams in a predefined format and demultiplexes an incoming data stream from the modem (12). A speech encoding system (20) generates a plurality of speech packets to form one of the plurality of outgoing data streams. A telephone line control system (22) venerates a plurality of control packets forming one of the plurality of outgoing data streams and an information channel (24) forms one of the plurality of outgoing data streams.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating appropriate confirmatory prompts in a speech-enabled, interactive computer system. The method can be incorporated in an interactive voice response system that includes receiving an input audio stream over a voice channel from a users, performing keyword recognition on received input audio as subsequent input audio is being received, and prompting the user with an acknowledgement of the keyword or keywords as subsequent input audio is being received. In another aspect of the method, the volume of the speech input can be continuously monitored. In a further aspect of the method, recognition results and associated confidence values can be combined to select different confirmatory prompts, and the volume is tailored to be the same as, louder than or quieter than the volume of the speech input, so that different types of confirmation can be automatically generated to produce a natural speech-enabled interface.

Abstract: A system, method and software for facilitating a speech-enabled call routing application using an action-object matrix is disclosed. In operation, a natural language user utterance may be evaluated to identify an action and object available in an action-object matrix indicating transactions or operations available to a user. Depending upon the contents of the natural language user utterance, additional prompts and/or a disambiguation dialogue may be effected to elicit an available action-object combination selection from the user. Following identification of an action-object combination from the natural language user utterance, the action-object matrix may cooperate with a look-up table to identify an appropriate use routing destination. Following identification of an appropriate routing destination, the user connection may be routed to a service agent or module configured to facilitate the user selected transaction as indicated by the action-object combination.

Abstract: A system and process for enabling a communication device having computing capability, a user interface and display, to conduct two-way voice communications between a user and a remote party over a communication link in such a manner that the remote party speaks but the user does not, is presented. In general, a series of menus listing potential responses is displayed on the display of the communication device. In addition, there are a plurality of backchanneling responses provided that the user can select. These responses are employed by the user to communicate with the remote party, rather than speaking. This is accomplished by the user selecting one of the available responses. Once a selection has been made, a pre-recorded voice snippet corresponding to the selected response is accessed. The accessed voice snippet is then played back and transmitted to the remote party over the communication link.

Abstract: The invention discloses a web communicating device, within which a web communicating function and a briefing controller function are coexisted, and a central processing unit is provided for processing the voice signal of a web communication and the control signal of a briefing controller is a way, such that a priority choice may be made for handling either mode in time; according to the invention, an online communication may be made by dialing a keypad to receive an agreement of the counter part, and the message may be further displayed on a display by changing the voice frequency through a voice control module; under a briefing mode, the briefing page may be controlled by the keypad, one key of which can make a lighting module emit visible light, in the meantime, the coming communication being hold or rejected through a preset function.

Abstract: A spoken dialog system and method having a dialog management module are disclosed. The dialog management module includes a plurality of dialog motivators for handling various operations during a spoken dialog. The dialog motivators comprise an error handling, disambiguation, assumption, confirmation, missing information, and continuation. The spoken dialog system uses the assumption dialog motivator in either a-priori or a-posteriori modes. A-priori assumption is based on predefined requirements for the call flow and a-posteriori assumption can work with the confirmation dialog motivator to assume the content of received user input and confirm received user input.

Abstract: A subscriber terminal is provided for speech-to-text translation. Speech packets are received at a broadband telephony interface and stored in a buffer. The speech packets are processed and textual representations thereof are displayed as words on a display device. Speech processing is activated and deactivated in response to a command from a subscriber.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for switching contexts within a spoken dialog between a user and a spoken dialog system. The spoken dialog system utilizes modular subdialogs that are invoked by at least one flow controller that is a finite state model and that associated with a dialog manager. The spoken dialog system includes a dialog manager with a flow controller and a reusable subdialog module. The method includes, while the spoken dialog is being controlled by the subdialog module that was invoked by the flow controller, receiving context-changing input associated with speech from a user that changes a dialog context and comparing the context-changing input to at least one context shift. And, if any of the context shifts are activated by the comparing step, then passing control of the spoken dialog to the flow controller with context shift message and destination state.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention provides a system and method for enabling a user to more easily navigate an IVR menu by, for example, displaying to the user a visual representation of the IVR menu.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for providing a telecommunications services menu accessible via a voice interactive system, such as a voice services node. A subscriber accesses a voice communications menu by accessing a voice services node. The voice services node queries a customer profile database to obtain a list of telecommunications services available to the subscriber. At the voice services node, a voice prompt is constructed for providing the subscriber a voice menu of the available services. After the subscriber receives the voice prompt of menu items, the subscriber may select a service from the provided menu.

Abstract: A dialog manager and spoken dialog service having a dialog manager generated according to a method comprising selecting a top level flow controller based on application type, selecting available reusable subdialogs for each application part, developing a subdialog for each application part not having an available subdialog and testing and deploying the spoken dialog service using the selected top level flow controller, selected reusable subdialogs and developed subdialogs. The dialog manager capable of handling context shifts in a spoken dialog with a user. Application dependencies are established in the top level flow controller thus enabling the subdialogs to be reusable and to be capable of managing context shifts and mixed initiative dialogs.

Abstract: A system, method and software for facilitating a speech-enabled call routing application using an action-object matrix is disclosed. In operation, a natural language user utterance may be evaluated to identify an action and object available in an action-object matrix indicating transactions or operations available to a user. Depending upon the contents of the natural language user utterance, additional prompts and/or a disambiguation dialogue may be effected to elicit an available action-object combination selection from the user. Following identification of an action-object combination from the natural language user utterance, the action-object matrix may cooperate with a look-up table to identify an appropriate use routing destination. Following identification of an appropriate routing destination, the user connection may be routed to a service agent or module configured to facilitate the user selected transaction as indicated by the action-object combination.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating appropriate confirmatory prompts in a speech-enabled, interactive computer system. The method can be incorporated in an interactive voice response system that includes receiving an input audio stream over a voice channel from a users, performing keyword recognition on received input audio as subsequent input audio is being received, and prompting the user with an acknowledgement of the keyword or keywords as subsequent input audio is being received. In another aspect of the method, the volume of the speech input can be continuously monitored. In a further aspect of the method, recognition results and associated confidence values can be combined to select different confirmatory prompts, and the volume is tailored to be the same as, louder than or quieter than the volume of the speech input, so that different types of confirmation can be automatically generated to produce a natural speech-enabled interface.

Abstract: A method for facilitating incoming and outgoing calls in a mobile communication system using a server or software located on a third-party server is provided. An electronic attendant allows users to perform various tasks using one or more speech terminals coupled to the server through a public and private communications network. The method also provides for access to a corporate information system (“CIS”) using the one or more speech terminals. The server recognizes both voice and digital signals from the speech terminals. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract that will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

Abstract: In exemplary embodiments, a universal messaging adapter provides hands-free operation of a communications device. The adapter communicates with the communications device, and in some embodiments, with a peripheral device such as another communications device, a headset, and other devices. The universal messaging adapter allows a user to use voice commands so that the user does not have to handle the communications device. The universal messaging adapter receives voice commands from a user interface and translates the voice commands to commands recognized by the communications device. The universal messaging adapter also monitors the communications device to detect communications device events and provides notice of the events to the user. Still further, the universal messaging adapter presents customized voice messaging tools that enable a portable voice messaging service that the user may use with a plurality of communications devices.

Abstract: A system and method for quality of service management within a call handling system is disclosed. The method discloses: initiating a dialog between a contact and an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) module; matching the contact with a predefined contact category; retrieving a predefined quality of service level associated with the contact category; and processing the dialog in accordance with the quality of service level. The system discloses means for effecting the method.

Abstract: A system and method may provide processing of a communication request for establishing a communication session to communicate signals between an interactive voice response device and a first communication device over a network, identifying a monitoring request requesting monitoring of the communication session, and instructing establishment of a monitoring session for conferencing a second communication device into the communication session to receive the signals communicated between the interactive voice response device and the first communication device at the second communication device.

Abstract: Personalized voice survey delivery systems and methods in which a computer identifies a person to be surveyed, including his or her phone number or Internet login to a specific website, or email address, together with specific identifiers for the person, such as the person's name. The person's phone number is dialed and when the call is answered, the computer concatenates the files having the digitized identifiers such as the person's name, with the file that is the standard message to be delivered as the initial survey content. Computer-generated personalized voice messages are created by concatenating data files of audio that were pre-recorded in the voice of an individual whose live voice is to be simulated during the delivery of the voice survey.

Abstract: A method for preparing and automatically updating a greeting on a voice mail system comprising receiving a call to a voice mailbox, selecting a greeting template based on one or more conditions, identifying greeting parameters present within the greeting template, retrieving values for the greeting parameters, and generating a greeting using the values of the greeting parameters in accordance with the greeting template. The method allows the voice mailbox user to better manage incoming calls when the user is not available to accept them. The method further provides a benefit to the caller by providing a greeting that contains information tailored to benefit the caller, thereby helping the caller to decide, for example, whether or not to leave a voice mail message in the user's voice mailbox.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for reporting speech recognition failures. The method includes detecting pure speech data from input speech data and outputting the detected pure speech data; checking at least one speech recognition failure for the pure speech data; and ascertaining speech recognition failure reasons from a check-result for the speech recognition failures and outputting the ascertained speech recognition failure reasons.

Abstract: A visually-impaired person possessing a GPS-equipped cellular phone, or other mobile communications device, who wants to know their location, uses the cellular phone to call a location-announcement service. In response, the service queries the GPS receiver for the person's geographical coordinates, translates the coordinates into user-friendly information that is readily understandable by the person, and announces the user-friendly information to the person via the cellular phone, all without human involvement.

Abstract: A unified messaging interface and associated methods that enables mobile communication device users to initiate the creation of a message for a recipient without being required to explicitly specify the type of message that is to be created. The mobile communication device supports multiple message types, such as voice, text, and picture messages. The user begins providing message content to the communication device by, for example, speaking, entering text, or clicking a shutter of a camera. The unified messaging interface detects the nature of the content and creates a corresponding type of message. The user can indicate a desire to create and send a message by performing “one-click” action. The one-click action is an operation performed on the device that can be instantiated as a single button-press on the keypad; selection of a single soft key by depressing a button on the keypad or touching the screen of the device; or issuance of a single voice command.

Abstract: Methods and systems directed to telephone number retrieval are provided. A terminal requests a telephone number from a telephone number service. A voice response comprising the telephone number is received from the telephone number service. A feature vector sequence is stored in memory of the terminal as a reference pattern for the received voice response. The voice response has designated words between and among numbers of the telephone number. A keyword spotting routine searches for the designated words. Connecting words, located between and among designated words, comprising the telephone number are extracted and stored in a buffer. A number recognizer analyzes contents of the buffer. The number recognizer outputs a recognized telephone number for display on a terminal and/or storage in memory for future use.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for building a training set for an automated speech recognition-based system, which determines the statistically optimal number of frequently requested responses to automate in order to achieve a desired automation rate. The invention may be used to select the appropriate tokens and responses to train the system and to achieve a desired “phrase coverage” for all of the many different ways human beings may phrase a request that calls for one of a plurality of frequently-requested responses. The invention also determines the statistically optimal number of tokens (spoken requests) required to train a speech recognition-based system to achieve the desired phrase coverage and optimal allocation of tokens over the set of responses that are to be automated.

Abstract: Declarative markup languages for speech applications such as VoiceXML are becoming more prevalent programming modalities for describing speech applications. Present declarative markup languages for speech applications model the running speech application as a state machine with the program specifying the transitions amongst the states. These languages can be extended to support a marker-semantic to more easily solve several problems that are otherwise not easily solved. In one embodiment, a partially overlapping target window is implemented using a mark semantic. Other uses include measurement of user listening time, detection and avoidance of errors, and better resumption of playback after a false barge in.

Abstract: The present invention provides for efficient monitoring of operator services calls. A packet gateway is provided in association with a telephony switch, such that circuit-switched connections through a switching fabric of the telephony switch are supported by the packet gateway. The packet gateway provides an interface between the switching fabric and a packet network, which supports operator terminals as well as monitor terminals from which interactions between operators and callers may be monitored. Upon setting up the circuit-switched connection for the operator services call, the gateway will establish voice sessions with both the operator terminal and the monitor terminal. The voice sessions with the operator terminal facilitate bi-directional communications with the caller via the circuit-switched connection over the packet fabric. The voice interaction between the caller and operator is provided to the monitor terminal over another voice session for monitoring by the monitor.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to enable a speaker to visually confirm whether or not his voice has reached a listener. In order to achieve this objective, in the present invention, the listener terminal generates a reception result for voice data, and the talker terminal displays the reception state based on this reception result. It is a further objective of the present invention to enable conversational timing to be achieved easily. In order to achieve this objective, in the present invention, the talker terminal sends utterance data prior to sending voice data, this utterance data being shorter than the voice data. The listener terminal displays the talker terminal's utterance based on this utterance data. Another objective of the present invention is to deliver voice data from the talker terminal to a particular listener terminal only, without having to form a private group.

Abstract: An interactive voice response system that allows a caller to perform a series of sequential tasks based on an instruction set. The caller is queried after each instruction to ensure that the caller has successfully completed all of the steps. Additionally, provisions are provided to automatically pause the instruction set and present reminders to the caller. Further the caller may elect to repeat instructions, back up the instruction set, receive additional details, transfer to a service representative, or receive summary information.

Abstract: The present invention is an item location system which relies upon voice activation and responsiveness to identify location(s) of item(s) sought by a user. The system includes a continuous speech recognition digital signal processor, a programmable microprocessor interfaced therewith, voice input and user feedback mechanisms, including audio and/or video feedback. Preferred embodiments utilize audio feedback to the user. The system also includes sufficient software and equipment to create item-identification/corresponding location-identification data pairs by utilizing item identifying bar codes on the items and matching them to location identifying bar codes physically situated on the corresponding locations. The continuous speech recognition engine utilizes Hidden Markov Models to create real time continuous speech recognition and feedback.

Abstract: A human operator's voice is artificially varied prior to transmission to a remote caller. In one example, the operator indicates target speech content (e.g., actual speech, pre-prepared text, manually entered text) to a speech processing facility, which enunciates the target speech content with an output voice that exhibits prescribed speech characteristics (e.g., accent, dialect, speed, vocabulary, word choice, male/female, timbre, speaker age, fictional character, speech particular to people of a particular geographic region or socioeconomic status or other grouping). Another example is an automated call processing system, where an output voice is selected for each incoming call and information is interactively presented to callers using the output voice selected for their respective calls.

Abstract: A voice response unit (VRU) includes a silent prompt feature in the form of an intentional delay inserted after a message is given to a caller, during which delay the caller may invoke alternative processing or interrupt current processing. If appropriate alternative or interrupt commands are not received during the delay period, then processing continues as provided in accordance with the previously played message. The duration of this silent prompt delay is carefully selected to provide sufficient response time for the caller to request alternative processing, while avoiding a perceptible or objectionable delay to the average caller not requiring alternative processing. Optimally, this delay period should be within a range of one to two and one-half seconds and, preferably, within a range of 1.2 to 2.3 seconds, an optimal time being 1.8 seconds.

Abstract: A signal monitoring apparatus and method involving devices for monitoring signals representing communications traffic, devices for identifying at least one predetermined parameter by analyzing the context of the at least one monitoring signal, a device for recording the occurrence of the identified parameter, a device for identifying the traffic stream associated with the identified parameter, a device for analyzing the recorded data relating to the occurrence, and a device, responsive to the analysis of the recorded data, for controlling the handling of communications traffic within the apparatus.