Abstract: Image data representing a two-dimensional image is stored in N data storage devices driven in parallel. The two-dimensional image is divided into small divisional areas arranged in rectilinearly oriented lines and rows such that the number of areas in each line is equal to 2N and the number of areas in each row is equal to or less than 2N. The small divisional areas are stored in the N data storage devices such that no more than two of the areas in the same line are stored in the same storage device and no more of than two of the areas in the same row are stored in the same storage device. Additionally, two areas from the same line which are stored in the same storage device are positioned either adjacent to one another in the line or at opposite ends of the line and two areas from the same row which are stored in the same storage device are positioned either adjacent to one another in the row or at opposite ends of the row.

Abstract: A method of efficiently transferring data during image transformations performed by a multiprocessor (10). A bounding box (35) is defined for source data to be transferred to the multiprocessor (10) for processing. The dimensions of the bounding box (35) are derived from the dimensions of an associated block (30) in destination space and from the transform coefficients. The bounding box dimensions may be calculated so as to provide the most efficient transfers.

Abstract: At the encoding side, a sum of code lengths of a block is calculated and stored in a memory for each of block lines (stripes); and at the decoding side, when decoding of one block is completed, a head address of a code in the next block is calculated utilizing a sum of an amount of codes utilized for the decoding operation and code lengths for each of the stripes. The rotation process of an image utilizing encoded data is performed in accordance with the head address. Further, at the encoding side, colors of pixels in a predetermined block is determined, and encoding operation is performed block by block for only those blocks including pixels of different colors. At the decoding side, an address of block data for sequentially constructing a rotated image is controlled to decode the pixels in the block, and finally the rotation process is performed on the pixels in the block in accordance with the color of the pixels.

Abstract: In the present invention, an image is registered as a model image by setting a window after calculating a main axis angle of the model image stored in an image memory, the main axis angle being defined on a display screen, and then rotating the model image so that the main axis angle becomes a predetermined angle.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of fingerprint verification that includes the steps of capturing a complete fingerprint of a number of enrollees; capturing a portion of a claimant's fingerprint, where the portion is less than an entire fingerprint; dividing the portion of the claimant's fingerprint into a number of segments; comparing each of the segments against the fingerprint of the enrollee the claimant claims to be; generating a correlation score for each of the segments; calculating a distance error for the segments; combining the distance errors into an average distance error; generating a verification vector based on each of the correlation scores for each of the segments and the distance error; establishing a threshold vector; and comparing the verification vector against the threshold vector in order to determine whether or not the claimant is the enrollee the claimant claims to be.

Abstract: A system and method accommodate several image orientation modes in a single software driver. The driver utilizes the same software instructions for each orientation mode in order to transfer image information to display memory. The driver instructions which transfer the image information to display memory utilize parameters to determine where each successive pixel of information goes in the display memory. These parameters are set at the time an orientation mode is selected, and the use of these parameters by the driver allows the same instructions to be used for each mode.

Abstract: In the image data processing of the digital copying machine (M), number of blocks Bn of image data in auxiliary scanning direction is set to the number of expanders (30, 31) Dn times a natural number N (N.times.Dn). This configuration makes it possible to utilize the (30, 31) expanders efficiently regardless of whether the image is to be rotated by 90.degree. or not when expanding compressed image data and printing the image. Thus such a situation that the expanders (30, 31) are forced to suspend the expanding operation does not occur, making it possible to start printing earlier and improve the printing speed. In the image reader 1 of the digital copying machine (M), when dividing image data corresponding to original document into a plurality of blocks and compressing the image data in the unit of block, length of the original document in the auxiliary scanning direction is estimated from width of the original document (size in principal scanning direction).

Abstract: A system for translating a portrait-oriented software address to a portrait-oriented yet landscape-configured display address. The system includes a central processing unit (CPU), a display device and an address translation system. The CPU generates a software address. Based on the orientation of the display device, the address translation system either passes the software address "as is" or translates the address to represent a portrait-oriented display address. The address translation system translates according to the functions L=in (H.sub.D)/in 2 and M=in (W.sub.D)/in 2, wherein H.sub.D is the landscape-oriented display device pixel height and W.sub.D is the landscape-oriented display device pixel width. L represents the number of least significant software address bits to translate as most significant physical address bits, and M represents the number of most significant software address bits to invert and translate as least significant physical address bits.

Abstract: A facsimile apparatus for recording an image on a fixed-size recording paper sheet includes a memory circuit for storing a received image, an effective data area recognition circuit for obtaining an effective data area of the received image, and a magnification circuit for determining a magnification of the received image by comparing the effective data area and a recording paper sheet size.

Abstract: A method which may be implemented in a library routine for performing an image transformation. First, a plurality of groups of bits are selected, with each group being from a different row and the rows being aligned in the same column in an image. Next, a logical operation is performed to set to zero all of the bits in the group except for the designated position of the column to be transformed. Finally, each of the groups or rows are compared to a template, and a single bit indicating the result of such comparison is stored in a result register.

Abstract: A finisher connected to a digital copying machine includes a folding device for folding output paper into Z shape, a binding device for binding a sheaf of the papers into a preset size, and a control unit that determines whether image property will be affected or not when the images are printed on the A4 size paper, and print on the A3 size paper and fold the A3 paper into the Z-shape if it is determined that the property will be affected. Therefore, even if the original document size is different from the exclusive use cover size, the finisher provides good legibility of the characters printing its output automatically on paper of a proper size matching the exclusive use cover. In other words, good-looking bookbinding can be easily accomplished for documents of varying sizes without manually adjusting enlargement/reduction factors.

Abstract: There is provided a stamp-making method and apparatus therefor for making a square or circular stamp which can be accurately imprinted with reference to a top-indicating mark provided thereon, without discriminating the orientation of the stamp image engraved on the stamp surface thereof. There is formed first direction-oriented image data having each of a plurality of component elements of plate-making image data oriented in a first direction. When it is detected that it is difficult to discriminate orientation of the stamp body having the mark without reference to the mark, an instruction is given for arranging the image data in a manner oriented in a second direction. According to the instruction, the first direction-oriented image data is converted to a second direction-oriented image data in which the component elements of the plating-making image data are oriented in the second direction. A stamp body is engraved by the use of the second direction-oriented image data to thereby make a stamp.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and apparatus for the fast rotation of binary images represented as a run length encoded data stream. The system employs a cache memory for efficiently representing parsed RLE data in a rotated orientation, where only the white-black transition points are recorded. Subsequently, the cache memory is further processed using a logic operation to fill in the runs between the recorded transition points during concurrent transfer of the image data to a band of page buffer memory. The process is repeated for a plurality of bands to complete the rotation/decoding process for an entire bitmap image.

Abstract: A method and system for resizing images in a computer system. A plurality of buffers are dynamically created in the memory of the computer system. Among the created buffers are a horizontal sampling buffer and two vertical sampling buffers. The horizontal sampling buffer is filled with data from a plurality of rows of the source image. The horizontal sampling buffer is composed of sub-buffers, each constituting a subset of the horizontal sampling buffer. Each sub-buffer is bytewise transposed to provide easy access to different channels of the image data. A filter is then applied to the transposed data with a result being stored in another buffer. The filtered data is then retransposed to assume its original configuration. The retransposed data is stored in a vertical sampling buffer previously created. The foregoing steps are repeated to fill a second vertical sampling buffer.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and apparatus for the efficient processing of binary images represented as a run length encoded data stream. The system employs a CPU and cache or other memory for efficiently scaling or scaling and rotating parsed RLE date. Subsequently, the scaled RLE data can be decoded to produce a scaled image bitmap.

Abstract: There is disclosed an image communication apparatus, such as a facsimile apparatus, with function of displaying the received image. The apparatus is provided with a memory unit and a control unit, and is capable of storing the received image and displaying it upside down by the unit of a page, in order to facilitate the viewing of the image in case it is erroneously sent upside down.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and apparatus for the rotation of images in conjunction with a block-wise, variable-length data compression operation. In a preferred embodiment, the rotation of image blocks on a microscopic level is accomplished independently from the rotation of the blocks themselves (macroscopic), stored in electronic precollation memory and the rotated image produced upon decompression of the stored rotated data.

Abstract: A system for translating a portrait-oriented software address to a portrait-oriented yet landscape-configured display address. The system includes a central processing unit (CPU), a display device and an address translation system. The CPU generates a software address. Based on the orientation of the display device, the address translation system either passes the software address "as is" or translates the address to represent a portrait-oriented display address. The address translation system translates according to the functions L=ln(H.sub.D)/ln 2 and M=ln(W.sub.D)/ln 2, wherein H.sub.D is the landscape-oriented display device pixel height and W.sub.D is the landscape-oriented display device pixel width. L represents the number of least significant software address bits to translate as most significant physical address bits, and M represents the number of most significant software address bits to invert and translate as least significant physical address bits.

Abstract: A method for rotating bi-level image data plus or minus 90.degree.. An 8.times.8 pixel block is selected for rotation from the image data and, using lookup tables, an intermediate matrix is generated dynamically and stored into two 32-bit registers in the processor. Generation of the intermediate matrix partially rotates and stores the odd-numbered rows from the block of data in the first 32-bit register and the even-numbered rows from the block in the second 32-bit register. The first and second registers are copied, respectively, into third and fourth 32-bit registers. The first and second registers are then shifted one bit in opposite directions. The first register is logical ORed with the fourth register, and the second register is logical ORed with the third register so that the even bits are replaced in one register and the odd bits in the other. These steps are repeated for all remaining blocks of image data.

Abstract: In an image signal processing portion, the size of an original papersheet is detected, and image data is provided with respect to a memory unit. The size of a copy papersheet is detected using a detecting sensor, not shown. Data of an original image is read out by a CCD to be stored in an image memory. When printing is carried out based on the image data, the feeding directions and the sizes of the original papersheet and the copy papersheet are taken into consideration. When the feeding directions of the original and the copy papersheet are the same, only a variable-scale magnification processing portion is activated to carry out only a variable-scale magnification processing. When the feeding directions of the original papersheet and the copy papersheet are different, a rotation and a variable-scale magnification of an image signal are carried out by a rotation processing portion and the variable-scale magnification processing portion.

Abstract: An output apparatus to generate a decoration rule pattern comprises: a memory to store data indicative of a kind of pattern to be generated and data indicative of an output position of the pattern; and a making circuit to make a pattern on the basis of the data indicative of the kind of the pattern to be generated and the data indicative of the output position which are stored in the memory, wherein the making circuit continuously makes a plurality of units of the pattern to be generated, makes a rotation pattern (rotated version) of the unit, and makes a pattern of an edge portion of the pattern to be generated from the unit. With the apparatus, a decoration rule pattern can be drawn at the high speed and with high quality by rotating a pattern and repetitively generating a pattern.

Abstract: A duplex copier composed of a reading device which reads the image information written on the original document, which is set on the platen glass, a converting device for converting the image information read by the reading device to a digital signal, an image processor which processes the digital signal in predetermined manner, a copy machine having a duplex copy unit for making duplex copy, and an automatic document feeder which feeds the original document into the platen glass. The duplex copier is controlled to rotate the orientation of the image from that of the first side of the original by 90.degree. or 180.degree. when the image of the original is formed on the duplex copy sheet in various predetermined modes.

Abstract: In a digital copying machine, a document image is read and the document image is reproduced on a paper. If a document has a size which does not limit a direction of document on a platen For reading the document image, the document type of portrait or landscape is decided according to the direction of document on the platen. If a user sets a document type, the setting by the user may have priority than the decision according to the document direction. If a document has a size which can be set only along a specified direction for reading the document image, it is requested for a user to set the document direction (portrait document or a landscape document). Then, for example, a margin can be set suitably according to the document type.

Abstract: In a circuit for rotating a digital image any multiple of ninety degrees, an addressing method which reduces the number of address lines required. The rotation circuit relies on a memory configuation which can access each image pixel in memory individually, and this normally requires a large number of address lines. This invention takes advantage of the periodic nature of the data being accessed to reduce the number of address lines required.

Abstract: A method for rotating an image clockwise or counter clockwise by ninety degrees in place in an image buffer with a small auxiliary buffer is disclosed. The image, defined by a rectangular pattern of H lines with each line having W pixels, is segmented into square blocks of N pixels per row and N lines per column. The image is stored in an image buffer, and each square block of pixels in the image buffer is rotated by ninety degrees. A starting memory location in the image buffer is selected from a set of starting memory locations, and a memory word at the selected starting memory location is copied into a memory word of a temporary storage buffer. A replacement memory location in the image buffer is determined for the memory word in the temporary storage buffer, which is swapped with a memory word at the replacement memory location.

Abstract: Image retrieving and storing processes by a mark sheet are facilitated. It is determined whether or not a mark sheet is directed in a correct direction by determining the positional relation between a direction discriminating mark and mark sheet identifying marks. If the mark sheet is directed in a wrong direction, the direction of the mark sheet is corrected. If it is determined in a primary retrieval operation that there are a plurality of candidate images, a mark sheet for a second retrieving operation is output.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus having a function for rotating image data stored in a memory by 90.degree. while preventing deterioration of image quality. Upon image reading, if the line density in a subscanning direction is lower than the pixel density in a main-scanning direction, the line density is raised close to the pixel density. The reading control is performed in accordance with possibility of 90.degree. rotation of image in a destination apparatus or a specific size of an original image. This attains efficient use of image memory.

Abstract: An image recoder capable of automatically correcting irregularities in the orientation of an image among reproductions. A direction of characters in an input image is determined by character recognition. The orientation of an output image corresponding to the input image is automatically changed, so that all the reproductions are oriented in the same direction. When an image should be rotated 90 degrees or 270 degrees, it is automatically reduced or changed in layout to accommodate the entire output image in a recordable range.

Abstract: An image forming method and apparatus in which digital image data is stored in a memory and read out of the memory to form images on copy sheets in a first image orientation or in a second image orientation rotated through 180.degree. with respect to the first image orientation, first image data relating to images to be formed in the first orientation being stored in the memory in ascending address sequence, starting from the first free memory address, and second image data relating to images to be formed in the second orientation being stored in the memory in descending address sequence, starting from the last free memory address, while reading out from the memory is effected in ascending address sequence for both the first and the second image data.

Abstract: To rotate a multivalued source picture image consisting of picture data arranged in N rows.times.(m gradations*N) columns 90 degrees, calculating a maximum value of a transposition mode L according to an equation M=[log.sub.2 N], repeatedly selecting an A-th row by increasing a row number A in increments of 1 in the range k*2.sup.L .ltoreq.A.ltoreq.k*2.sup.L +2.sup.L-1 -1 in an inner loop and increasing a value k in increments of 1 in the range 0.ltoreq.k.ltoreq.N/2.sup.L -1 in a middle loop while increasing the transposition mode L in increments of 1 in the range of 1 to M in an outer loop, selecting a B-th row according to an equation B=A+2.sup.L-1 each time the A-th row is selected, transposing the picture data A(j) arranged at j-th columns of the A-th row to A'(j) and the picture data. A(j+m*2.sup.L-1) to B'(j) arranged at the B-th row in the range p*m*2.sup.L .ltoreq.j.ltoreq.p*m*2.sup.L +m*2.sup.L-1 -1 and 0.ltoreq.p.ltoreq.N/2.sup.

Abstract: A document is scanned by an optical scanner to be converted into digital image data to be transmitted to an image memory. Characters are extracted from the digital image data one by one and features are extracted from each of the extracted characters. The features as standard patterns stored in a character recognition dictionary are read out to be subjected to 90 degree rotation, 180 degree rotation and 270 degree rotation by a feature rotator, thereby to produce standard patterns of the four directions. Similarity measures are individually calculated between the standard patterns of the four directions and the features of each extracted character, with respect to the four directions. This processing is repeated for a plurality of characters recorded in the document to select a direction having the maximum add value of the similarity measures, thereby to detect an input direction of the document.

Abstract: An outputting apparatus having a mode which rotates a character pattern and outputs the rotated pattern. A predetermined pattern is stored in a memory in a rotated state. A rotated pattern is read out of the memory in accordance with a signal designating the output mode when it is stored in the memory, and output as it is.

Abstract: A moving body recognition apparatus which recognizes a shape and movement of an object moving in relation to an image input unit by extracting feature points, e.g. a peak of the object and a boundary of color, each in said images captured at a plurality of instants in time for observation by the image input unit. The moving body recognition apparatus comprises an image input unit for capturing images of an object as a moving body having a rotation, a feature point extraction unit for extracting feature points from the images inputted by the image input unit, a feature point storage unit for storing known position data of the extracted feature points, and a shape/movement recognition unit for calculating the actual positions and movements of the feature points of the object in the images by using the known position data of the extracted feature points outputted from the feature point storage unit.

Abstract: Input image data of N bits per pixel is written to and read from buffer memories each having a word length of B bits on a W/N-line basis in the order in accordance with a specified rotation angle and an image size. A word synthesizing circuit synthesizes B/N word data of W bits from W/N readout image data having a word length of B bits so as to produce image data rotated by the specified rotation angle. The synthesized word data are output in the order in accordance with the specified rotation angle while write addresses are generated to store the input image data into a page memory having a word length of W bits with a rotation of the specified rotation angle.