Abstract: A bushing kit and a method of installing the same with a mandrel having a tapered region. The bushing kit includes an inner member and an outer bushing. The inner member may include an inner surface having an engagement portion, such as a coating, plating, and/or lining, such as a self-lubricating coating. The method of installing the bushing kit includes passing the tapered portion of the mandrel through the outer bushing to radially expand the outer bushing into the structural workpiece and possibly induce some amount of residual compressive stress in the structural workpiece. Contemporaneously, the inner member is passed into the radially-expanded outer bushing before the outer bushing is permitted to radially inwardly rebound or spring back. The outer bushing is then permitted to radially contract onto the inner member to form an interference fit therewith.

Abstract: A bearing assembly for a rotating shaft uses a carbide sleeve to prevent wear and carry load. The carbide sleeves provide increased life for rotating components used in the severe environments in the oil and gas industries. Various mechanisms can couple the carbide sleeve to the rotating shaft, including keys, keyways, drive rings, reaction rings, and other members to provide particular benefits. These mechanisms allow the carbide sleeve to bear the compressive load of other components, for example, or to slide axially on the shaft, when needed.

Abstract: There is disclosed a split bearing comprising a semi-cylindrical bearing member having a concave bearing surface extending throughout the length thereof to a parting face at each opposed circumferential end of the bearing member. The bearing surface has formed thereon a sprayed bearing overlay extending over the whole bearing surface except for crush relief regions adjacent to the parting faces. The bearing member has a substantially constant outer diameter and inner diameter except at the crush relief regions, where the inner diameter is larger than at other regions of the bearing surface. There is also disclosed a method of making such a bearing. Less overlay material is required than in conventional split bearings.

Abstract: A cylindrical sliding bearing 1 can rotatably support a rotational shaft by a sliding surface 4 (inner circumferential surface). A crowning 5 having a sloped surface is formed at both ends of the sliding surface 4 in the axial direction. The crowning 5 includes a first crowning 3A formed of a sloped surface of a lining layer 3 and a second crowning 2A formed of a sloped surface of a back metal 2 positioned on the lower side of the first crowning. Unlike a conventional sliding bearing, the back metal 2 where the crowning 5 is positioned is provided as a sloped surface (2A). As compared with conventional bearings, the crowning 5 can be prevented from being unevenly brought into contact with the rotational shaft.

Abstract: A friction preventing apparatus and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The apparatus includes: a first object; a second object spaced apart from the first object and facing the first object; and a plurality of charged nanoparticles provided on a surface of one of the first and second objects, such that the nanoparticles are disposed between the first object and the second object. A potential difference is formed between the first and second objects. The nanoparticles may be positively charged and may adhere to the first object, and the first object has a potential lower than a potential of the second object. The nanoparticles may be negatively charged and may adhere to the second object, and the second object has a potential higher than a potential of the first object.

Abstract: A journal bearing for a generator idler gear assembly which includes an impregnated carbon body that has an inner diameter and an outer diameter that provides a bearing thickness. The body includes a height, wherein outer diameter to inner diameter provides a first ratio of approximately 1.3-1.5 and the inner diameter to height provides a second ratio of approximately 1.5-1.9.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multi-layer plain bearing (1) that has a front side (4) that can face the element to be supported and a rear side (6) opposite the front side, comprising a supporting layer (2), a sliding layer (3) arranged on the front side (4) and an anti-fretting layer (5) arranged on the rear side (6), wherein the anti-fretting layer (5) is made of a copper-based alloy having copper mixed-crystal grains.

Abstract: A bearing bush is described wherein the bush bore at the axial ends of the bush is provided with relieved portions extending at least a part of the distance around a circumference of the bush, the relieved portions being in the form of grooves in the bore surface.

Abstract: A bush bearing 7 includes a bearing body 8 having an inner peripheral surface 7 which is brought into contact with a cylindrical outer peripheral surface 6 of a rotating shaft portion 5 so as to be rotatable in an R direction, groove means 10 provided on an outer peripheral surface 9 of said bearing body 8 so as to extend in the R direction, and elastic ring means 16 fitted on said groove means 10 and having a pair of projecting portions 12 and 13 and portion 14, the pair of projecting portions 12 and 13 partially projecting radially outward from the outer peripheral surface 9 of said bearing body 8 in an A direction, the portion 14 being provided at positions in the R direction between the pair of projecting portions 12 and 13, and not projecting radially outward from the outer peripheral surface 9 of said bearing body 8.

Abstract: A support member with excellent contact with the member to which the support member is attached, that is, a metal support member which supports a shaft directly or through a bearing and which has a plurality of the projections at its outer circumferential surface, wherein the plurality of the projections are formed at the outer circumferential surface as a whole at the time of casting of the support member and wherein at least part of the projections have thin-waisted shapes or a plastic support member which supports a shaft directly or through a bearing and which has a plurality of the projections at its outer circumferential surface, wherein the plurality of the projections are formed at the outer circumferential surface as a whole at the time of molding of the support member and wherein at least part of the projections have thin-waisted shapes.

Abstract: A bearing includes a first member having a passageway configured to engage a shaft, the first member having a metallic material; and a second member disposed around at least a portion of the first member, the second member having a metallic material and at least one radially and inwardly bent portion capable of restricting axial movement of the first member. The first and second members are movable relative to each other.

Abstract: A motor assembly comprises a gearbox (1), a motor (2) and a bushing assembly. The motor has a motor shaft (22), a worm is fixed to or formed on a worm portion of the motor shaft, which is located in the gearbox. The worm potion of a motor shaft is supported by a bushing assembly. The bushing assembly comprises a sleeve (4) and a bushing (3) fixed inside the sleeve. The bushing comprises a plurality of axial ribs (31) arranged around its outer surface. The sleeve comprises a plurality of grooves (41) in its inner surface which engage the ribs on the bushing. The sleeve also comprises a plurality of ribs around its outer peripheral surface which engage with the gearbox. The motor shaft is strengthened by the bushing assembly, and a self-locking ability of motor assembly is improved.

Abstract: An unlubricated bearing structure for supporting a rocking arm of an IC socket includes an arm support as an operating member that supports the rocking arm, a support shaft, made of metal, fitted and fixed to the arm support, and a cylindrical bush, made of metal, mounted to the support shaft so that the cylindrical bush is fitted into a bearing hole formed to the rocking arm. The support shaft, the cylindrical bush and the rocking arm are arranged such that a first clearance is formed between an outer peripheral surface of the support shaft and an inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical bush, and a second clearance is formed between an outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical bush and an inner peripheral surface of the bearing hole.

Abstract: Fine particles (6) are retained by an electroformed portion (4) in a dispersed state, and the fine particles (6) exposed from an outer peripheral surface (4a2) of the electroformed portion (4) are molten so as to form micro projections (60) integrated with a resin portion (5). The micro projections (60) enters into fine-particle traces (4c) formed in the electroformed portion (4) to exert an anchor effect, to thereby increase a fixation force between the resin portion (5) and the electroformed portion (4).

Abstract: A bearing structure includes a main body internally defining a shaft space; the shaft space axially extends a full length of the main body and communicates with at least one extension space; and the extension space is radially outward extended from the shaft space and also axially extends a full length of the main body. The shaft space has a non-circular cross section. In a cooling fan using the bearing structure, a rotor shaft is inserted in the shaft space. With the shaft space having a non-circular cross section, it is possible to largely increase the support pressure of a lubricant filled between the rotor shaft and the shaft space and accordingly, reduce the frictional contact between the rotor shaft and the shaft space as well as the noise and vibration produced during the operation of the cooling fan.

Abstract: A self-lubricating composite bearing includes a casing and a bearing set. The bearing set comprises at least two bearing members. The casing axially defines an accommodation space through two opposite ends thereof for mounting the bearing set therein. An axial hole is defined through two opposite ends of the bearing set for the insertion of a shaft. The bearing set includes at least one neck portion. At least one storage chamber is defined between an inner surface of the casing and an outer surface of the at least one neck portion of the bearing set and stores a higher viscosity lubricant therein. At least one fine flow passage is defined through the at least one neck portion of the bearing set. The at least one storage chamber is in fluid communication with the axial hole of the bearing set via the at least one fine flow passage.

Abstract: Slide member is provided with an Al-based bearing alloy layer including Al and Si particles, and DLC layer laminated over Al-based bearing alloy layer. At least some of the Si particles included in Al-based bearing alloy layer are exposed on DLC layer side surface.

Abstract: A three-layer composite self-lubricating sliding bearing with modified polyimide anti-wear layer, wherein a porous spherical bronze powder layer is sintered on a surface of a steel plate, characterized in that a self-lubricating sliding bearing sheet is formed by covering the porous spherical bronze powder layer with a modified polyimide anti-wear material layer, and then the self-lubricating sliding bearing sheet is manufactured into an article of sleeve-shaped sliding bearing or bearing bush or thrust washer or sliding-board or friction disc or ball seat structural part according to conventional processes. The process for manufacturing includes: preparation of a modified polyimide paste; sintering of spherical copper powder; preparation; coating; sintering of the modified polyimide; finish rolling; cutting and forming.

Abstract: Slide member is provided with an Cu-based bearing alloy layer including hard particles, and DLC layer laminated over Cu-based bearing alloy layer. At least some of the hard particles included in Cu-based bearing alloy layer are exposed on DLC layer side surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing and/or assembling a bearing with a bearing bore, a journal which is located in the bearing bore and at least two bearing shells which at least partially encompass the journal in the bearing bore, there being a number n of tolerance classes. Here the bearing class width C1 for the bearing bore and/or the journal should obey a relation C1=T1=t2=T3= . . . =tn/Tn, and another bearing class width C2 for at least the first of the bearing shells and/or at least one other of the bearing shells should follow the relation C2=t1=T2=t3= . . . =Tn, Ti (with i=1, . . . , n) being tolerance range values of the bearing bore and/or of the journal and ti (with i=1, . . .

Abstract: A sliding bearing for engine applications, in particular a sliding bearing shell for the mounting of the crankshaft or the camshaft or for use as a connecting-rod bearing shell, has a metallic supporting layer and, applied on top of that, a bearing metal layer of aluminum alloy, copper alloy or brass, the bearing metal layer having an 8-20 ?m thick PTFB-free PAI-based coating applied on top of it, the PAI-based coating having 5-15% by weight zinc sulphide, 5-15% by weight graphite and 5-15% by weight TiO2 with the ratio of zinc sulphide and graphite respectively to TiO2 in terms of their percentage by weight being 0.6-1.4 and the zinc sulphide and TiO2 being present in a particle size of ?0.7 ?m.

Abstract: Provided is a slide device which can reduce a frictional force more than a conventional slide device when used in an aqueous liquid containing a blood component. In a slide device which includes: a fixed-side slide member having a slide surface; and a rotary-side slide member having a slide surface, the slide device being used in an aqueous liquid containing a blood component in a state where the slide surface of the fixed-side slide member and the slide surface of the rotary-side slide member face each other in an opposed manner, at least one of the fixed-side slide member and the rotary-side slide member is formed of a member which is made of a material which contains silicon and has hydrate of silicon oxide on the slide surface thereof.

Abstract: A bush bearing 1 is comprised of: a synthetic resin-made bush 15 including a flexible semi-split cylindrical body 5 having an abutment portion 3 for slidably abutting against a rack shaft 25 and including a flexible open-ended annular body 14 which has a portion 6 formed integrally at one end face of the semi-split cylindrical body 5 and circular arc-shaped extended portions 12 and 13 whose distal ends 9 and 10 are opposed to each other with a clearance 11 in a circumferential direction R; and an elastic member 22 including an elastic body 21 for abutting against an outer surface 20 of the semi-split cylindrical body 5 and retained portions 16 and 17 which are respectively retained by both end portions 23 and 24.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sliding bearing used in turbochargers of internal combustion engines. It is formed with a copper alloy containing, by mass %, 25 to 45% Zn, 0.3 to 2.0% Si, 1.5 to 6.0% Mn, and the balance being Cu and unavoidable impurities. The sliding bearing has a cylindrical shape for supporting a rotating shaft. Crystallized Mn—Si compounds are dispersed in a matrix of the copper alloy, the compounds extending in an axial direction of the rotating shaft on a sliding surface of the sliding bearing. The crystallized Mn—Si compounds have an average inter-grain distance of 20 to 80 ?m. The matrix may contain precipitated Mn—Si compounds as well as the crystallized Mn—Si compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to an anti-fretting layer (5) for a multi-layer plain bearing (1), the anti-fretting layer being composed of a copper-based alloy, which in addition to copper as the main alloying element contains at least one element from the group comprising germanium, tin, indium, zinc, nickel, cobalt, bismuth, lead, silver and antimony and unavoidable impurities originating from production, wherein the total fraction of said alloying elements is at least 1 wt. % and at most 30 wt. %, and wherein copper mixed-crystal grains comprising copper and the at least one element are present in the copper alloy, wherein the copper mixed-crystal grains are oriented in such a way that an orientation index M{hkl} according to formula (I) M ? { hkl } = I ? { hkl } ? ? I 0 ? { hkl } I 0 ? { hkl } ? ? I ? { hkl } of each of the lattice plane sets {hkl} has a value of less than 3.

Abstract: A bearing structure for a pivoting irrigation system apparatus having a rotatable vertical section with a plurality of annular assemblies mounted thereon. The assemblies include a plurality of components that are rotatable and non-rotatable with the rotatable vertical section so as to facilitate movement with decreased friction therebetween.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plain bearing composite material with a supporting layer made of steel, a bearing metal layer made of a copper alloy, and with a lining applied to the bearing metal layer. The copper alloy can contain 0.5 5% by weight of nickel, 0.2 to 2.5% by weight of silicon and =0.1% by weight of lead. The lining can be an electrodeposited layer, a sputtered layer or a plastic layer. The invention also relates to methods for producing this composite material.

Abstract: There is disclosed a split bearing comprising a semi-cylindrical bearing member having a concave bearing surface extending throughout the length thereof to a parting face at each opposed circumferential end of the bearing member. The bearing surface has formed thereon a sprayed bearing overlay extending over the whole bearing surface except for crush relief regions adjacent to the parting faces. The bearing member has a substantially constant outer diameter and inner diameter except at the crush relief regions, where the inner diameter is larger than at other regions of the bearing surface. There is also disclosed a method of making such a bearing. Less overlay material is required than in conventional split bearings.

Abstract: A main sleeve bearing for an assembly wherein a journal member is rotatable within a bore is provided. The main sleeve bearing may include a first bearing shell portion and a second bearing shell portion. The first bearing shell portion and the second bearing shell portion may be assembled to form the main sleeve bearing with a circumferential outer surface and an inner bearing surface. The second bearing shell portion may define a greater portion of a circumference of the main sleeve bearing than the first bearing shell portion.

Abstract: A bearing that is used in a motor pump in which a liquid is, not only pumped by means of an impeller driven by the pump, but also is used to lubricate components of the motor pump including the motor pump shaft. The bearing is for supporting the shaft at at least one location of the shaft. The bearing is constructed of a bronze material having added thereto a small amount of graphite, preferably around 2.5%.

Abstract: A journal bearing includes a main body and a connection portion. The main body extends radially outward from a central cavity to an interface surface. The connection portion supports an end of the main body and extends radially around the central cavity. The connection portion has a dimension selected as a proportion of a reference dimension of the main body to achieve a desired spring rate for the journal bearing.

Abstract: A sliding bearing 1 includes a bearing alloy layer 2 which has annular grooves 2a and a ridge portion 2b formed thereon and an overlay layer 3 which is made from a low-friction synthetic resin and covers the surface of the bearing alloy layer, wherein the overlay layer 3 forms an uneven face so that the surface of the overlay layer 3 follows an uneven face of the surface of the bearing alloy layer 2. The ridge portion 2b is structured so as to be plastically deformed when a load is applied to the sliding bearing from a rotary shaft, and thereby be capable of making the sliding bearing conform to the rotary shaft.

Abstract: A bearing assembly for use in an apparatus having a housing and a shaft which is rotatably connected with the housing. A shaft extension extends from the interior of the housing at a first housing end. The shaft extension defines a first bearing shaft surface. The bearing assembly includes a first thrust bearing for transferring a first axial load between the shaft and the housing. The first thrust bearing is located axially between the first housing end and the first bearing shaft surface.

Abstract: A rotating device suitable for weight saving or thinning while maintaining a shock resistance is provided. The rotating device includes a rotating body having a hub on which a recording disk is to be mounted, and a shaft, and a fixing body including a sleeve, a housing, and a base. A lubricant is present between the rotating body and the fixing body. The sleeve is formed of a sintered metal. The housing has an encircling wall, the flange and the bottom which are integrally formed together by pressing.

Abstract: A pivot assembly bearing capable to decrease the pressing force when it is pressed into a mounting hole of a swing arm and to prevent the formation of particles on the outer circumferential surface of a sleeve of pivot assembly bearing is provided. The pivot assembly bearing comprises a shaft, and a sleeve 13 rotatably supported around the shaft, a plurality of grooves extending along a circumferential direction are successively formed in an axial direction on an outer circumferential surface of the sleeve 13, and the surface roughness of the outer circumferential surface of the sleeve 13 is 0.5 to 8 ?m in terms of center line average roughness (Ra) and 5 to 30 ?m in terms of maximum height (Rmax).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a plain bearing element (1) by means of coating a surface (5) of a substrate with a tribologically effective sliding layer (6) by means of cathode sputtering in a gas atmosphere and using at least one metal target (16), with a substrate having a cylindrical cavity (3) being used, and the target (16) being arranged at least partially in the cavity (3) and furthermore the discharge for sputtering the target (16) is supported or maintained by means of a third electrode (26).

Abstract: A bearing mechanism 1 includes a housing 3 having a cylindrical inner peripheral surface 2, a rack shaft 5 inserted and secured in the housing 3 and having a cylindrical outer peripheral surface 4, and a sliding bearing 6 interposed between the inner peripheral surface 2 of the housing 3 and the outer peripheral surface 4 of the rack shaft 5.

Abstract: A bush bearing (1) is a wrapped bush bearing which has a cylindrical inner peripheral surface (2) serving as a sliding surface as well as an outer peripheral surface (3), and whose abutting faces (4) are abutted against each other. The outer peripheral surface (3) includes a cylindrical surface (11); a tapered surface (13) interposed between the cylindrical surface (11) and one annular end face (12) in an axial direction X and formed by roll forming; a smooth circular arc surface (14) interposed between the tapered surface (13) and the cylindrical surface (11); and a smooth circular arc surface (15) interposed between the tapered surface (13) and the end face (12).

Abstract: A support member with excellent contact with the member to which the support member is attached, that is, a metal support member which supports a shaft directly or through a bearing and which has a plurality of the projections at its outer circumferential surface, wherein the plurality of the projections are formed at the outer circumferential surface as a whole at the time of casting of the support member and wherein at least part of the projections have thin-waisted shapes or a plastic support member which supports a shaft directly or through a bearing and which has a plurality of the projections at its outer circumferential surface, wherein the plurality of the projections are formed at the outer circumferential surface as a whole at the time of molding of the support member and wherein at least part of the projections have thin-waisted shapes.

Abstract: In the case of a plain bearing having at least one support part (25), which is composed of an iron-containing base material, of a bearing sleeve (24) which is provided at the raceway side with a coating (8, 26) which is composed of a coating material, is formed as a melted-on layer and is metallurgically connected to the base material by an FeSn2-containing connecting zone (9), it is possible to obtain a long service life in that the thickness for the FeSn2-containing connecting zone (9) is at most 10 ?m.

Abstract: A sliding bearing 1 is formed into a cylindrical shape by placing abutting surfaces 11A and 12A of a pair of half-bearings 11 and 12 so as to abut against each other. Two foreign substance discharging grooves 5 and 5? inclined with respect to an axial direction of the sliding bearing 1 are formed on a sliding surface 3 adjacent to an inner circumferential edge 4 of the abutting surfaces 11A and 12A. When a lubricant is supplied to the sliding surface 3, a foreign substance 6 mixed in the lubricant is trapped by foreign substance discharging grooves 5 and 5? and then discharged out of the sliding bearing 1 from ends 5A and 5B (5A? and 5B?) open to end faces 7 and 8. It is thereby possible to provide the sliding bearing 1 with good foreign substance discharge characteristics.

Abstract: A drive transmitting device includes: a rotational shaft having peripheral surface with a cut-off surface extending along an axial direction of the rotational shaft; a bearing member for supporting the rotational shaft, the bearing member being in slide contact with the peripheral surface of the rotational shaft; and a spacer which is mounted in a clearance formed between an inner circumferential surface portion of the bearing member and the cut-off surface of the rotational shaft.

Abstract: A sliding material sliding material includes: a sliding plane member; a base member made of a material different from that of the sliding plane member; an intermediate member provided between the sliding plane member and the base member and formed with a plurality of spaces; and a joining member for bonding the intermediate member to the base member, in which a portion of the space formed to the intermediate member is impregnated with a portion of the sliding plane member so that the sliding plane member is bonded to the intermediate member, and a residual portion of the space of the intermediate member is impregnated with a portion of the joining member so that the base member is bonded to the intermediate member with the joining member therebetween.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sliding bearing which is inexpensive, has a simple construction, and is capable of keeping a frictional torque low. A sliding bearing (1) supports a heat roller such as a fixing roller, a pressure roller, and the like of an image-forming apparatus is constructed of an outer ring (3) and an inner ring (2). The outer ring (3) is made of synthetic resin and the inner ring (2) is made of a sintered metal, or the outer ring (3) is made of a sintered metal and the inner ring is made of synthetic resin. The outer circumferential surface of the inner ring (2) is formed as a convexly curved surface, and the inner circumferential surface of the outer ring (3) is formed as a concavely curved surface corresponding to the convexly curved surface. The outer ring (3) is composed of two radially halved parts.

Abstract: A plain bearing includes a bearing body in which a body, which is to be stored, is arranged. The bearing body is surrounded by a supporting body. The bearing body has a partial joint arranged at an angle in relation to the horizontal. The plain bearing has an active cooling system and an articulated lubrication system.

Abstract: A bearing for a rolling mill roll that has a roll neck, the bearing including a neck sleeve fitted onto the roll neck, a chock, a bearing bush supported in the chock, and a load-bearing lubricating film provided between the neck sleeve and the bearing bush. The roll neck has a step at a transition to an undercut region that defines part of a keyway groove in an axial end face of the roll neck, a remaining part of the keyway groove being formed in an axial end of the neck sleeve. A feather key is provided in the keyway groove. The feather key and the keyway groove are arranged adjacent to, without passing through, a Rötscher line extending between the step of the roll neck and an outer axial edge of the bearing bush. The feather key has a radial extension that is greater than an axial extension.

Abstract: There is provided a low-friction sliding member having a sliding surface slidable relative to an opposing member via an oil, wherein the sliding surface has a plurality of texture groups, each of the texture groups consists of at least two adjacent fine recesses having portions aligned to each other in either a sliding direction or oil flow direction; a distance between the texture groups is larger than a distance between the adjacent recesses; and the texture groups is distributed uniformly over the sliding surface.

Abstract: A sliding bearing 1 is formed cylindrically of a pair of half bearings 11 and 12. A dust pocket 4 formed of a recess part is formed in the inner peripheral edges of joining surfaces 11A and 12A of the half bearings 11 and 12, and foreign-substance discharge grooves 5 and 5? are formed in a sliding surface 3 continuing from the dust pocket 4. When lubricant oil is supplied to the dust pocket 4, foreign substances 6 mixed in the lubricant oil are caught by the dust pocket 4 and then, discharged efficiently to the outside of the sliding bearing 1 through the foreign-substance discharge grooves 5 and 5?. The sliding bearing 1 having favorable foreign-substance discharging performances can be provided.

Abstract: It is described a slide bearing, particularly to constrain at least one shaft of an internal combustion engine, having a support structure or substrate (2) to which a lining (3) is applied by a Cold Spray or Cold Gas Dynamic Spray process, the lining being comprised of at least one composite material comprising at least one alloy powder with ceramic particles and anti-seizure material.

Abstract: A slide bearing including a metal backing; an Al-based intermediate layer; and an Al-based bearing alloy layer is disclosed. The Al-based bearing alloy layer includes one or more types of intermetallic compounds containing Al and two or more other types of elements, the Al-based bearing alloy layer including 8 or more grains of intermetallic compounds per ?m2 having a grain diameter less than 0.5 ?m. When the elements constituting the intermetallic compound are represented as X1, X2, . . . , Xn (n is a positive integer), a relative abundance of the elements satisfy X1?X2? . . . ?Xn. An abundance ratio X1/X2 of element X1 to element X2 ranges from 1 to 10. The Al-based bearing alloy layer has a Vickers hardness ranging from 50 to 80.