Abstract: A light guide comprising a polymeric layer at least 25 percent transmissive over at least a 30 nm bandwidth in a wavelength range from 180 to 280 nm over a distance of at least 100 micrometers and visible light transparent reflecting layers (UV-C mirror) that are at least 50 percent reflective over at least 30 nm bandwidth in a wavelength range from 180 to 280 nm over an incident light angle of 0 to 90 degrees and that are at least 25 percent transmissive of visible light over at least 30 nm bandwidth in a wavelength range of 400 to 800 nm over an incident light angle of 0 to 90 degrees. The light guide is useful, for example, for antimicrobial surfaces.

Abstract: Polymer composite photonic crystal materials are disclosed as coatings and topcoats which have high reflection (>30%) in a specific range of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as ultraviolet (<400 nm), visible (Vis, 400 nm-700 nm), or near-infrared radiation range (NIR, 700-2000 nm), and relatively low reflection (<20% reflection) in a second, different range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Surprisingly, it was found that through a formulation and additives approach, the optical properties of polymer composite photonic crystal films can be selectively modified from a variety of different coating methods, including spray deposition.

Abstract: A dielectric wave guide cable (1) includes a tubular core (2) made from a low loss material having a certain permittivity. The tubular core (2) is encompassed by a cladding (3) having, compared to the tubular core (2), a lower permittivity. The tubular core (2) may be coated on the inside by a coating (3) having a higher permittivity. The cladding (3) may be encompassed by a jacket (4).

Abstract: High-power, highly efficient 3-level system fiber lasers are described. The lasers can operate at an average power of about 50W or greater with an efficiency of about 60% or greater with low diffraction limited mode quality. The lasers incorporate an all-solid photonic bandgap fiber that includes a large core (20 micrometers or greater), a high core/clad ratio (greater than 15%), and a waveguide cladding designed to define a transmission band to suppress the 4-level system of the gain medium through determination of the node size of individual nodes of a cladding lattice.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a radiative cooling device which is sensitive to the ambient temperature and in which the emissivity changes depending on the infrared wavelength range and emission angle, and a method of cooling an object using the radiative cooling device.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an HAF having a structure in which the number of air holes is decreased to be smaller than that of a PCF and Rayleigh scattering loss may be more reduced than that in the existing HAF.

Abstract: Embodiments herein describe a waveguide crossing that permits at least two optical signals to cross in two different directions. For example, one optical signal can propagate from left to right through the center of the waveguide crossing at the same time a second optical signal propagates up and down through the center of the crossing. In one embodiment, a circular disc is disposed at the center of the waveguide crossing through which the two (or more) optical signals pass. The shape of the circular disc can provide low insertion loss as the respective optical signals propagate between respective pairs of waveguides, as well as minimize cross talk between the two optical signals.

Abstract: An optical probe for optoelectronic integrated circuits is provided, applicable to a test environment for testing a plurality of optical chips on a wafer. The optical chips include at least one optical waveguide, and the optical probe includes a substrate and an optical fiber. The facet of the optical fiber has a first angle, and the first angle causes the optical signal transmitted by the optical fiber to generate total reflection, and the optical signal after total reflection enters the optical waveguide of the optical chip. Thereby, an optical probe able to perform testing before wafer cutting and polishing is provided, and a high-speed, effective and reliable detection is achieved.

Abstract: This invention provides a device for improving laser wavelength conversion efficiency and a laser system configured to provide high-power multi-wavelength femtosecond laser pulses using the device. The device for improving laser wavelength conversion efficiency comprises a wavelength conversion member photonic crystal fiber (PCF), wherein the device for improving laser wavelength conversion efficiency improves wavelength conversion efficiency by shortening the length of the PCF. The device provided in this invention not only reduces the attenuation and dispersion caused by the optical fiber, but also improves the energy conversion efficiency within a specific wavelength range. The use of the technique not only increases the energy of light pulse, but also greatly reduces the amount of fiber used, and can maximize the energy of the desired wavelength according to experimental requirements when using laser input sources of different wavelengths.

Abstract: A micro light emitting diode (LED) display device includes a substrate, micro LED dies, a protection layer, and a funnel-tube structure array. The micro LED dies are located on the substrate. The protection layer covers the micro LED dies and the substrate. The funnel-tube structure array is located on the protection layer and includes funnel-tube structures. Each of the funnel-tube structures has a top surface facing away from the protection layer. The funnel-tube structures respectively overlap the micro LED dies in a vertical direction, and widths of the funnel-tube structures are gradually increased from the protection layer to the top surfaces of the funnel-tube structures.

Abstract: A video endoscope including an elongated shaft, a main body, a cable for conducting control signals, video signals and/or illumination light, wherein the cable includes: a core having an optical fiber bundle, a video signal line, and/or a control signal line; a mechanical protective layer; and a sheath tube; a junction body sealingly inserted into the main body on to sealingly receive the sheath tube; an anti-kink sleeve disposed around the sheath tube to engage over the junction body, a clamping ring supported on the junction body pulled towards the main body by a first clamping nut presses the junction body against a round cord seal between the junction body and the main body and presses the anti-kink sleeve against the junction body such to seal a cavity between the anti-kink sleeve and the junction body.

Abstract: A hollow-core anti-resonant-reflecting fibre (HC-AF) includes a hollow-core region, an inner cladding region, and an outer cladding region. The hollow-core region axially extends along the HC-AF. The inner cladding region includes a plurality of anti-resonant elements (AREs) and surrounds the hollow-core region. The outer cladding region surrounds the inner cladding region. The hollow-core region and the plurality of AREs are configured to provide phase matching of higher order hollow-core modes and ARE modes in a broadband wavelength range.

Abstract: An optical source including a supercontinuum generation apparatus including a pump light source, a twisted photonic crystal fibre, PCF, and a wideband quarter-wave retarder. The pump light source is arranged to provide circularly polarised pump light. The twisted PCF is arranged to receive the pump light and to convert the pump light into circularly polarised supercontinuum light. The wideband quarter-wave retarder is arranged to convert the circularly polarised supercontinuum light into linearly polarised supercontinuum light. The optical source may additionally include a wavelength tunable bandpass optical filter arranged to transmit the linearly polarised supercontinuum light at wavelengths within a selected range.

Abstract: A broadband source device configured for generating broadband radiation or white light output. The broadband source device includes a gas cell, and a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber at least partially enclosed within the gas cell. A gas mixture is within the gas cell and the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. The gas mixture includes at least one Raman active molecular gas constituting more than 2% of the gas mixture, such that the broadband source device operates in a balanced Kerr-Raman nonlinear interaction regime.

Abstract: Disclosed is a Chinese knot-like porous fiber core ultra-high birefringence THz optical fiber. The optical fiber comprises a substrate, claddings and fiber cores, wherein the claddings and the fiber cores are arranged in the substrate, and the fiber cores are embedded in the centers of the claddings; and the fiber core comprises a first fiber core region, a second fiber core region and a third fiber core region, the center of the first fiber core region 4 serves as the origin of coordinates, and the first fiber core region 4 is composed of six regular hexagon units with overlapped boundaries in the x-axis direction. In the present disclosure, the fiber core comprises a first fiber core region, a second fiber core region and a third fiber core region, and the three regions jointly form a fiber core region of a Chinese knot-like porous fiber core.

Abstract: A microstructured optical fiber having a length and a longitudinal axis along its length, the finer including a core region capable of guiding light along the longitudinal axis and a cladding region which surrounds the core region, the cladding region comprising a cladding background material and a plurality of cladding features within the cladding background material, the cladding features being arranged around the core region, wherein the cladding region comprises an inner cladding region comprising an innermost ring of cladding features and an outer cladding region comprises outer cladding rings of outer cladding features, the innermost ring consisting of those cladding features being closest to the core region, wherein the rings of cladding features each comprise bridges of cladding background material separating adjacent features of the ring, wherein the bridges of the innermost ring have an average minimum width (w1), the minimum width of a bridge of a ring being the shortest distance between two adjace

Abstract: A microstructured multicore optical fibre (MMOF) includes a cladding in which a plurality of basic cells are formed that run along the MMOF. Each of the basic cells includes a core, and at least one of the basic cells is surrounded by a plurality of longitudinal areas that run parallel to the core along the MMOF and are arranged in a hexagonal arrangement around the core. The longitudinal areas are spaced by a lattice constant ?. Sides of the hexagon can be shared with adjacent basic cells.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for artificially creating space within a lens such that, when an image is projected from the lens onto the retina of the user, the image appears to be positioned further away than it actually is. This is accomplished by embedding a series of projection tubes on the perimeter of a lens adapted to project an image inward toward the retina of the user. The projection tubes will provide artificial spacing and cause the projected image to seem distant or otherwise positioned further away, creating a more realistic viewpoint for the user.

Abstract: The invention relates to an implantable illuminating device intended to be implanted in a living being with a view to locally illuminating a region of said living being, said device including a probe, said architecture being characterized in that it is produced from: an optical fiber that comprises a core, a cladding and a protective coating, a jacket, said architecture including: a plurality of successive segments along its longitudinal axis, each segment having a section containing a plurality of concentrically superposed layers, in which each segment includes a section containing a plurality of superposed layers that is different from the section of each adjacent segment.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, machine, device, and/or manufacture adapted for and/or resulting from, and/or a method for, activities that can include and/or relate to, providing a photonic crystal fiber that includes an elongated solid core that extends a length of the photonic crystal fiber and defines a fiber longitudinal axis and an elongated annular cladding extending the length of the photonic crystal fiber and is co-axial with the core.

Abstract: A method of optimizing structural parameters of a physical device includes: receiving an initial description of the physical device that describes the physical device with an array of voxels that each describe one or more of the structural parameters; performing a time-forward simulation of a field response propagating through the physical device and interacting with the voxels in a simulated environment, wherein the field response is influenced by the structural parameters of the voxels; generating field response values describing the field response at each of the voxels for each of a plurality of time steps; encoding the field response values to generate compressed field response values; storing the compressed field response values; decoding one or more of the compressed field response values to extract regenerated field response values; and generating a revised description of the physical device having a structural parameter optimized.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, machine, device, manufacture, circuit, and/or composition of matter, and/or a method for activities, that can comprise and/or relate to, a polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber comprising an elongated guiding core and/or an elongated photonic crystal cladding surrounding the core, the cladding defining a plurality of holes.

Abstract: The vacuum-based methods of forming an optical fiber preform include applying a vacuum to a preform assembly. The preform assembly has at least one glass cladding section with one or more axial through holes, with one or more canes respectively residing in the one or more axial through holes. The opposite ends of the at least one glass cladding section are capped to define a substantially sealed internal chamber. A vacuum is applied to the substantially sealed internal chamber to define a vacuum-held preform assembly. The methods also include heating the vacuum-held preform assembly to just above the glass softening point to consolidate the vacuum-held preform to form the cane-based glass preform. An optical fiber is formed by drawing the cane-based glass preform. The same furnace used to consolidate the vacuum-held preform can be used to draw the optical fiber.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a capillary usable as part of a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. The method includes obtaining a capillary having capillary wall including a first wall thickness; and chemically etching the capillary wall to reduce the wall thickness of the capillary wall. During performance of the etching, a control parameter is locally varied along the length of the capillary, the control parameter relating to reactivity of an etchant used in the etching, so as to control the etched wall thickness of the capillary wall along the capillary length. Also disclosed is a capillary manufactured by such a method and various devices including such a capillary.

Abstract: This document discusses, among other things, systems and methods to transmit laser energy to a first hollow-core transmission medium of a board, and to detect laser energy from a second hollow-core transmission medium of the board using a photodiode of the communication interface. A system can include a communication interface configured to be coupled to a chip carrier, the communication interface including a laser emitter configured to transmit laser energy to a first hollow-core transmission medium of a board, and a photodiode configured to detect laser energy communicated from a second hollow-core transmission. The system can further include the chip carrier and the board, as well as one or more alignment features to position the laser emitter and the photodiode over inputs of the first and second hollow-core transmission mediums, and an optically clear resin optionally between the communication interface and the board.

Abstract: Laser ablation catheters and methods of using same for efficient tissue ablation are disclosed. In some cases, laser ablation catheter embodiments may include expanded distal tips that allow for beam energy expansion and reduce dead space at the distal cutting surface of the laser ablation catheter.

Abstract: A hollow-core anti-resonant-reflecting fibre (HC-AF) includes a hollow-core region, an inner cladding region, and an outer cladding region. The hollow-core region axially extends along the HC-AF. The inner cladding region includes a plurality of anti-resonant elements (AREs) and surrounds the hollow-core region. The outer cladding region surrounds the inner cladding region. The hollow-core region and the plurality of AREs are configured to provide phase matching of higher order hollow-core modes and ARE modes in a broadband wavelength range.

Abstract: A non-radial array of microstructure elements provides enhanced wavelength selective filtering. The elements are arranged along a line that does not intersect the center of the core. In this configuration, the first coupling element in an array that is nearest to the core is a non-integer array unit spacing from the main waveguide where the array unit spacing is defined as the flat to flat distance of a hexagonal cell.

Abstract: A curved phononic waveguide. In some embodiments, the curved phononic waveguide includes a sheet including a plurality of standard reflectors and a plurality of divergent reflectors. Each of the standard reflectors is associated with a respective grid point of a grid defined by a plurality of intersecting lines, each grid point being a respective intersection of two of a plurality of intersecting lines, the grid being locally periodic to within 5%, and having a local grid spacing. Each of the standard reflectors has a center separated from the respective grid point of the standard reflector by at most 1% of the grid spacing. The divergent reflectors define a waveguide among the standard reflectors, each of the divergent reflectors being an absent reflector or a reflector that is smaller than one of the standard reflectors.

Abstract: An alloy of GexSbySezTem includes atoms of Ge, Sb, Se, and Te that form a crystalline structure having a plurality of vacancies randomly distributed in the crystalline structure. The alloy can be used to construct an optical device including a first waveguide to guide a light beam and a modulation layer disposed on the first waveguide. The modulation includes the alloy of GexSbySezTem which has a first refractive index n1 in an amorphous state and a second refractive index n2, greater than the first refractive index by at least 1, in a crystalline state. The first waveguide and the modulation layer are configured to guide about 1% to about 50% of the light beam in the modulation layer when the alloy is in the amorphous state and guide no optical mode when the alloy is in the crystalline state.

Abstract: Radiation source assemblies and methods for generating broadened radiation by spectral broadening. A radiation source assembly includes a pump source configured to emit modulated pump radiation at one or more wavelengths. The assembly further has an optical fiber configured to receive the modulated pump radiation emitted by the pump source, the optical fiber including a hollow core extending along at least part of a length of the fiber. The hollow core is configured to guide the received radiation during propagation through the fiber. The radiation emitted by the pump source includes first radiation at a pump wavelength, and the pump source is configured to modulate the first radiation for stimulating spectral broadening in the optical fiber.

Abstract: The selection of starting materials used in the process of forming an MCR is controlled to specifically define the physical properties of the core tube and/or the capillary tubes in the local vicinity of the core tube. The physical properties are considered to include, but are not limited to, the diameter of a given tube/capillary, its wall thickness, and its geometry (e.g., circular, non-circular). A goal is to select starting materials with physical properties that yield a final hollow core optical fiber with a “uniform” core region (for the purposes of the present invention, a “uniform” core region is one where the struts of cladding periodic array surrounding the central core are uniform in length and thickness (with the nodes between the struts thus being uniformly spaced apart), which yields a core wall of essentially uniform thickness and circularity.

Abstract: A technique for fabricating a hollow core optical fiber with a controllable core region (in terms of diameter) is based upon regulating conditions (gas flow, volume, and/or temperature) within the hollow core region during the fiber draw process. The introduction of a gas, or any change in volume or temperature of the hollow core region, allows for the diameter of the hollow core region to self-regulate as a multistructured core rod (MCR) is drawn down into the final hollow core optical fiber structure. This self-regulation provides a core region having a diameter that selected and then stabilized for the duration of the draw process. The inventive process is also useful in controlling the diameter of any selected hollow region of an MCR including, but not limited to, shunts and corner capillaries disposed around the core region.

Abstract: A broadband light source device for creating broadband light pulses includes a hollow-core fiber and a pump laser source device. The hollow-core fiber is configured to create the broadband light pulses by an optical non-linear broadening of pump laser pulses. The hollow-core fiber includes a filling gas, an axial hollow light guiding fiber core configured to support core modes of a guided light field, and an inner fiber structure surrounding the fiber core and configured to support transverse wall modes of the guided light field. The pump laser source device is configured to create and provide the pump laser pulses at an input side of the hollow-core fiber. The transverse wall modes include a fundamental transverse wall mode and second and higher order transverse wall modes.

Abstract: Microstructured multicore optical fibre with a microstructure area, in which, at least two basic cells are embedded, where each of them contains a core, preferably made of glass, specifically including doped silica glass or polymer, together with the surrounding it longitudinal areas with lower refraction index vs. that of the cladding, which areas may adopt the shape of holes, filled with gas, in particular with the air or a fluid or a polymer or spaces of another glass with doping allowing to reduce refractive index (further referred to as holes), embedded in a matrix of glass, in particular of silica glass or polymer. The refraction index of the holes is decreased vs. that of the matrix of glass, in particular of silica glass or polymer. The basic cell is characterised by the diameter of D2 core, the diameter of D3 core and the distance between adjacent holes, corresponding to lattice constant A.

Abstract: An optical signal generating apparatus is provided. A plurality of optical waveguides is disposed in different dielectric layers. A first light splitting pattern and a second light splitting pattern are disposed in the optical waveguides. The first light splitting pattern includes a first heterogeneous layer portion intersected with the second light splitting pattern in different dielectric layers to form at least one first intersection, the first heterogeneous layer portion and the second light splitting pattern are disposed in different optical waveguides, and a light beam with a specific wavelength, transmitted by the first light splitting pattern, is subject to a layer-to-layer transition before reaching the first intersection, so as to enter different optical waveguides.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a multi-core optical fiber cable (MCF). In some embodiments, an MCF comprises a plurality of cores, a cladding surrounding the plurality of cores, wherein a refractive index of one or more of the plurality of cores is greater than a refractive index of the cladding, and a coating surrounding the cladding, a distal end free of the coating and having a reduced diameter. The MCF also comprise an annular gap formed between the distal end of the MCF and the inner surface of the cannula, wherein the concentricity of the distal end of the MCF with the inner passage of the cannula is maintained.

Abstract: According to embodiments of the present invention, a fiber preform or an optical fiber is provided. The fiber preform or the optical fiber includes a core region having a plurality of cores, wherein two cores of the plurality of cores are bridged by an air gap, and a cladding arrangement including a first cladding region having a plurality of structures surrounding the core region, and a second cladding region in between the core region and the first cladding region, the second cladding region having a plurality of tubes, wherein at least one split is defined in the second cladding region. According to further embodiments of the present invention, a method for forming the fiber preform, a method for forming the optical fiber, an optical coupler having the optical fiber, an optical combiner having the optical fiber, and an optical apparatus having the optical fiber are also provided.

Abstract: A hollow core optical fiber and cable combination is configured to exhibit minimal SNR and loss degradation. This is achieved by either: (1) reducing the coupling between the fundamental and other (unwanted) modes propagating within the hollow core fiber; or (2) increasing the propagation loss along the alternative. The first approach may be achieved by designing the cable to minimize perturbations and/or designing the hollow core fiber to fully separate the fundamental mode from the unwanted modes so as to reduce coupling into the unwanted modes. Whether through fiber design or cable design, the amount of light coupled into unwanted modes is reduced to acceptable levels. The second approach may be realized through either fiber design and/or cable design to suppress the light in unwanted modes so that an acceptably low level of light is coupled back into the fundamental mode.

Abstract: A terahertz waveguide includes an input segment, a transmission segment and an output segment. The input segment includes an input waveguide and an input microstructured waveguide. One end of the input waveguide is connected with one end of the core of the input microstructured waveguide. The transmission segment includes at least a sub-wavelength waveguide, an air cladding surrounding the sub-wavelength waveguide and a solid outer cladding surrounding the air cladding. The other end of the core of the input microstructured waveguide is connected with one end of the sub-wavelength waveguide. The other end of the sub-wavelength waveguide is connected with the core of the output microstructured waveguide. One end of the solid outer cladding is connected with the cladding of the input microstructured waveguide, and an output segment. The output segment includes an output microstructured waveguide and an output waveguide.

Abstract: An optical fibre for an ultrafast laser endoscope including at least the following structures: a hollow core, the periphery of which has an order of symmetry of at least six when considering axes of symmetry passing through the centre of the core and through the centre of convex shapes, seen from the centre of the core, the convex shapes at least partly making up the periphery of the core; an intermediate layer of cellular structure surrounding the core; a light conducting peripheral structure surrounding the intermediate layer of cellular structure; and an outer sheath surrounding the light-conducting peripheral structure. A particular advantage of the optical fibre is that it optimizes the emission of a high-power flux associated with fluorescence collection.

Abstract: A perforated quartz glass tube includes a jacket tube containing a quartz glass material, a plurality of cylindrical glass tubes which are inserted into a pore region of the jacket tube along an axial direction of the jacket tube, and contain a quartz glass material having a softening point higher than a softening point of the jacket tube, and a gap member which is inserted into a gap between the cylindrical glass tubes and a gap between the jacket tube and the cylindrical glass tube, and contains a quartz glass material having a softening point lower than a softening point of the cylindrical glass tube.

Abstract: A hair cutting device for cutting hair on a body of a subject includes a laser light source, and a light guiding element for guiding light from the light source to the cutting element. The cutting element includes an optical waveguide for receiving light from the light guiding element. The light guiding element has a tapered section in which a diameter of the light guiding element reduces from a light source side diameter to a cutting element side diameter. A portion of a sidewall of the optical waveguide of the cutting element forms a cutting face for contacting hair.

Abstract: An optical fiber design method according to the present invention is a design method of a photonic crystal fiber having a plurality of holes arranged in the optical fiber along a longitudinal direction, in which a required effective cross-sectional area is calculated from a light wavelength, a transmission distance, and output power such that, in a cross section, a hole ratio which is an area of the holes per unit area is larger in a central side than in an outer side in a portion corresponding to a cladding, and a fiber structure (hole diameter and hole interval) corresponding to the effective cross-sectional area is calculated.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments generally relate to extruding multiple layers of micro- to nano-polymer layers in a tubular shape. In particular, the aspects of the disclosed embodiments are directed to a method for producing a Bragg reflector comprising co-extrusion of micro- to nano-polymer layers in a tubular shape.

Abstract: A networking system includes a transmitter, a waveguide and a receiver. The transmitter is configured to generate a millimeter-wave signal carrying data. The waveguide is transmissive at millimeter-wave frequencies and is configured to receive the millimeter-wave signal from the transmitter, and to guide the millimeter-wave signal from the transmitter to a downstream location by having a dielectric constant that varies over a transversal cross-section of the waveguide in accordance with a predefined profile. The receiver is configured to receive the millimeter-wave signal guided by the waveguide, and to extract the data carried by the received millimeter-wave signal.

Abstract: A dielectric waveguide and/or a cable for transmission of millimeter-wave signals. The dielectric waveguide and/or the cable comprises an inner core having a dielectric medium adapted to transmit a millimeter-wave signal by carrying an electromagnetic field along the dielectric waveguide and/or the cable. The dielectric medium is a dielectric material having dielectric properties adapted to confine the propagating electromagnetic field to the inner core, while adding low transmission loss at signal frequencies in a millimeter-wave frequency range. The dielectric medium may be provided as a core of solid dielectric material, one or more bundles of fibers that extend along the length of the inner core, or as powder and/or granulate of dielectric material that fills the volume of the inner core. The dielectric material may be quartz or alumina.

Abstract: An optical fiber with multiple openings made from the steps comprising fabricating an extrusion die using at least one additive manufacturing technique such that the extrusion die has a first set of plurality of channels that combine inside the die into a second set of plurality of channels with a different set of shapes and sizes, extruding a glass through the extrusion die, forming a fiber optic preform having a plurality of longitudinal openings that run the entire length of the fiber optic preform, attaching a barrier layer to the fiber optic preform to form a series of channels to which pressure can be applied by a gas, wherein each channel has a pressure that is independently controlled, and stretching the fiber optic preform at an elevated temperature into an optical fiber with multiple openings.

Abstract: An object is to provide a beam propagating method capable of satisfying desired output power and a desired propagation distance and a required condition of beam quality and a method of designing an optical fiber designing the structure of an optical fiber. According to the present invention, an effective core cross-sectional area Aeff is calculated based on desired specification values and, by appropriately adjusting the structure of an optical fiber satisfying the effective core cross-sectional area and the number of modes to be propagated, the structure of the optical fiber is determined. In this way, by controlling the excitation ratio of a high-order mode at the time of coupling laser light in the optical fiber designed as above, light of high-output laser can be propagated a long distance with the beam quality maintained.

Abstract: A method for measuring and dynamically modulating characteristics of slow light in a photonic-crystal coupled-cavity waveguide is set forth. A photonic-crystal structure consists of a series of microcavity components formed by arranging silicon dielectric rods in triangular lattice structure in the substrate of organic polymer polystyrene with an electro-optical effect, a light waveguide structure being along the X direction, and regularly removing single silicon dielectric rods. The present disclosure has the beneficial effects that extremely high slow light effect and high-performance all-optical buffer are realized.