Abstract: Systems and methods for dynamically adapting quality levels of content is disclosed herein. A content transmission system determines whether to reduce streaming bandwidth of a device that transmits content. In response to determining to reduce the streaming bandwidth, the content transmission system identifies a first plurality of frames of the content based on a first context and a second plurality of frames of the content based on a second context. The content transmission system transmits the first plurality of frames at a first quality level based on the first context and the second plurality of frames at a second quality level that is higher than the first quality level based on the second context.

Abstract: A transmission method simultaneously transmitting a first modulated signal and a second modulated signal at a common frequency performs precoding on both signals using a fixed precoding matrix and regularly changes the phase of at least one of the signals, thereby improving received data signal quality for a reception device.

Abstract: A photonic integrated circuit is provided that may include a substrate; one or more optical sources, on the substrate, to output light associated with a corresponding one or more optical signals; one or more waveguides connected to the one or more optical sources; a multiplexer connected to the one or more waveguides; and one or more light absorptive structures, located on the substrate adjacent to one of the one or more optical sources, one of the one or more waveguides, and/or the multiplexer, to absorb a portion of the light associated with at least one of the corresponding one or more optical signals.

Abstract: A spectroscopic scatterometer detects both zero order and higher order radiation diffracted from an illuminated spot on a target grating. The apparatus forms and detects a spectrum of zero order (reflected) radiation, and separately forms and detects a spectrum of the higher order diffracted radiation. Each spectrum is formed using a symmetrical phase grating, so as to form and detect a symmetrical pair of spectra. The pair of spectra can be averaged to obtain a single spectrum with reduced focus sensitivity. Comparing the two spectra can yield information for improving height measurements in a subsequent lithographic step. The target grating is oriented obliquely so that the zero order and higher order radiation emanate from the spot in different planes. Two scatterometers can operate simultaneously, illuminating the target from different oblique directions. A radial transmission filter reduces sidelobes in the spot and reduces product crosstalk.

Abstract: An image noise reduction method is provided. An image is received. A first-stage process is performed to the image to obtain a luminance information Y and a color information Cb and/or Cr corresponding to a pixel array in an YCbCr domain. A second-stage process is performed to the luminance information Y to reduce at least a luminance noise. A third-stage process is performed to the color information Cb and/or Cr to reduce at least a color noise. The luminance information Y and the color information Cb and/or Cr are then combined.