Abstract: A focus method and a photographic device using the method are disclosed. The photographic device comprises a zoom lens, an image analyzing module, a focus distance providing module and a processing module. The zoom lens is used for capturing image information of a plurality of positions; the image analyzing module is used for analyzing contrast values of the image information of the plurality of positions; the focus distance providing module is used for providing a non-equivalent and a constant focus distance interval for capturing the image information of the plurality of positions; and the processing module is electrically connected with the zoom lens, the image analyzing module, and the focus distance providing module. Whereby, the photographic device acquires the image information of the plurality of positions by the non-equivalent focus distance interval and acquires a coarse focus position, and acquires an accurate focus position by the constant focus distance according to the coarse focus position.

Abstract: An imaging device includes a capturing module with at least one lens for capturing an image from a scene, a driving module for driving the at least one lens to different focusing positions using different driving steps, a flat-scene judging module, and a step-judging module. The flat-scene judging module divides the image into a central area and a plurality of peripheral areas, and determines whether the captured scene is a flat scene according to the divided image. The step-judging module determines whether the driving steps corresponding to a maximum focusing value of the central area of the image are same as driving steps corresponding to respective maximum focusing values of the peripheral areas of image, and changes the driving steps corresponding to the maximum focusing value of the central area to the driving steps corresponding to the greatest one of the maximum focusing values of the peripheral areas.

Abstract: A lens apparatus comprises a barrel 100 which houses an imaging optical system including magnification-varying lens units 26 and 27, a focus lens unit 25, and a beam separation element 29 which separates a part of a light beam from an object out of a light beam directed to an imaging surface, operating members 1, 2, and 3 disposed on an outer circumference of the barrel and configured to be manually operated, a drive unit 200 disposed outside the barrel and including actuators 45 and 50 which drives each of the magnification-varying lens unit and the focus lens unit, and a controller 60 which controls the actuator, and a focus detector 31 disposed outside the barrel and configured to detect a focus state of the imaging optical system using the light beam separated by the beam separation element. The focus detector is embedded in the drive unit.

Abstract: Provided is an image pickup apparatus including: a zoom lens unit which moves during zooming; a focus lens unit which moves during focusing; a zoom operation switch having a function for driving the zoom lens unit; a focus detection unit for detecting a focus state on an object located in a focusing area selected from multiple focusing areas within an imaging area; and a drive unit for driving the focus lens unit based on a result obtained by detection of the focus detection unit, in which the zoom operation switch further has a function for switching the selected focusing area.

Abstract: A photographing apparatus includes a drive portion driving a focus lens included in a photographing optical system in a focus adjustment direction when a shutter button is pressed, a photographing portion continuously and sequentially outputting images of an object formed on an image forming surface through the photographing optical system as the shutter button is pressed once, as image data corresponding to the number of all pixels, an in-focus position detection portion detecting an in-focus position of the focus lens based on the image data sequentially output from the photographing portion, an in-focus control portion maintaining the focus lens at the in-focus position by controlling the drive portion based on a result of the detection by the in-focus position detecting portion, and a recording portion sequentially recording the image data output from the photographing portion during which the focus lens is maintained at the in-focus position after the shutter button is pressed.

Abstract: An image-taking apparatus which achieves focusing in a reduced time with higher accuracy of an in-focus position search in a TV-AF method to minimize occurrence of unnatural focus changes. The apparatus includes an image-taking element, a first detector which outputs a focus evaluation value signal based on a predetermined frequency component of an output signal of the image-pickup element, a second detector which outputs a detection signal different from the focus evaluation value signal, and a controller which performs first processing of obtaining information for an in-focus position search of the focus lens based on the focus evaluation value signal. The controller performs second processing of obtaining information on an in-focus position based on the detection signal from the second detector, and performs third processing different depending on a comparison result between the information from the first processing and the information obtained from the second processing.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus to which a lens apparatus is detachably attached includes an image sensor configured to generate an image signal by photoelectrically converting an object image, a first acquisition unit configured to acquire a contrast value of the image signal acquired by the image sensor, a second acquisition unit configured to acquire lens position information at a predetermined time interval, and a focus detection unit configured to detect a focal position based on outputs of the first acquisition unit and the second acquisition unit, wherein the focus detection unit selects the lens position information that corresponds to the contrast value acquired by the first acquisition unit from a plurality of pieces of the lens position information acquired by the second acquisition unit at the predetermined time interval, and detects the focal position.

Abstract: A focus adjustment device includes an image sensor that includes imaging pixels for capturing an image formed via an imaging optical system and focus detection pixels for detecting a focus adjustment state at the imaging optical system through a first pupil division-type image shift detection method, a focus detector that detects a focus adjustment state at the imaging optical system through a second pupil division-type image shift detection method different from the first pupil division-type image shift detection method, and a focus adjustment controller that executes focus adjustment for the imaging optical system based upon the focus adjustment states detected by the image sensor and the focus detector.

Abstract: An infrared (“IR”) camera includes first and second imaging parts for capturing an IR image and a visible light image, respectively. The field of view of the second imaging part at least partially overlaps the field of view of the first imaging part. The first imaging part includes IR optics. The second imaging part includes visible light optics. The IR camera also includes a focus motor for focusing at least one of the IR optics or the visible light optics. A sensor is operable to determine the position of the focus motor. Based on the position of the focus motor, a processor determines actual displacement for aligning the IR and visual light images. The actual displacement includes displacement due to parallax error and error due to the angle between the optical axes of the first and second imaging parts.

Abstract: An exemplary focusing method for enhancing resolution of an optical system is provided. The method includes: focusing on an object and obtaining an image of the object by a lens assembly of the optical system, using a designated point within a motion range of an auto focusing (AF) lens in the lens assembly to calculate; determine a first coordinate and a second coordinate of the AF lens according to resolution of the image; obtaining a direction and distance for positioning the AF lens according to the two coordinates, driving the AF lens to move along the direction of motion, and limiting the range of motion of the AF lens to obtain an optimum focusing location to focus on the object according to the motion distance. A related system is also provided.

Abstract: The invention provides a compact camera module. The compact camera module includes an image sensing device, a set of optical elements, and a zooming device. The set of optical elements connects to the image sensing device, and comprises a lens set. The zooming device connects to the set of optical elements for adjusting a distance between the lens set and the image sensing device. The zooming device directly electrically joins with the image sensing device.

Abstract: A lens apparatus comprises a barrel 100 which houses an imaging optical system including magnification-varying lens units 26 and 27, a focus lens unit 25, and a beam separation element 29 which separates a part of a light beam from an object out of a light beam directed to an imaging surface, operating members 1, 2, and 3 disposed on an outer circumference of the barrel and configured to be manually operated, a drive unit 200 disposed outside the barrel and including actuators 45 and 50 which drives each of the magnification-varying lens unit and the focus lens unit, and a controller 60 which controls the actuator, and a focus detector 31 disposed outside the barrel and configured to detect a focus state of the imaging optical system using the light beam separated by the beam separation element. The focus detector is embedded in the drive unit.

Abstract: A focus adjustment device includes an image sensor that includes imaging pixels for capturing an image formed via an imaging optical system and focus detection pixels for detecting a focus adjustment state at the imaging optical system, a focus detector that detects a focus adjustment state at the imaging optical system, and a focus adjustment controller that executes focus adjustment for the imaging optical system based upon the focus adjustment states detected with the image sensor and the focus detector.

Abstract: A camera has a contrast detector that successively detects contrast data of an object image that is formed on a light-receiving surface of an image sensor, and a focus detector that successively calculates a difference value between currently detected contrast data and previously detected contrast data, and that detects a focused situation on the basis of the difference value and the detected contrast data. The camera further has a focus adjuster that drives a photographing optical system so as continuously to shift an image-formed surface from a given position along an optical axis. While the photographing optical system is driven, the focus detector determines whether the image-formed surface surpasses a focused-position corresponding to a position of the light-receiving surface, on the basis of a decreasing-amount of the difference value.

Abstract: In an optical zoom tracking apparatus and method, and a computer-readable recording medium for performing the optical zoom tracking, the optical zoom tracking apparatus commands a focus lens to move according to a continuous zooming operation, such that a clear image can be maintained while the image is continuously zoomed in or out, resulting in the effective use of limited power if an optical zoom function of a digital camera or mobile phone is executed. The optical zoom tracking apparatus includes: a zoom lens, a focus lens interoperable with the zoom lens, a zoom-lens drive moving the zoom lens, a focus-lens drive moving the focus lens, and a focus-lens controller for determining a moving distance of the focus lens according to a moving distance of the zoom lens, and transmitting a control signal corresponding to the moving distance of the focus lens to the focus-lens drive.

Abstract: An image-pickup apparatus includes a first detector generating first information corresponding to a contrast state, a focus lens controller, a second detector outputting second information used for calculating an in-focus position, and a focus lens position detector. If the difference between the detected focus lens position and the calculated in-focus position is equal to or greater than a first value, the controller moves the focus lens towards the calculated in-focus position, and if the difference is less than the first value, the controller repeats focus control using the first information without using the second information. The apparatus reduces discontinuous movements of the focus lens.

Abstract: A distance measuring apparatus and method in which a target subject is detected from image data obtained through imaging, the distance to the object is calculated based on the size of the target subject, and the distance to the target subject is further measured using a distance measuring sensor. Then, a subject distance is determined according to the size of the detected target subject, and based on the distance to the target subject calculated based on the size of the target subject and/or the distance to the target subject obtained by the distance measuring sensor.

Abstract: The optical apparatus includes a focus signal generator generating a focus signal from a photoelectrical conversion signal of an optical image formed by an optical system including a first lens unit for zooming and a second lens unit for focusing, a memory storing data indicating a relationship between positions of the first and second lens units, the data being generated for each predetermined in-focus distance. The controller moves the second lens unit in infinite and close directions. The controller changes a movement amount of a center position of the movement of the second lens unit in the infinite and close directions according to at least one selected from information on an operation of the optical system, information on a state of the optical system, and information on a photoelectric conversion operation of the optical image.

Abstract: A focus adjustment device includes an image sensor that includes imaging pixels for capturing an image formed via an imaging optical system and focus detection pixels for detecting a focus adjustment state at the imaging optical system through a first pupil division-type image shift detection method, a focus detector that detects a focus adjustment state at the imaging optical system through a second pupil division-type image shift detection method different from the first pupil division-type image shift detection method, and a focus adjustment controller that executes focus adjustment for the imaging optical system based upon the focus adjustment states detected by the image sensor and the focus detector.

Abstract: A blur correction camera system includes a blur correction lens driven based upon the vibration detection signal detected by an angular velocity sensor, that corrects an image blur, a point-image function computing unit that computes a point spread function, and an image restoration computing unit that corrects an image blur by executing image restoration through image processing on a captured image by using the point spread function. The image blur that cannot be completely corrected by the blur correction lens is further corrected through image restoration so as to obtain a high quality image.

Abstract: Provided is an image pickup apparatus including: a zoom lens unit which moves during zooming; a focus lens unit which moves during focusing; a zoom operation switch having a function for driving the zoom lens unit; a focus detection unit for detecting a focus state on an object located in a focusing area selected from multiple focusing areas within an imaging area; and a drive unit for driving the focus lens unit based on a result obtained by detection of the focus detection unit, in which the zoom operation switch further has a function for switching the selected focusing area.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a device and method for automatically controlling continuous auto focus. The device includes a lens unit installed in a camera module, and configured to receive images of an external subject; a lens actuation unit for moving the lens unit along an optical axis so as to focus on a subject; an image sensor for receiving the external images, converting the external images into image signals, and outputting the image signals; a computation unit for detecting focus values and feature parameters; a mode determination unit for automatically performing switching between general mode, specific mode and tracking mode, setting the mode, and automatically setting a fixed or variable window according to the set mode using the detected feature parameters; and a lens control unit for generating a control signal for controlling the lens actuation unit so as to perform continuous auto focus according to the detected focus values.

Abstract: A lens-controlling device controls a first lens unit which moves for zooming and a second lens unit which moves for correcting the displacement of an image plane caused by zooming and for focusing. The lens-controlling device includes a memory which stores data for obtaining target-position information representing a target position to which the second lens unit is to be moved, the target position corresponding to a position to which the first lens unit is moved from a current position and a controller which generates the target-position information on the basis of the data and controls the movement of the second lens unit on the basis of position information of the first lens unit and the target-position information.

Abstract: A mobile terminal and auto-focusing method for the same are disclosed. The auto-focusing method uses a lens position error compensation and includes: detecting a target object during a photograph mode; determining a lens position at which a focus value gradient related to the detected target object changes sign while moving a lens of the camera module in units of one step size; and performing lens position compensation by moving the lens to the found lens position. As a result, the lens position errors caused by a conventional a voice coil motor are compensated, thereby providing rapid and fine auto-focusing.

Abstract: An electronic camera includes: (a) a first imaging stage comprising a first image sensor; a first lens for forming a first image on the first image sensor; and a first lens focus adjuster for adjusting focus of the first lens responsive to a first focus detection signal; and (b) a second imaging stage comprising a second image sensor; a second lens for forming a second image on the second image sensor; and a second lens focus adjuster for adjusting focus of the second lens responsive to a second focus detection signal. A processing stage (a) selects the sensor output from the first imaging stage and uses the sensor output from the second imaging stage to generate the first focus detection signal, (b) selects the sensor output from the second imaging stage and uses the sensor output from the first imaging stage to generate the second focus detection signal.

Abstract: A lens apparatus which can remove a backlash positively is provided. In the lens apparatus, a drive source is controlled so as to performing: moving a focus lens from a reference position toward one end of an optical lens stroke, and moving the focus lens toward the other end of the optical lens stroke. When the focus lens reaches the other end of the optical lens stroke, the drive source is controlled so as to perform moving the focus toward the reference position, and further, when a focus point position is determined to be between the reference position and the other end of the optical lens stroke as well as when it is detected that the focus lens reaches the reference position, the drive source is controlled so as to perform moving the focus lens from the reference position toward one end of the optical lens stroke by an amount to removal of a backlash, and moving the focus lens up to the focus point position.

Abstract: An imaging device includes an imaging element that receives a subject light flux from an imaging lens that forms a subject image, and converts the subject light flux to an electrical signal; and a control device that selects one of first imaging preparatory processing for executing imaging preparatory processing based upon an output signal from the imaging element and second imaging preparatory processing for executing imaging preparatory processing based upon an output signal from a light receiving element other than the imaging element in correspondence to an extent of decentering of the imaging lens.

Abstract: A lens control device, for controlling driving of a second lens unit for correcting image movement regarding movement of a variating first lens unit, comprises: a storage unit for storing data indicating the position of the second lens unit corresponding to the position of the first lens unit created for a predetermined focal distance; a control unit for generating information to control driving of the second lens unit based on the data, and for controlling driving of the second lens unit based on this information; and a distance detecting unit for detecting distance to the focus object; wherein the control unit restricts the range of the generated information based on the detection results from the distance detecting unit. Or, the control unit controls driving for the second lens unit to generate the information, and performs weighting based on detection results from the distance detecting unit relating to driving control.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for focusing an image on a pixel array. The method includes the steps of continuously changing the distance between a lens and a pixel array between a first distance and a second distance and obtaining an image projected onto the pixel array through the distance is changing. The apparatus includes a lens and an electromechanical structure to continuously change the distance between the lens and the pixel array between the first distance and the second distance.

Abstract: A digital camera is provided with a photographing lens, an image capturing element, which is configured to capture an optical image of an object formed by the photographing lens, a coarse movement control system configured to control a position of the photographing lens in a direction of an optical axis by a motor, and a fine movement control system configured to control a position of an image receiving area of the image capturing element in the direction of the optical axis is provided.

Abstract: The embodiments of the invention relate to automatic focusing methods and apparatus suitable for use in digital imaging devices. The proposed methods and apparatus evaluate the focus condition of the optical system by evaluating the digitized image, without requiring additional hardware besides the digital image-capture signal flow path. A method for computing the appropriate direction and magnitude of optical system adjustment, based on the evaluated focus condition, is provided. The computed quantities are communicated to the lens driving apparatus to reposition and adjust the optical system and to incrementally obtain a better focus. Upon reaching a desired focus quality, the device is prevented from controlling the lens driving apparatus.

Abstract: A lens apparatus configured to be mountable on a camera body having an image sensor includes a first focus lens unit, a splitting optical unit disposed between the first focus lens unit and the image sensor, a second focus lens unit disposed between the splitting optical unit and the image sensor, the second focus lens unit being movable from an initial position along an optical axis to vary a focusing state, a focusing state detection unit configured to detect the focusing state using a light flux from the splitting optical unit, an actuator configured to drive the first focus lens unit, and a controller configured to control driving of the actuator according to an output from the focusing state detection unit. The controller stops driving of the actuator if the second focus lens unit is located at a position different from the initial position.

Abstract: A method for automatic focus for an image capture device comprising a lens, the method comprising, for a first lens position, processing image data generated at a plurality of local focus positions of the lens in order to generate first metric data representing a focus measure for the first lens position, adjusting the lens position on the basis of the first metric data, and generating corresponding second metric data for at least one local focus position at the new lens position, and determining an estimated point of true focus for the lens on the basis of the first and second metric data.

Abstract: This invention provides a technique of stably focusing on a major object without any sense of discomfort regardless of differences in lens unit type in a camera body on which a lens unit can be detachably mounted. For this purpose, the type of lens unit connected to the camera is determined. Cutoff frequencies are then set for a low-pass filter and high-pass filter on the basis of the determination result. With regard to frequency component data in predetermined area of an image sensor, a peak hold circuit, integrator, and difference peak hold circuit each generate evaluate value information. A camera microcomputer transmits the obtained evaluate value information to a lens microcomputer in the lens unit.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus includes: a control unit configured to detect a focus position by moving a focusing lens before and after a preset position which is a focusing lens position set by a focus preset function, with the control unit setting a scan range which is a movement range of the focusing lens to a different range according to a setting state of a zoom lens, obtaining an AF evaluation value along with movement of the focusing lens within the set scan range, and determining a focus position based on the obtained AF evaluation value.

Abstract: An optical instrument including an AF circuit 12 for obtaining focus detection information, focus position detecting means 14 for detecting a position of a focus lens, an extender optical system 9, position detecting means 16 for detecting a position of the extender optical system 9, and a lens control portion 13 for generating a focus driving signal from the focus detection information, the focus lens position information and the position information, wherein driving of the focus lens is controlled by the focus driving signal via a focus motor 20.

Abstract: FIGS. 2A˜2D are object display frames corresponding to respective portrait photography modes and distance information corresponding to respective portrait photography modes is stored in a distance information table of memory (Refer to FIG. 2E). When the user selects a portrait photography mode, an object display frame corresponding to the portrait photography mode is displayed on an image display section. The user can adjust the object to be photographed in this object display frame while observing the object display frame (Refer to FIG. 2F). Then, when the shutter button is depressed, the distance information corresponding to this selected portrait photography mode is read from the distance information table and the focus lens is driven based on the readout distance information.

Abstract: A camera includes a light transmitter configured to transmit light pulses at a first rate, a light receiver configured to receive return signals corresponding to the light pulses transmitted by the light transmitter, and a sampler configured to sample electrical signals corresponding to the return signals received by the light receiver, wherein the sampler is configured to sample the electrical signals at a second rate that is lower than the first rate.

Abstract: A camera system with function of automatically coordinating flash intensity includes a lens, an image sensor, a focus system, a focus sensor and a control unit. The lens controls light amount that entrance into camera. The focusing system drives the lens to focus thereby forming a clear image on the image sensor. The focus sensor senses first step information of the focusing system during the focusing process, and sending the information to a control unit. The control unit transforms the result of the focusing system to a distance that the object apart from the camera, and configures out the guide number with the aperture number thereby calculating the flash intensity. The present camera systems may measure the distance that the objects apart from the camera, and low down the cost and power consumption. The camera systems may also precisely control the flash intensity thereby coordinating the exposure effect.

Abstract: A method for focusing by using a pre-flash is provided. The method includes the following steps. First, the image sensor captures a first image of the object, wherein the average brightness of the first image is calculated to be Y0. Next, the image sensor captures a second image of the object with the aid of a first pre-flash having a first energy, wherein the average brightness of the second image is calculated to be Y1. Afterwards, the image sensor captures a third image of the object with the aid of a second pre-flash having a second energy, wherein the average brightness of the third image is calculated to be Y2. Then, the distance D to the object is calculated according to the brightness Y0 and the difference ?Y between Y1 and Y2. Finally, the image sensor adjusts the focus according to the distance D.

Abstract: The combined actuator described can be incorporated into a miniaturized camera product. In the camera product, the shutter driver uses the focus or zoom actuator's power amplifiers to control the current flow in shutter actuators. As such, the space needed for the camera's electronics is smaller and it is less expensive to manufacture the camera product.

Abstract: A lens controlling apparatus is disclosed, which is capable of preventing an execution of irrelevant AF control in a combination of TV-AF method and an AF method other than the TV-AF method. The lens controlling apparatus comprises: a first signal generating section generating a first signal showing a contrast state of an object image on the basis of a predetermined frequency component of a signal; a second signal generating section generating a second signal by a focus detecting method different from that in the first signal generating section; and a controller, which selects one of a first focus control operation based on the first signal and a second focus control operation based on the second signal in accordance with each change amount of the first and second signals.

Abstract: A camera has a contrast detection section which detects contrast of an object image signal obtained through a taking lens, and a multipoint distance measuring section which ranges a plurality of points in a photographic screen through a pair of optical systems different from the taking lens. A first focus adjustment section focuses the taking lens in accordance with a detection result of the contrast detection section, and a second focus adjustment section focuses the same based on a distance measuring result of the multipoint distance measuring section. A position determination section determines a position of a main object in the photographing screen from the distance measuring result, and when it determines that the main object is positioned on a center, the first focus adjustment section is operated by a selection section, and when the main object is positioned on a periphery, the second focus adjustment section is operated.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an imaging device having a lens including a zoom lens and a focus lens; an image sensor for outputting an imaging result of an optical image formed by the lens; a signal processor for processing the imaging result to output a video signal; a detector for processing the video signal to output an evaluation value indicative of the degree of focusing; a memory for storing data of an imaging range where a focused image is ensured, by using a cam curve of the lens; and a controller for moving the focus lens in concert with the zoom lens; wherein when a focal depth detected according to a current position of the zoom lens is less than the imaging range at the current position of the zoom lens, the controller performs autofocus control using the evaluation value to move the focus lens; and when the focal depth is greater than the imaging range at the current position of the zoom lens, the controller performs focus control by the cam curve to move the focus lens.

Abstract: At least one exemplary embodiment is directed to an imaging apparatus which includes a rear-focus-type lens system configured to perform autofocusing on the basis of a video signal received from an image pickup device. The imaging apparatus can determine a distance from a subject on the basis of correlation information (cam locus) detailing a correlation between the position of a zoom lens and the focus position of a focus lens, with respect to infrared light and visible light, and selects or calculates and determines a cam locus to be used.

Abstract: A lens control device, for controlling driving of a second lens unit for correcting image movement regarding movement of a variating first lens unit, comprises: a storage unit for storing data indicating the position of the second lens unit corresponding to the position of the first lens unit created for a predetermined focal distance; a control unit for generating information to control driving of the second lens unit based on the data, and for controlling driving of the second lens unit based on this information; and a distance detecting unit for detecting distance to the focus object; wherein the control unit restricts the range of the generated information based on the detection results from the distance detecting unit. Or, the control unit controls driving for the second lens unit to generate the information, and performs weighting based on detection results from the distance detecting unit relating to driving control.

Abstract: A system constructs an image using virtual lenslets.

Abstract: A lens retracting structure includes a housing, an image-forming lens set moveably supported on two parallel guide rods inside the housing, and a driving mechanism for moving the image-forming lens set along the parallel guide rods between a first position and a second position by means of the engagement of a threaded coupling member of the image-forming lens set with a threaded shaft which is rotatably driven by a motor of the driving mechanism.

Abstract: A drive controller of a lens apparatus including a first lens unit movable to perform manual focus and a second lens unit disposed closer to an image than the first lens unit. The drive controller includes a detection device detecting a focal state of the lens apparatus, a storage device storing the detected focal state, and a control device controlling focus by driving the second lens unit to a focal position based on the detected focal state. The control device performs a compensation operation on the manual focus with the focus control after completion of the manual focus. The drive controller eliminates a clutch mechanism for selecting drive systems for the manual focus and focus adjustment and performs a focus adjustment (a compensation operation) after completion of the manual focus while minimizing a space needed for a rear focus unit to move.

Abstract: An electrostatic actuator includes a stator having an electrode substrate, a movable unit having a movable element and an electrode arranged opposite to the electrode substrate, a plurality of first operation modules each of which issues an operation command for realizing a first operation, a plurality of second operation modules each of which issues an operation command for realizing a second operation, a module selector which selectively enables one first operation module of the first operation modules and selectively enables one second operation module of the second operation modules, an actuator drive module which generates a waveform signal on the basis of the operation command from the enabled first operation module and the operation command from the enabled second operation module and a switching circuit which converts the waveform signal into a voltage to apply the voltage to the electrode substrate.