Abstract: Systems, apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture are disclosed for code merging in communication systems. An example apparatus includes at least one memory, machine-readable instructions, and processor circuitry to at least one of instantiate or execute the machine-readable instructions to at least identify first data as line-of-sight data based on a first range of a first target object, identify second data as multipath data based on a second range of a second target object, after a determination that the second data includes a data portion not included in the first data, output communication data based on a merge of the first data and the second data, and cause movement of at least one of the first target object or the second target object based on the communication data.

Abstract: An optical communication system which is tunable and polarization insensitive is provided herein. The optical communication system may comprise an optical bench coupling an optical transmit pathway and an optical receiving pathway to an external pathway. The optical bench includes a polarization insensitive optical circulator. The system may further include a tunable component positioned along the optical receiving pathway, and a controller coupled to the tunable component.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an information processing apparatus, an information processing method, and a program that allow for preventing a decrease in marker recognition rate. Display of a content image that moves in a first display surface on which a marker image is displayed in a display form in which at least a part of the marker image is not shielded is controlled on the basis of first information regarding feature points of the marker image displayed on the first display surface of a terminal device; and second information regarding the feature points of the marker image on the first display surface in the display form is acquired from image data of a captured image obtained by imaging the first display surface, and a position and an orientation of the terminal device are detected on the basis of the image data.

Abstract: A communication system has a plurality of LEO satellites in a specified orbital plane and a plurality of trunk satellites in a medium earth orbit. Each LEO satellite acquires satellite-specific data and includes inter-satellite links with adjacent LEO satellites. Each trunk satellite includes inter-satellite links adjacent trunk satellites. One of the trunk satellites operates as a relay trunk satellite in position to maintain optical communication with a specified ground station on the Earth. Each LEO satellite has a limited field of regard to establish optical communication with any trunk satellite. A relay LEO satellite is configured to establish optical communication with a corresponding trunk satellite. The plurality of LEO satellites relay aggregated data to the relay LEO satellite. The relay LEO satellite relays the aggregated data to the corresponding trunk satellite. The relay trunk satellite relays the received aggregated data to the corresponding ground station.

Abstract: In an example method, a first computer system accesses, via a first communication network, data for transmission to a second computer system, generates an optical representation of the data, and presents the optical representation of the data to the second computer system via a free space communications link. Further, the second computer system receives the optical representation of the data from the first computer system via the free space communications link, determines the data based on the optical representation of the data, and transmits the data to one or more additional computer systems via a second communications network.

Abstract: An antenna arrangement comprises a body which in turn comprises a plurality of antenna devices, the antenna arrangement being characterized in that the body has a flexible structure and an elongated shape.

Abstract: A method for shaping a mmWave wireless channel in a wireless network is presented. The method includes enabling communication between a multi-antenna transmitter and a multi-antenna receiver, positioning a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) in a vicinity of the multi-antenna transmitter and the multi-antenna receiver, constructing the RIS as a uniform planar array (UPA) structure forming a multi-beamforming framework, a surface of the UPA defining an array of discrete elements arranged in a grid pattern, wherein parameters of the discrete elements of the UPA are controllable to achieve multiple disjoint beams covering different solid angles, and enabling the plurality of users of the plurality of mobile devices positioned in blind spots of a coverage map to communicate with the multi-antenna transmitter by employing the MS to generate sharp and effective beams having almost uniform gain in a desired angular coverage interval (ACI).

Abstract: An optical wireless communication (OWC) transceiver apparatus includes at least one light transmitter configured to transmit light of a first wavelength or first range of wavelengths, driver circuitry configured to receive a data signal and to process the data signal to produce a driving signal to drive the at least one light transmitter such that the at least one light transmitter produces a modulated optical signal representative of said data signal, at least one photodetector configured to receive light of a second wavelength or second range of wavelengths and to produce a detection signal in response to the received light, receiver circuitry configured to receive and process the detection signal to produce a receiver signal, and demodulation circuitry configured to perform a decoding and/or demodulation process in accordance with an OWC protocol thereby to extract data from the receiver signal.

Abstract: An optical routing device that includes a mounting component which includes a rechargeable battery and a processor that communicates over-the-air with a master communication device or one or more service communication devices via RF supervisory links. The processor receives an instruction via the RF supervisory links to control a movement of the mounting component along with the optical routing component such that an angle or a direction of deflection of laser beams from an optical routing component of optical routing device is changed. The optical routing component includes two distinct laser beam handling regions configured to handle plurality of laser beams concurrently in which first laser beam in first wavelength is deflected via first region for downstream data communication in downstream path and second laser beam in second wavelength is deflected via second region for upstream data communication in upstream path for free-space optical communication independent of optical fibers.

Abstract: Provided herein are various enhanced systems, apparatuses, and techniques for optical communication among a constellation of satellites. One example includes establishing an initial cross-connect configuration comprising optical communication links among a constellation of satellites. In the initial cross-connect configuration, the satellites can optically communicate with both adjacently positioned and non-adjacently positioned satellites in the constellation. The satellites obtain angular states of the optical communication links resultant from orbital motion of the satellites. When angular states of a portion of the optical communication links reach an exclusion range, the satellites establish a subsequent cross-connect configuration to avoid optically communicating within the exclusion range.

Abstract: System, method, and instrumentalities are described herein for transmitting information optically. The optical source may be configured to generate a beam. The beam may include a series of light pulses. The beam of light may be modulated. A modulator may be configured to modulate the series of light pulses in response to a data transmission signal, thereby encoding transmission data into the series of light pulses. The modulated beam of light may be received and both amplified and filtered. The filtered beam of light may be transmitted from to a detector having a photoreceiver. The photoreceiver may be configured to extract the transmission data from the filtered beam of light.

Abstract: A method can include an integrated circuit device, determining if first communication circuits are operating in a first mode that wirelessly receives data at a first rate or a second mode that wirelessly receives data at a second rate that is lower than the first rate. If the first communication circuits are operating in the second mode, transmitting signals with the second communication circuits at a first power level, and if operating in the first mode, transmitting signals with the second communication circuits at a second power level that is lower than the first power level. In the first mode, X symbols per data bit are received and in the second mode, Y symbols per data bit are received, where X<Y. Corresponding devices and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for transmitting a signal by a transmission terminal in optical wireless communication. The method may comprise: applying a phase pattern to the wavefront of an optical signal; and transmitting the optical signal. Further, the phase pattern may be determined on the basis of the optical phase conversion characteristics of a phase mask provided in the transmission terminal.

Abstract: An optical wireless communication device includes a processing component which is configured to produce transmitted digital signals during transmission periods; a light source which is configured to produce transmitted light signals from transmitted analog signals; a shutdown circuit which is configured to selectively activate or deactivate the light source; the processing component including a binary output to which it applies a binary control signal which is in a first state during the transmission periods and in a second state outside the transmission periods, the shutdown circuit being configured to activate the light source when the binary control signal is in the first state and to deactivate the light source when the binary control signal is in the second state.

Abstract: A smart light source configured for visible light communication. The light source includes a controller comprising a modem configured to receive a data signal and generate a driving current and a modulation signal based on the data signal. Additionally, the light source includes a light emitter configured as a pump-light device to receive the driving current for producing a directional electromagnetic radiation with a first peak wavelength in the ultra-violet or blue wavelength regime modulated to carry the data signal using the modulation signal. Further, the light source includes a pathway configured to direct the directional electromagnetic radiation and a wavelength converter optically coupled to the pathway to receive the directional electromagnetic radiation and to output a white-color spectrum. Furthermore, the light source includes a beam shaper configured to direct the white-color spectrum for illuminating a target of interest and transmitting the data signal.

Abstract: A method for correcting a distorted image includes: acquiring a first coordinate of each pixel in a distorted image to be corrected; determining internal parameters for shooting the distorted image; acquiring a second coordinate corresponding to the first coordinate based on a corresponding relationship between the internal parameters and image distortion degrees, in which the second coordinate is an undistorted coordinate; acquiring a distance between the first coordinate and a coordinate of a center point of the distorted image, and determining a smoothing processing coefficient corresponding to the distance based on a smoothing processing function, in which the smoothing processing function is configured to indicate a proportional relationship between the distance and the smoothing processing coefficient; and acquiring a distortion correction image by performing smoothing correction on each first coordinate based on the smoothing processing coefficient and the second coordinate.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for outputting optically-input texts and a method controlling thereof. The apparatus includes: a light source array, including a plurality of light-emitting diodes disposed in an array; a driver, connected to all the light-emitting diodes in the light array, and configured to detect whether each of the light-emitting diodes has detected a drive optical signal from the outside, and drives the corresponding light-emitting diode to be turned on in response to detecting that the drive optical signal has been detected from the outside; a processor, connected to the light source array and the driver, and configured to recognize a target pattern formed by all the light-emitting diodes that have been turned on; and a controller, including a display screen, and configured to determine a text matching the target pattern as an output text, and displays the output text on the display screen.

Abstract: System, method, and instrumentalities are described herein for transmitting information optically. The optical source may be configured to generate a beam. The beam may include a series of light pulses. The beam of light may be modulated. A modulator may be configured to modulate the series of light pulses in response to a data transmission signal, thereby encoding transmission data into the series of light pulses. The modulated beam of light may be received and both amplified and filtered. The filtered beam of light may be transmitted from to a detector having a photoreceiver. The photoreceiver may be configured to extract the transmission data from the filtered beam of light.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides intelligent lighting control systems. The lighting control systems include a switch control circuit including a processor configured to cause a transmitter communicably coupled to the processor to initiate direct wireless communication with a mobile electronic device via a wireless protocol, the mobile electronic device operating a mobile application and communicably coupled to a remote server system via a dual factor authentication. The processor is configured to broadcast a device pin to the mobile electronic device via the wireless protocol, wherein the device pin comprises one or more of a serial number, a UUID and an actuator state. The processor is configured to obtain Wi-Fi credentials from the application via an encrypted exchange with the mobile electronic device. The processor is configured to initiate an authentication sequence with the remote server system using the Wi-Fi credentials and the device pin.

Abstract: An orientation direction control device includes: an orientation direction control information acquisition unit to acquire orientation direction control information for controlling an orientation direction in which a first optical communication terminal as a first transmission/reception device transmits and receives light; and a capture and tracking control unit as an orientation direction control unit to control an orientation direction in which a second optical communication terminal as a second transmission/reception device transmits and receives the light or a radio wave on the basis of the orientation direction control information acquired by the orientation direction control information acquisition unit.

Abstract: A system includes an optical fiber assembly, a receiver and a telescope, the receiver being positioned at a receiving end of the optical fiber assembly, the telescope being positioned at a collecting end, the receiver being arranged to receive uplink modulated light signals collected by the telescope and travelling through the optical fiber assembly, the telescope comprising an optical concentrator having an inlet face and an outlet face with a surface area smaller than that of the inlet face, the telescope further including a gradient-index lens dispose d coaxially with respect to the optical concentrator so that an inlet face of the gradient-index lens extends opposite the outlet face of the optical concentrator, the collecting end of the optical fiber assembly opening out opposite an outlet face of the gradient-index lens.

Abstract: A two-beam steering device comprising two single-beam steering devices and a motorized, rotating base stage, wherein each single-beam steering device is able to steer an electromagnetic wave beam in a full field of regard, wherein the two single-beam steering devices are fixed on top of the rotating base stage. The two-beam steering device can point the two individual beams into any direction pair in the entire field of regard with full flexibility.

Abstract: An apparatus and method arbitrates bidirectional optical communication across optical link ends of independent controller area network buses. A mobile device has a battery management system and a first controller area network bus having a first optical link end, and a charging station has a second controller area network bus having a second optical link end. When the mobile device aligns with the charging station for charging, the optical links ends align to allow communication between the battery management system and the charging station regarding charging the battery. The arbiter apparatus is operationally interposed between the optical link ends and arbitrates the bidirectional communication by delaying a subsequent communication from one of the battery management system and the charging station until a dominant bit of a prior communication is released, thereby preventing the controller area network buses from transmitting simultaneously across the optical link ends.

Abstract: An optical wireless communication (OWC) device comprises: a receiver comprising: a dual-wavelength filter configured to filter light arriving at the receiver, wherein the dual-wavelength filter is configured to pass light of a first frequency and light of a second, different frequency, and wherein the dual-wavelength filter is configured to substantially block light of a third frequency between the first frequency and second frequency; and a photodetector configured to receive the filtered light and to sense modulated light of the first frequency and/or modulated light of the second frequency to produce at least one receiver signal; demodulation circuitry and a processing resource for performing a demodulation and processing with respect to the at least one receiver signal to obtain data encoded in the modulated light of the first frequency and/or data encoded in the modulated light of the second frequency; a transmitter comprising a light source configured to output modulated light of the third frequency; a

Abstract: Tracking control of a light beam is achieved at high speed and with good precision, without requiring preparation of an optical system that causes high signal loss when coupling a reception light beam with an optical fiber. A reception device for optical space communication comprises: fibers having a plurality of propagation modes with spatially different characteristics; an optical coupling system for coupling the reception light beam to the fibers; and a mode separator that separates the coupled light into a plurality of propagation modes, the adjustment axes of the optical coupling system for coupling the reception light beam to one end of the fibers being controlled on the basis of the total coupling strength to all of the modes, and the priority of control of the axes being adjusted on the basis of information about the coupling strength ratio for each mode.

Abstract: A visual light communication emitter for a vehicle, arranged to communicate a status of the vehicle, includes a first light emitter arranged to emit flash light which is modulated at a first target frequency in a dedicated non-visible spectrum, and a second light emitter arranged to emit flash light which is modulated at a second target frequency in the dedicated non-visible spectrum. A difference between the first target frequency and the second target frequency is predetermined, so as to authenticate the status of the vehicle.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an optical tag-based information apparatus interaction method and system. The method includes: using a terminal device to perform image acquisition on an optical tag at a relative fixed position to an information apparatus so as to determine a position and an attitude of the terminal device relative to the optical tag; determining, in conjunction with a predetermined position of each information apparatus relative to the optical tag, the position of the terminal device relative to each information apparatus; acquiring an imaging position of each information apparatus on a display screen of the terminal device, and displaying an interactive interface of each information apparatus at the imaging position thereof on the display screen, such that an interactive operation can be performed on each information apparatus.

Abstract: The system comprises a first display mounted in a fixed position, a computer system coupled to the first display and a handheld computing device, wherein the first display is larger than the second display, the first display has a wider field of view than the second display, the first display establishes an optical link with the second display, the first display and the second display renders a virtual reality model of a scene with moving objects and asynchronous visual events. The handheld computing device is configured to scan machine-readable code embedded in asynchronous visual events, the result of scanning indicates location of the asynchronous visual events and transmits the location of the synchronous visual events to one or more remote computing devices using one or more wireless link, and in response to transmission of the location, modify the virtual reality model of the scene rendered on the first display.

Abstract: An example device may include an optical modulator configured to generate an optical beam encoding network data, an optical power amplifier configured to adjust a transmitted power of the optical beam, and a transmit beam angle mechanism configured to adjust a beam direction of the optical beam and to transmit the optical beam to a remote receiver over a free-space optical link. Example devices may include a controller configured to receive backchannel data from the remote receiver and modify a characteristic of the optical beam based on the backchannel data. Various other devices, systems, and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A device that is capable of determining its relative position with regard to another device. The device accomplishes this by receiving and analyzing two sets of information emitted by the device whose unique identifier and relative position is to be determined. The first set of information received by the device includes a structured light pattern with a known geometric configuration reflected off a surface in view of both devices. The second set of information received by the device includes a digital communication signal that encodes the unique identifier of the emitting device. Both sets of information may be transmitted on a free space optical communication channel that can be non-directed and non-line of sight.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for facilitating a photovoltaic device to provide a wireless communication channel. The apparatus comprises a switch connected in parallel with the photovoltaic device and configured for driving the photovoltaic device to produce optical signals carrying sensed data to be transmitted; and a control module connected with the switch and configured for receiving electrical sensing signals and generate a control signal to control the switch. The apparatus provided by the present invention is extremely durable. Compared to existing communication technologies which require extra hardware, the apparatus provided by the present invention is simpler and can be integrated into a single component.

Abstract: A function disabler system includes a personal electronic device having at least one component such as a camera, and a processor having pulsed light communication software enabling receipt and transmission of pulsed light communication signals. The processor additionally includes a hosting customer software application, where the personal electronic device receives at least one pulsed light communication signal within a designated area and the pulsed light communication signal includes an instruction signal which instructs the hosting customer software application to disable the at least one component when the personal electronic device is positioned in the designated area.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to a free space optical (FSO) terminal that transmits and receives (e.g., data-encoded) optical beams. The FSO terminal includes a fore optic (e.g., telescope) and a chromatic Risley prism pair. A receive (Rx) optical beam is received through the fore optic, and a transmit (Tx) optical beam is transmitted through the fore optic. The chromatic Risley prism pair is positioned along the optical paths of both the Rx and Tx optical beams. Since the Rx and Tx optical beams have different wavelengths and the chromatic Risley prism pair has a wavelength dependence, the chromatic Risley prism pair creates an angular separation between the Rx and Tx optical beams. A controller controls the Risley prism pair (and possibly also the wavelength of the Tx optical beam) to achieve a desired angular separation between the Rx and Tx optical beams in free space.

Abstract: Disclosed are a signal transmission and reception method and device in a wireless communication system. A method for receiving a signal by a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present specification comprises the steps of: receiving configuration relating to a signal which is down-converted in frequency on the basis of an O/E converter; and receiving the signal in a particular resource region on the basis of the configuration. A frequency domain of the particular resource region comprises a plurality of chunks. The chunks comprise at least one component carrier (CC). The configuration comprises information indicating a main chunk relating to differential phase shift keying (DPSK). The transmission of the signal is on the basis of the DPSK applied between the chunks in the frequency domain with respect to the main chunk.

Abstract: Spherical or hemispherical non-visible light depth detection includes projecting a hemispherical non-visible light static structured light pattern, in response to projecting the hemispherical non-visible light static structured light pattern, detecting non-visible light, determining three-dimensional depth information based on the detected non-visible light and the projected hemispherical non-visible light static structured light pattern, and outputting the three-dimensional depth information.

Abstract: A radio communication system for duplex communication comprising an optical carrier generator for generating optical carrier signals, a local oscillator (LO) for generating an electrical signal in a radio communication band, an information signal source, electro-optic modulators driven directly at an input electrical port by said information signal and said LO signal to modulate a portion of said optical carrier signal to form a modulated portion being an optical band information signal for transmission over an optical link; and a photodetector remote from said electro-optic modulators for receiving said transmitted optical band information signal from said optical link, and directly generating an electrical signal that is up-converted for radio transmission, or down-converted to a baseband frequency.

Abstract: Presented herein is a transportable, distributed, edge-based, cloud-centered broadband command, control and communications infrastructure with built-in resilience that can be employed in data collection and integration, intelligence processing, mission planning, cognitive decision support and operational command, control and communications system. Specifically, a Modular Mission Systems (MIMS), composed of Modular Load Units (MLU), and tactical communications gateways integrated onto air platforms of opportunity in podded configurations (PODS) that can bring cloud-based, broadband communications and processing architectures to the tactical edge.

Abstract: A communication system includes: a plurality of cameras that generate image data by capturing images; a server that stores the image data generated by each of the plurality of cameras; and a plurality of transmission devices in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of cameras. Each of the plurality of transmission devices transmits light, including, as a visible light communication signal, information related to communication for accessing a storage location at which the image data generated by a corresponding one of the plurality of cameras is stored in the server.

Abstract: A first network device in a high-availability cluster may configure a first wireless channel for a wireless control link. The first network device may establish, using the first wireless channel, the wireless control link with a second network device in the high-availability cluster. The first network device may configure a second wireless channel for a wireless fabric link. The first network device may establish, using the second wireless channel, the wireless fabric link with the second network device.

Abstract: In accordance with increasing communication demand, means for efficiently providing mass downstream communication at a low cost are desired. Accordingly, a communication system providing supplemental downlink as well as multicast communication comprising a display control device for causing a display unit to display a video, and a communication terminal having an image capturing unit for directly capturing the video displayed by the display unit or capturing a video projected or reflected on a wall surface or the like is provided, wherein the display control device includes a video acquiring unit, a region identification unit, a video generating unit, and a display control unit, and the communication terminal includes a region identification unit, a decoding unit, and a mechanism for communicating a control signal for supplemental downlink by the above-described optical communication using means other than optical communication (means such as WiFi, mobile data communication or the like).

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods, devices, and systems for providing timing and bandwidth management of ultra-wideband, wireless data channels (including radio frequency and wireless optical data channels). According to one embodiment, a hub apparatus is disclosed for providing out-of-band bandwidth management for a free-space-optical (FSO) data channel associated with a first device. The hub apparatus includes a processor, a memory coupled with the processor, an FSO transmitter coupled with the processor, and an FSO receiver coupled with the processor. The FSO transmitter may be configured to transmit a control signal comprising timing information and bandwidth management information.

Abstract: An optical wireless communication system comprises: a first device comprising a transceiver apparatus; and a plurality of further devices each comprising respective further transceiver apparatus, wherein the first device is configured to communicate via at least one optical channel with the plurality of further devices, and the transceiver apparatus of the first device comprising: a receiver for receiving light (optionally of a first wavelength or range of wavelengths) representing optical wireless communication signals transmitted by the further devices, the receiver comprising at least one photodetector; receiver-side processing circuitry for processing optical wireless communication signals received by the receiver to extract data represented by the received optical wireless communication signals; a transmitter for transmitting further light (optionally of a second wavelength or range of wavelengths)s representing optical wireless communication signals; transmitter-side processing circuitry for producing o

Abstract: Systems and methods for an aircraft lighting system (ALS) are provided. The method includes co-locating a central light source subsystem including a blue light generator, red light generator, and green light generator, and a light generating control unit (LGCU) comprising a processor, and distributing a plurality of passive light-heads around an external surface of the aircraft. Each passive light-head of the plurality of passive light-heads is operationally coupled to a first side of a respective light switch of a respective plurality of light switches, the light switch being coupled on a second side to a light emitting output of the central light source subsystem. Controlling and actuating the light generators and the light switches in accordance with a load profile is performed by a light generating control unit (LGCU).

Abstract: Lighting control systems may be commissioned for programming and/or control with the aid of a mobile device. Design software may be used to create a floor plan of how the lighting control system may be designed. The design software may generate floor plan identifiers for each lighting fixture, or group of lighting fixtures. During commissioning of the lighting control system, the mobile device may be used to help identify the lighting devices that have been installed in the physical space. The mobile device may receive a communication from each lighting control device that indicates a unique identifier of the lighting control device. The unique identifier may be communicated by visible light communication (VLC) or RF communication. The unique identifier may be associated with the floor plan identifier for communication of digital messages to lighting fixtures installed in the locations indicated in the floor plan identifier.

Abstract: A distributed antenna system comprises a first access unit and a remote unit, wherein the first access unit and the remote unit are coupled via an analog optical fiber, and the first access unit comprises: a first port configured to receive a first downlink analog radio frequency signal; a first analog-to-digital conversion unit configured to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the first downlink analog radio frequency signal to generate a first downlink digital signal; a first digital processing unit configured to perform digital signal processing on the first downlink digital signal to generate a second downlink digital signal; a first digital-to-analog conversion unit configured to perform digital-to-analog conversion on the second downlink digital signal to generate a second downlink analog radio frequency signal; and an analog optical module configured to perform electro-optical conversion on the second downlink analog radio frequency signal to generate a first downlink analog optical signal.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a terminal performing Bluetooth® communication with an image processing apparatus, includes a memory and a processor in communication with the memory. The processor performs receiving a Bluetooth® packet transmitted from the image processing apparatus, displaying, on the display unit, information on the image processing apparatus as a retrieval result, based on the received packet, detecting a location direction of the image processing apparatus based on a phase of a radio wave of the received packet, and displaying, on the display unit, the detected location direction of the image processing apparatus.

Abstract: Power management techniques in distributed communication systems in which the power available at a remote unit (RU) is measured and compared to the power requirements of the RU. Voltage and current are measured for two dummy loads at the RU and these values are used to solve for the output voltage of the power supply and the resistance of the wires. From these values, a maximum power available may be calculated and compared to power requirements of the RU.

Abstract: Communication systems and methods over direct current (DC) power conductors to remote subunits may include interrupt windows in a power signal on a DC power conductor for safety reasons. The timing of rising and falling edges of the interrupt window may be modified, thereby changing the duration, period, or position within a period of the interrupt window. In effect, interrupt windows within the DC power signal may be pulse width modulated to send data between a power source and one or more subunits. Pulse width modulation (PWM) of the DC power signal preserves the safety features, but allows data and/or commands to be transferred between the power source and any subunits.

Abstract: The optical communication system includes a transmitter including a display panel which has a curved surface and is capable of emitting light, and a transmission controller which causes the display panel to emit light representing an information signal; and a receiver including an image sensor which receives the light emitted from the display panel, and a reception controller which extracts the information signal from the light received by the image sensor. The display panel may be a transparent display panel which allows background light to pass through.

Abstract: A method includes setting an exposure time of an image sensor included in a terminal device so that, in an image obtained by capturing a subject by the image sensor, a bright line corresponding to each of a plurality of exposure lines included in the image sensor appears according to a change in luminance of the subject. The method also includes obtaining a bright line image including a plurality of bright lines, by capturing the subject that changes in luminance by the image sensor with the set exposure time. The method further includes estimating a plurality of center areas each of which is in each of the plurality of bright lines, and obtaining identification information of the subject, by demodulating data specified by a pattern of the plurality of center areas.