Abstract: Variable liquid crystal devices for controlling the propagation of light through a liquid crystal layer use a frequency dependent material to dynamically reconfigure effective electrode structures in the device. The drive signal source uses pulse-width modulation to set a frequency and an amplitude of the drive signal.

Abstract: Variable liquid crystal devices for controlling the propagation of light through a liquid crystal layer use a frequency dependent material to dynamically reconfigure effective electrode structures in the device. The drive signal source uses pulse-width modulation to set a frequency and an amplitude of the drive signal.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus in which a first toner image to be transferred to a recording medium through secondary transfer is formed on an intermediate transfer member and a second toner image not to be transferred to the recording medium through secondary transfer is formed on the intermediate transfer member after the first toner image has been formed. When the first toner image and the second toner image are formed, a position on the intermediate transfer member at which the second toner image is formed is controlled in accordance with a conveying direction length of the recording medium, to which the first toner image is transferred through secondary transfer, measured by using a detection unit.

Abstract: An image forming device includes a density detector that detects image density, and a memory that stores information relating image density to dot size. When a dot size is specified, the image forming device automatically obtains the corresponding image density from the information in the memory, prints a test pattern, compares its density with the density corresponding to the specified dot size, and adjusts an image forming parameter until the density corresponding to the specified dot size is obtained. Dot size can be accurately adjusted in this way without the need for elaborate measuring equipment. In particular, the size of dots used to embed invisible information in images can be accurately controlled.

Abstract: There is provided a reading/recording apparatus which is capable of properly conveying originals during original reading operation, even if there exists a state where a recording medium conveying device shares the same space with an original conveying path. A shared conveying path has at least part thereof used as both a conveying path for an original and a conveying path for a recording medium. The original is conveyed on the shared conveying path, where an image of the original is read. The read image is recorded on the recording medium at a recording position on the shared conveying path. A recording medium conveying device is movable between a sharing state where the recording medium conveying device shares a space with the conveying path for the original and a non-sharing state where the recording medium conveying device does not share the space with the conveying path for the original, and conveys the recording medium on the shared conveying path.

Abstract: A seamless flexible electrostatographic imaging member belt fabrication method comprising providing a flexible substrate support sheet, such as with a rectangular shape, placing a template on the support sheet, producing first desired features on a first portion of the substrate support sheet, including removing material from the substrate support sheet with first emissions, producing second desired features on a second portion of the substrate support sheet complementary to the first desired features, including removing material from the substrate support sheet with second emissions, overlapping the first and second desired features, bonding the first desired pattern with the second desired pattern to produce a seamed substrate support belt having substantially no added seam thickness and applying at least one coating over the substrate support belt.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention that development quality is improved by increasing the amount of charge during the transportation of toner by a toner holding member and decreasing the amount of charge during development for rendering an electrostatic latent image visible. A one-component non-magnetic toner is supplied from a toner supplying unit to the toner holding member such that the toner is electrostatically attracted to adhere to the toner holding member with a large amount of charge. The charge of the toner under transportation is reduced by charge adjusting means such as a conductive roller supplied with a potential from a frictional charging member or a voltage source, whereby the amount of development or the amount of toner adhering to an electrostatic latent image is increased and development quality is improved.

Abstract: A porous photosensitive unit has a transparent conductive layer formed on a surface of a transparent substrate. A photoconductive layer is formed on a surface of the transparent conductive layer. A porous insulating layer formed on a surface of the photoconductive layer has a plurality of holes for holding conductive color particles. The plurality of holes includes a first hole and the adjacent second and third holes. An upper or screen electrode is formed on a surface of the porous insulating layer except where the holes are formed. The photosensitive unit includes an optical arrangement in which, when a light source emits light to cause conductive color particles to fly out of the first hole only, the light exposes a region, within the photoconductive layer, which substantially coextends with a surface portion of the photoconductive layer that is exposed by the first hole.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus of an electrophotographic system equipped with an electrophotographic photoreceptor, an electrostatically charger, a light-exposure, a developing device, and a transferring device, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor is an electrophotographic photoreceptor having at least a charge generating layer, a charge transport layer, and an uppermost surface layer successively laminated on an electrically conductive substrate, the charge transport layer having a layer containing at least 45% by weight a charge transporting material, and the wear rate of the uppermost surface layer being less than the wear rate of said layer, and the time from a light-exposure to a development is not longer than 150 m sec. The image-forming apparatus is excellent in the printing durability and the stability, gives less image flowing, and is small-sized and high-speed.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus, a supply roller 4 supplies a liquid developer to the photo-conductive substance of a photosensitive drum or belt prior to an electrostatic latent image forming process. The supply roller 4 is applied with a voltage dentical in polarity with the charge of toner in the liquid developer, and the liquid developer is uniformly supplied to the surface of a photo-conductive substance to form a liquid developer layer. An exposure unit 6 selectively exposes the photo-conductive substance from the upside of the liquid developer layer in accordance with the image information, to thereby weaken an adhesion of the toner in an exposed area of the liquid developer to the photo-conductive substance. A removing roller 8 is applied with a voltage opposite in polarity to the toner charge to attract and recover the toner weakened in the adhesion by an electric field.