Abstract: An encoding system may include a video source that captures video image, a video coder, and a controller to manage operation of the system. The video coder may encode the video image into encoded video data using a plurality of subgroup parameters corresponding to a plurality of subgroups of pixels within a group. The controller may set the subgroup parameters for at least one of the subgroups of pixels in the video coder, based upon at least one parameters corresponding to the group. A decoding system may decode the video data based upon the motion prediction parameters.

Abstract: A belt capable of holding a toner image, the belt being used for an image forming apparatus, includes a multilayer structure including a surface layer defining an outer peripheral surface of the belt. The belt has a 5-sec volume resistivity at 100 V of 10.0 log ?·cm or more and 12.5 log ?·cm or less. The outer peripheral surface of the belt has a 3-sec surface resistivity at 100 V of more than 11.0 log ?/sq and 13.5 log ?/sq or less. The difference between a 1-sec surface resistivity of the outer peripheral surface of the belt at 100 V and a 100-sec surface resistivity of the outer peripheral surface of the belt at 100 V is 0.5 or less.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a first forming unit that forms a superimposed toner image, in which yellow, magenta, and cyan toner images are superimposed on one another, on a first intermediate transfer unit; a second forming unit that is located downstream of the first forming unit in a recording-medium transport direction and that forms a black toner image on a second intermediate transfer unit; a first transfer part that transfers the superimposed toner image formed on the first intermediate transfer unit by the first forming unit to a recording medium; and a second transfer part that is located downstream of the first transfer part in the recording-medium transport direction and that transfers, in a superimposed manner, the black toner image formed on the second intermediate transfer unit by the second forming unit to the superimposed toner image on the recording medium.

Abstract: An intermediate transfer body used in an electrophotographic image forming device includes: at least a substrate layer and a surface layer, wherein the surface layer is formed by a cured product obtained by curing a coating liquid containing a curable compound, an inorganic filler, and a fluorine-based surfactant having a reactive group, and the surface layer has a pure water contact angle of 75° or more and 90° or less.

Abstract: An intermediate transfer belt includes a region X having a first coefficient of dynamic friction in a belt conveying direction on an outer circumferential surface side where the intermediate transfer belt and a blade abut each other, and a region Y having a second coefficient of dynamic friction in the belt conveying direction greater in value than the first coefficient of dynamic friction. Further, in the belt conveying direction, a length of the region Y is shorter than a length of the region X and longer than a length at which the blade and the intermediate transfer belt are in contact with each other.

Abstract: A printer includes a sheet feeder; an intermediate transfer body; a first image forming device; a second image forming device arranged downstream of the first image forming device; a secondary transfer roller arranged downstream of the second image forming device; and a processor. The processor moves the secondary transfer roller away from the intermediate transfer body, primarily transfers a second toner image onto the intermediate transfer body, rotates the intermediate transfer body until the second toner image reaches the first image forming device, primarily transfers the first toner image onto the intermediate transfer body by superimposing the first toner image on the second toner image, causes the secondary transfer roller to contact the intermediate transfer body, and secondarily transfers the first toner image and the second toner image onto the sheet using the secondary transfer roller. The printer further includes a fixing device.

Abstract: According to an aspect there is provided a method for conditioning a blanket in an offset printer, the method comprising during a non-printing cycle of the offset printer, applying a first voltage to an intermediate transfer member of the offset printer, wherein the intermediate transfer member comprises the blanket, and maintaining the first voltage for a first period of time.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a liquid electrophotographic ink developer unit. The unit comprises a developer roller, and a secondary roller that co-operates with the developer roller. The developer roller is formed of a material having a specific resistivity of less than 1×106 ?·cm. The secondary roller is formed of a material having a specific resistivity of 1×104 to 1×109 ?·cm.

Abstract: A transfer device includes a first roller, a second roller that is disposed at a position facing the first roller in such a manner as to be freely movable in a direction in which the second roller comes into and out of contact with the first roller and that transfers a toner image onto a sheet, which has been transported, by nipping the sheet between the first roller and the second roller, and a controller that controls movement of the second roller in such a manner that, when a predetermined type of sheet is transported, a gap smaller than a thickness of the sheet is formed between the first roller and the second roller when a leading end of the sheet enters between the first roller and the second roller.

Abstract: Herein is disclosed an intermediate transfer member for liquid electrophotographic printing. The intermediate transfer member may include at least one layer including a thermoplastic polyurethane. A liquid electrophotographic printer and a method of forming an intermediate transfer member are also described.

Abstract: Member for an image forming apparatus having an outer layer that includes polyethylene glycol and a polyether ester amide having therein a structural unit of polyethylene glycol.

Abstract: The image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive member configured to bear a toner image, the photosensitive member having a surface layer containing acrylic resin, and an intermediate transfer member configured to secondarily transfer the toner image having been primarily transferred from the photosensitive member onto a transfer material, the intermediate transfer member having a surface layer containing acrylic resin and having a ten-point average roughness Rz set within a range of 0.35 ?m?Rz?1.5 ?m.

Abstract: When a mechanism enters a first state, an intermediate transfer member separates from a second photosensitive member. When the mechanism enters a second state, the intermediate transfer member contacts the second photosensitive member. When a first monochrome image is formed on a sheet of a first type by using toner of a first color, the mechanism enters the first state. When a second monochrome image is formed on a sheet of a second type by using toner of the first color, the mechanism enters the second state. A rotation speed of the second photosensitive member for forming the second monochrome image on the sheet of the second type is controlled to a predetermined rotation speed. The predetermined rotation speed is slower than a rotation speed of the second photosensitive member for forming the second image.

Abstract: Disclosed is an intermediate transfer belt used for an electrophotographic image-forming apparatus, wherein the intermediate transfer belt contains a substrate layer and a surface layer; the intermediate transfer belt has a relative dielectric constant of 15 or more, and a volume resistivity at an applied voltage of 100 V in the range of 1.0×105 to 9.0×109 ?·cm under an environment of temperature of 23° C. and humidity of 50% RH; and the surface layer has a relative dielectric constant of 6 or less.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus includes: a plurality of image formers each of which is provided for each color and forms a toner image; a plurality of image carriers each of which is provided in accordance with each of the image formers and carries the toner image formed by each image former; a first intermediate transfer body on which multiple toner images are formed; a secondary transferor that secondarily transfers to a sheet, the multiple toner images formed on the first intermediate transfer body; and an adhesion force reducer that is provided between a position where the multiple toner images are formed on the first intermediate transfer body and a secondary transfer position of the secondary transferor and that reduces an adhesion force of toner included in the multiple toner images formed on the first intermediate transfer body.

Abstract: Improvement of use efficiency of radio resources is realizable. An information processing device is an information processing device which includes a reception unit and a control unit. The reception unit included in this information processing device is a reception unit which receives a packet. In addition, the control unit included in the information processing device is a control unit which controls a packet monitoring state of the information processing device in case of detection of reception of a packet not addressed to the information processing device. The packet monitoring state is controlled on the basis of reception power at the time of reception of the packet not addressed to the information processing device.

Abstract: The image forming apparatus includes an image adjustment unit that performs image adjustment on an image for adjustment formed on a rotary member by an image forming unit, based on a detection result by a detection unit. The image adjustment unit calculates the position of second data corresponding to the detection result by detecting an area in which the image for adjustment is formed, calculates first data corresponding to the position of the second data corresponding to the detection result by detecting an area in which the image for adjustment is not formed, and performs the image adjustment by using the first data and the second data.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a cylindrical film including a heat generating layer and an electroconductive layer electrically connected with the heat generating layer. A volume resistivity of the electroconductive layer is less than a volume resistivity of the heat generating layer. The fixing device further includes an energizing member, a roller, a sliding member, and a supporting member. A thermal conductivity of the sliding member is greater than a thermal conductivity of the supporting member. A recording material on which a toner image is formed is heated while being fed through a nip. A longitudinal end of the sliding member is positioned between an inner end surface and an outer end surface of the electroconductive layer with respect to the longitudinal direction of the film.

Abstract: Provided is an intermediate transfer material used for an electrophotographic image-forming apparatus in which a toner image held on an electrostatic latent image carrier is primarily transferred to an intermediate transfer material, and then, the primarily transferred toner image is transferred from the intermediate transfer material to a transfer material through a secondary transfer device, wherein the intermediate transfer material has a substrate layer and an elastic layer; and the elastic layer contains a structure composed of a rubber having a double bond (C2) and a rubber having no double bond (C0) being bonded with each other through a urethane bond.

Abstract: The image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive drum, an intermediate transfer belt, a secondary transfer roller, a secondary transfer power supply, an opposing roller through which a current flows through the intermediate transfer belt when the voltage is applied to the secondary transfer roller by the secondary transfer power supply, metal rollers electrically connected to the opposing roller and contacting an inner peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt in vicinities of the photosensitive drums, a current restriction circuit connected to a path of a current flowing from the opposing roller to the metal rollers when the voltage is applied to the secondary transfer roller by the secondary transfer power supply, the current restriction circuit configured to restrict the current from the opposing roller to the metal rollers to a predetermined current.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an apparatus body, a plurality of image bearers, an endless belt, a contact and separation mechanism to generate a first trajectory and a second trajectory of the endless belt, a sensor to detect an object on a surface of the endless belt, and a positioning mechanism to enable the sensor to detect the object in the first trajectory and the second trajectory of the endless belt. The positioning mechanism includes a stay to support the sensor, a first bracket, a second bracket, a first positioning portion attached to the apparatus body to position the sensor in a direction of rotation of the first bracket and the second bracket at a time of the first trajectory, and a second positioning portion attached to the second bracket to position the sensor in the direction of rotation of the first bracket at a time of the second trajectory.

Abstract: A belt conveyance device has a configuration where one end of a rotation shaft of an inclinable steering roller that can move an endless belt in the width direction is supported by a first support member that is pivotable on a first pivot axis extending in a first axial line direction intersecting the rotation axis of the steering roller, and the other end of the rotation shaft of the steering roller is supported by a second support member that is pivotable on a second pivot axis that is generally parallel with the rotation axis of another suspending roller and also extends in a direction generally orthogonal to the first axial line.

Abstract: The image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive member configured to bear a toner image, the photosensitive member having a surface layer containing acrylic resin, and an intermediate transfer member configured to secondarily transfer the toner image having been primarily transferred from the photosensitive member onto a transfer material, the intermediate transfer member having a surface layer containing acrylic resin and having a ten-point average roughness Rz set within a range of 0.35 ?m?Rz?1.5 ?m.

Abstract: A voltage applying portion applies voltage to a current supply member, the current supply member being provided with primary transfer voltage to pass current through a contact portion contacting with a belt, thereby bringing the potential of the belt a primary transfer potential, and being provided with secondary transfer voltage so that a potential difference for secondary transfer is formed between the current supplying member and a support member while a recording material is nipped by the contact portion. The voltage applying portion changes the second transfer voltage so that the potential difference for the secondary transfer between the current supply member and the support member becomes smaller as a potential adjusting portion that maintains the potential of the support member at a prescribed sustaining potential in a variable manner in order to change a primary transfer potential reduces gradually the sustaining potential.

Abstract: In a non-image forming state, an image forming apparatus changes the magnitude of a control signal output by a control portion, and when a current supply member supplies a belt with an amount of current generated by adding, to a predetermined target current used for image formation, an amount of current that flows from a contact member to the ground and changes in accordance with the magnitude of the control signal, the image forming apparatus acquires the magnitude of the control signal generated when the current, which is supplied from the current supply member to the belt and flows to a voltage adjusting member from the belt via the contact member, becomes zero.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, having a photosensitive drum, an intermediate transfer belt located at a lower position with respect to the photosensitive drum to contact the photosensitive drum, a secondary transfer roller contacting the intermediate transfer belt, a first sheet tray located at a lower position with respect to the intermediate transfer belt to store a sheet, and a sheet guide to guide the sheet stored in the first sheet tray to a position between the intermediate transfer belt and the secondary transfer roller, is provided. The sheet guide is located between the intermediate transfer belt and the first sheet tray with regard to a vertical direction and has a curved section. A contact area between the secondary transfer roller and the intermediate transfer belt is located at a lower position with respect to an upper end portion of the curved section.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image holding body, a transfer member, and a controller. The image holding body holds an image formed of toner. The transfer member is brought into contact with a continuous medium so as to transfer the image held by the image holding body to the continuous medium, and the transfer member is able to be brought into contact with and separated from the image holding body. The controller causes the transfer member to be separated from the image holding body, and after that, causes the image holding body to move so as to detect an inspection image formed on the image holding body, thereby adjusting, as image quality adjustment, a deviation of a position of the image or a deviation of density of the image to be formed.

Abstract: When a mechanism enters a first state, an intermediate transfer member separates from a second photosensitive member. When the mechanism enters a second state, the intermediate transfer member contacts the second photosensitive member. When a first monochrome image is formed on a sheet of a first type by using toner of a first color, the mechanism enters the first state. When a second monochrome image is formed on a sheet of a second type by using toner of the first color, the mechanism enters the second state. A rotation speed of the second photosensitive member for forming the second monochrome image on the sheet of the second type is controlled to a predetermined rotation speed. The predetermined rotation speed is slower than a rotation speed of the second photosensitive member for forming the second image.

Abstract: A transfer unit includes a transfer belt, transfer rollers, support members, moving members, a pinion gear, a sensor, and a light shielding plate that blocks or opens an optical path of the detection portion by rotation of a gear transmitting the drive force to the pinion gear. The light shielding plate includes a pulse portion in which a plurality of slits are formed, and at least one of a light shielding portion and a light transmitting portion formed adjacent to the pulse portion. A rotation amount of the gear is detected based on the number of the slits of the pulse portion that has passed the detection portion, and a reference position of the gear is detected based on timing when an edge of the light shielding portion blocks the detection portion or timing when an edge of the light transmitting portion opens the optical path of the detection portion.

Abstract: Provided is a member for electrophotography that is not reduced in charge-providing performance even by its long-term storage and use under a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and is hence conducive to the formation of a high-quality electrophotographic image. The member for electrophotography includes: an electroconductive substrate; and an electroconductive layer, in which: the electroconductive layer contains a resin having a cationic organic group in a molecule thereof and an anion; a total sum of contents of an alkali metal and an alkali earth metal in the electroconductive layer is 500 ppm or less; and the anion includes at least one selected from the group consisting of a fluorosulfonate anion, a fluorocarboxylate anion, a fluorosulfonylimide anion, a fluorosulfonylmethide anion, a fluoroalkylfluoroborate anion, a fluorophosphate anion, a fluoroantimonate anion, and a fluoroarsenate anion.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, an intermediary transfer belt, a primary transfer roller provided so that a contact region between the roller and the belt and a contact region between the image bearing member and the belt are in a non-overlapping state with each other with respect to a movement direction of the belt, a primary transfer voltage source, a current detecting portion, an executing portion configured to acquire information on a discharge start voltage on the basis of a detection result of the detecting portion in a period other than a period of primary transfer by applying the voltage to the roller and a setting portion configured to set, on the basis of an execution result of the executing portion, a primary transfer voltage applied to the roller by the primary transfer voltage source in the period of the primary transfer.

Abstract: A belt conveying device is configured such that if belt deviation in which a belt moves in a direction separated from a predetermined position is detected by a belt position detection mechanism, a control unit controls a driving unit to make a steering roller to be tilted intermittently in a direction to correct the belt deviation and, if it is detected by the belt position detection mechanism that a moving direction of the belt has changed to a direction to approach the predetermined position in a suspension period between the intermittent tilting operation, suspends the subsequent tilting of the steering roller.

Abstract: A transfer belt includes: an elastic layer, wherein the transfer belt is used to transfer a toner image onto a recording medium, the toner image being carried on a first main surface which is one of a pair of main exposed surfaces including the first main surface and a second main surface, when, using a lower block and an upper block, the transfer belt is placed on an upper surface of the lower block, a part of the transfer belt is interposed between a curved convex surface and a curved concave surface, and a pressed region reaches a pressing force of 200 [kPa] and is constantly pressed by the pressing force, if “a” represents a maximum value of displacement of a measurement region, and “b” represents displacement of the measurement region after convergence, E [?] calculated by (a?b)/b satisfies a condition of 0.2?E?3.

Abstract: An electrophotographic electro-conductive member comprising an electro-conductive mandrel and an electro-conductive elastic layer on the electro-conductive mandrel, wherein the electro-conductive elastic layer has an elastic coefficient of 1 MPa or more and 100 MPa or less, as well as a matrix containing first rubber and a plurality of electro-conductive domains dispersed in the matrix. Each of the electro-conductive domains contains an electro-conductive particle, and the electro-conductive elastic layer includes regions containing second rubber in the circumferences of the electro-conductive domains. The matrix has an elastic coefficient R1, the regions containing second rubber have an elastic coefficient R2, and the elastic coefficients R1 and R2 satisfy a relationship: R1<R2.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a movable endless belt, a first image bearing member, second image bearing members provided upstream of the first image bearing member with respect to a movement direction of the belt, a first transfer roller, second transfer rollers, an auxiliary roller provided upstream of a most upstream second transfer roller of the second transfer rollers with respect to the movement direction of the belt, and an executing portion capable of executing an operation in a full-color mode in a first roller arrangement and an operation in a monochromatic mode in a second roller arrangement.

Abstract: A transfer belt is configured to transfer a toner image carried on a first main surface of the transfer belt to a recording medium. When the transfer belt is pressed with pressure application three increased at a predetermined pressure application rate and is then pressed with certain pressure application force by using a lower block provided with a hole and an upper block, k2 [?m/s] satisfies 6?k2?30, k2 [?m/s] being determined by (a?b)/{2×(t2?t1)}, where a [?m/s] represents a maximum value of a displacement amount of a measurement region that is a portion of the first main surface corresponding to the hole, b [?m] represents a convergence value thereof, t1 [s] represents a time when the maximum value is observed, and t2 [s] represents a time when the displacement amount reaches (a+b)/2 again after the maximum value is observed.

Abstract: A belt conveyance apparatus includes an endless belt conveyed while being supported by a plurality of support rollers in a tensioned state. The plurality of support rollers include a tension roller and a steering roller. The tension roller, which is disposed adjacent to and downstream of the steering roller in a conveyance direction of the endless belt, has a reverse crown shape in which end portions in a rotational axis direction each have an outer diameter larger than a middle portion.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming section, a transferring member, and a controller. The image forming section includes an image supporting member and a developer supporting member. The image supporting member supports a latent image on a surface of the image supporting member. The developer supporting member supports, on a surface of developer supporting member, a developer that develops the latent image. The transferring member transfers, onto a transferred medium as a medium on which a transfer is to be performed, an image formed by the image forming section. The controller controls, as an amount of the developer, a developer amount to be fed to the latent image supported on the surface of the image supporting member, on the basis of a traveling velocity of the transferred medium.

Abstract: An intermediate transfer member (ITM) for use in a printing system to transport an ink image from an image forming station to an impression station for transfer of the ink image from the ITM onto a printing substrate, wherein the ITM is an endless flexible belt of substantially uniform width which, during use, passes over drive and guide rollers and is guided through at least the image forming station by means of guide channels that receive formations provided on both lateral edges of the belt, wherein the formations on a first edge differ from the formations on the second edge by being configured for providing the elasticity desired to maintain the belt taut when the belt is guided through their respective lateral channels.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a belt, image forming unit, first and second transfer rollers, feeding portion, stretching roller and urging member. Regarding (1) a contact point between (i) an outer common tangential line between the stretching and first transfer rollers and (ii) the first transfer roller and (2) an intersection point between (i) the outer common tangential line and (ii) a line perpendicular to the outer common tangential line and passing through a rotation center of the second transfer roller, the contact point is closer to the stretching roller than the intersection point is to the stretching roller and a distance between the contact and intersection points is 5% or more of a diameter of the first transfer roller. The urging member urges the belt from an inner belt surface at a position, close to a transfer portion, between the first transfer roller and the belt.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a toner image carrier on which a toner image is formed, a transfer unit that transfers the toner image onto a continuous sheet of paper, a fixing machine that fixes the transferred toner image onto the continuous sheet of paper, a sheet transport unit that transports the continuous sheet of paper through a transport path passing through a transfer position and a fixing position, and an electric charge supply unit that is disposed at a position at which the continuous sheet of paper is placed between the toner image carrier and the electric charge supply unit and that supplies electric charge having an orientation, in which transfer by the transfer unit is prevented, to a toner image present in a region on the toner image carrier, which is out of the continuous sheet of paper.

Abstract: An emission unit of a displacement detector emits laser light to a range in a space in which a target moves. A detection unit detects a distribution of amounts of light reflected from a capture region in the predefined range. Based on a shift of speckle pattern indicated by a difference between the distributions of amounts of reflected light that the detection unit detects at different times, a calculation unit calculates a displacement of the target. A correction unit measures a speckle contrast from the distribution of amounts of reflected light, and based on an error between the measured value and a reference value, corrects the amount of laser light. The reference value is set to the value of a speckle contrast in a case in which the amounts of reflected light fall within the detectable range of the detection unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus sequentially transfers toner images formed on a plurality of photosensitive drums onto an intermediate transfer member or a transfer material to form an image. The image forming apparatus includes an intermediate transfer belt provided with electrical conductivity, and a power supply for applying a voltage to a secondary transfer roller to pass a current from the secondary transfer roller to the plurality of photosensitive drums via the intermediate transfer belt, thus primarily transferring the toner images from the plurality of photosensitive drums onto the intermediate transfer belt.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an image forming apparatus includes an intermediate transfer belt, multiple first type photoconductive drums, multiple first type transfer rollers, a second type photoconductive drum, a second type transfer roller, a roller, and a roller moving unit. The multiple first type transfer rollers are arranged at positions that face the multiple first type photoconductive drums. The second type photoconductive drum is arranged at a position where the drum surface of the second type photoconductive drum is not tangent to a common tangent plane. The roller is arranged on the inner peripheral side of the intermediate transfer belt and is arranged between the second type transfer roller and one first type transfer roller. The roller moving unit moves the roller by pressing the roller. The roller moving unit changes the state of abutting of the multiple first type photoconductive drums and the second type photoconductive drum.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming unit configured to form measurement images used for density correction at different timings using pseudo halftone processing patterns and a density detection sensor for detecting density of an object to be detected on an optical path including the formed measurement image. Further, the image forming apparatus includes a shutter which is arranged in the optical path between a density detection sensor and the measurement image, changed, by a motor, to a closed state in which a detecting surface of the density detection sensor is closed when the measurement image is not detected, and changed to an open state in which the detecting surface of the density detection sensor is opened when the measurement image is detected. Further, the image forming apparatus includes a controller which changes an image forming condition based on the detection result of the density detection sensor.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a toner image forming unit, an intermediary transfer member, a first driving source, a second driving portion, a speed instruction value changing portion, an executing portion for executing an operation in a detecting mode in a first detection period in a first state and in a second detection period in a second state larger in frictional force than in the first state, and a setting portion. In each of the first and second detection periods, the speed instruction value of the second driving source is set at a fixed value and the speed instruction value of the first driving source is successively changed to different values, and the setting portion sets the speed instruction value of the first driving source used during the image formation on the basis of a detection result in the detecting mode.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus in which tension is applied to a recording medium during secondary transferring includes an image carrier, a first rotating member, a second rotating member, a tension releasing device, a voltage applier, a voltage measuring device, a nip width adjuster and a controller. The second rotating member sandwiches the image carrier with the first rotating member to from a nip. The tension releasing device releases the tension. The voltage measuring device measures the voltage between the first rotating member and the second rotating member applied by the voltage applier. The nip width adjuster adjusts a width of the nip. The controller controls the nip width adjuster so that a difference between a first voltage which is measured in a state where the tension is released and a second voltage which is measured in a state where the tension is applied within a predetermined range.

Abstract: The surface layer of an intermediate transfer belt has a concavo-convex pattern formed thereon by spherical resin particles which are independently embedded in the layer so that the embedment rate in the thickness direction of the layer is higher than 50% but lower than 100%.

Abstract: A tension applying device that applies tension to a strip-shaped body supported on a support member, the tension applying device is provided with a moving body that supports the support member, a holding body movably supporting the moving body in a direction in which the tension is applied to the strip-shaped body, a tension spring exerting the tension to the strip-shaped body, a first spring support portion disposed in the holding body and supporting one end of the tension spring, a second spring support portion disposed in the moving body in order to support the other end of the tension spring and disposed on an upstream side from the first spring support portion in the direction in which the tension is applied, and an opening formed in the holding body and in a position corresponding to the second spring support portion.

Abstract: Provided is a driving force transmission device including: an actuator (22) that, in a case where one of a first annular gear (11), a second annular gear (14), and a carrier (16) is an input member, another one is an output member, and the remaining one is a rotational member, causes one of the input member and the output member to rotate integrally with the rotational member. When driving force is inputted from the drive source to the input member and input member is rotated unidirectionally, the rotation direction of the output member in the case where one of the input member and the output member rotates integrally with the rotational member is reversed with respect to that in a case where one of the input member and the output member does not rotate integrally with the rotational member.