Abstract: In a line-spacing device for a typewriter or the like, where a platen, used as a support for the paper, is moved forward in steps by means of a ratchet it is provided for attaining a half-step transport that the gripper point (20) is seated longitudinally displaceable on the ratchet (11) in a direction approximately tangential to the toothed wheel (4) between two end positions determined by detent forces, where the detent force of the gripper point (20) is less than the force of resistance opposed by the toothed wheel (4) with the platen (1) to the drive by means of the gripper point (20) in the course of the tangential transport phase, and where the distance between the two detent end positions in the longitudinal direction corresponds to the tangential transport distance of a half transport step (t).

Abstract: Disclosed is a text processing system such as a word processor and an electronic typewriter. The disclosed system comprises memory means for storing character data and shift data indicating a character be printed on a line shifted upward or downward from a standard print line. Control means is operated to move a print head along the standard print line when a space or backspace key is operated, but is not operated to feed a print sheet even when the shift data are stored in the memory means for a character on which the print head is currently positioned.

Abstract: A document processing apparatus has a printer for printing characters; a keyboard used for inputting characters such as alphabetical characters, symbols and numerical characters; attribute imparting circuitry for imparting an attribute to characters input by the keyboard so as to vary the character spacing of the characters; and a pitch control circuit for varying the character pitch in accordance with the attribute imparted by the attribute imparting circuitry to cause the printer to print the characters at a varied character pitch. Accordingly, it is possible to print a numerical expression while providing suitable spacings between adjacent alphanumerical characters and between one or such characters and any adjacent symbol.

Abstract: Disclosed is a printer having memory means for storing the vertical print position movement data so as to print a super-script or sub-script character. When the carriage is returned after printing in a nonstandard row position, the print position is moved down by an adjusted line feed amount based on the vertical movement data stored in the memory means.

Abstract: The invention automatically divides the text at the end of the page in such a way that widow lines and orphan lines of text do not exist. The typewriter shifts the effective page end point to shift the orphan line of text to the next page of text or delays the page ending to accommodate the widow line on the present page rather than forcing the line to the top of the next page. The text is not altered in the memory of the typewriter and no stop codes or page end codes are inserted in the text memory, thereby eliminating revision problems with the paginated text.

Abstract: A matrix printer normally cooperates with a particular character generator by means of which coded information representing characters to be printed is translated into a matrix of print commands for print styli printing dots out of which a character is composed. In accordance with the invention, the same character generator is used for printing smaller characters in superscript, subscript or in formal footnotes, by using a particular algorithm to translate the generator information into different set of information for each character, so as to reassign print commands for the several print styli.

Abstract: A function for an electronic typewriter is described which allows the operator of the typewriter to realign the print element of the typewriter to the prior adjacent, or the following adjacent line which contains textual material, even when the present position of the print element is other than a uniform line feed increment or multiple thereof, from the designated destination line. The electronic controls of the typewriter determine the present position of the print element and the vertical location of the line to which the print element is to move, and determines the distance and moves the record sheet to position the print element precisely over the designated line of text.

Abstract: A printer has a memory for storing character information on printed characters; character information on a composite character consisting of at least two characters is stored in the memory to simplify the correction operation. Print form/print pitch information which is common to a plurality of characters is stored in a common area of the memory to improve the efficiency of usage of the memory.

Abstract: An impact printing system which is particularly suitable for word processing is provided with the capability of effecting mid-line pitch changes. The impact printer system which is particularly compatible with interactive display terminals in word processing system has means for receiving a selected one of a plurality of type or character font elements. The pitch of character font elements are different from each other. The printing system includes means for selectively impacting selected characters from selected fonts along lines in a document. The system further includes control apparatus for controlling and determining the selection of font elements to be used and in the case of printing with a particular font element, the characters to be printed in respective positions along the lines of the document to provide the desired document format. The control apparatus includes apparatus for controlling the printing with at least two different font elements having different pitch along a single line.

Abstract: A method of, and system for, efficiently managing a temporary base line move operation to obtain an aesthetically pleasing and understandable equation and sub/super-script printout, and avoid excessive keying and indexing calculations. A single control is built based on an established base line. Included in the control are direction of move and magnitude of move from the established base line to the temporary base line. Following printing on the temporary base line, the control can be used to return to the established base line. The major advantages are limited coding, the magnitude of the move is independent of line spacing, and a return to the established base line can be without knowledge of the move magnitude.

Abstract: A single stepper motor is utilized in a printing device to lift a print head from the surface of recording material upon the initial angular rotation of the stepper motor output drive shaft and to move the recording material within the printing device upon further rotation of said drive shaft. The print head is returned to the surface of the recording material by operating the stepper motor in the reverse direction until the output drive shaft of the stepper motor traverses an angular displacement equal but opposite to the initial angular displacement. A cam surface couples the output drive shaft of the stepper motor to a drive gear and transforms the initial angular displacement of the output drive shaft into linear motion to lift the print head from the surface of the recording material. Further rotation of the stepper motor drive shaft rotates the drive gear to move material within the printing device.

Abstract: There is disclosed an apparatus for and a method of printing complex characters using a high speed bidirectional on-the-fly printer. In accordance with the present method complex characters are printed in at least two steps. Once the first portion of a character has been printed and prior to the printing of the next character the carrier is turned around and again moved past the print position where the remaining portion of the first mentioned character is printed. This approach is termed "double turnaround".

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel print element for a serial impact printer having a novel character set which permits the typing of text as well as chemical symbols and formulae with a small number of character elements. Closed ring structures may be formed with the character set which may be expanded to various sizes. Also disclosed is a serial impact printing system using the aforementioned printing element which automatically subscripts small numerals when the printing element is positioned without further action on the part of the typist.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for index and exponent impression printing in typewriters. An exponent or index switching key has associated with it an edge detector, and parallel thereto, a state detector. A time function element which triggers a gate circuit for the triggering of the drive motor for the roller is connected behind the edge detector. A rotational direction reversal switching device is connected behind the state detector. The device is useful in office typewriters, data printers or telex machines not equipped with their own exponent or index printing symbols.