Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueduct leakage repairing method, a formwork is provided within an aqueduct body; a reinforcing layer is formed by using the formwork through casting at inner sides of the aqueduct body; the formwork comprises side formwork plates, bottom formwork plates, and axillary angle formwork plates; the side formwork plates are arranged at inner vertical walls of the aqueduct body, the bottom formwork plates are arranged on a bottom of the aqueduct body, the bottom formwork plates are connected with the side formwork plates through the axillary angle formwork plates; and the axillary angle formwork plates are each provided with a plurality of ribs. The aqueduct leakage repairing method effectively reinforces penetration damage of the aqueduct, and the construction process is simple since the formwork is free from dismantling after construction.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a conductive concrete slab having protection against one or more of surface current, ground fault current, and current leakage. A method includes, but is not limited to, introducing an electrical insulation base layer to a ground surface; introducing a plurality of electrodes to the electrical insulation base layer; and casting conductive concrete over the plurality of electrodes and the electrical insulation base layer. An electrical insulation top layer can also be applied to mitigate one or more of surface current and ground fault current.

Abstract: A system for validating compaction of work material at a work site including a compaction machine. A sensor and a location sensor are associated with the compaction machine. A controller is configured to receive compaction data from the sensor and position data from the location sensor and to determine a structural parameter of the work material based on the compaction data and physical properties of the compaction machine. The controller associates the structural parameter of the work material with the position data. The controller saves structural parameters and associated position data for different locations in the work site and for different layers of work material in the work site and compares the saved structural parameters and associated position data with predetermined structural design criteria for corresponding locations and layers in the work site.

Abstract: A system and method provides for repair/reconstruction of bridge and culvert constructions. Geosynthetically confined soils are used in combination with soil nails. The soil nails provide additional tensile strength below the areas reinforced with the geosynthetically confined soils. The soil nails may include both horizontal and vertical soil nails. Various forms of vertical tensioning support can be provided to include soil nails, micro-piles, sheet piling, and the like. The confined soils are installed at locations under and adjacent to the man made constructions, and can be provided in both symmetrical and asymmetrical configurations. For bridge constructions, the confined soils may be installed at a desired depth under the bridge girders, and under other primary support members of the bridge. Horizontal nails may be installed under and adjacent to the confined soils.

Abstract: A functional road structure having functions such as emission of light in various colors, freeze protection in winter by radiating heat, or excellent water permeability for trails, parking lots or sidewalks and a construction method thereof. According to this invention, the functional road construction method includes cleaning the road by removing debris and leveling the road evenly; paving a base plate of mesh on the road where the size of mesh is smaller than that of filling stones; laying pipes on the base plate at a predetermined interval where the pipes is made of transparent material and light-emitting-diodes and a control board therefor are inserted inside the pipes; disposing a panel on the pipe where the panel has a six-sided shape with open top and bottom; and filling the filling stones inside the panel.

Abstract: A system and method for building and renovating golf course paths to provide an alternate golf cart path with a drainage system and durable natural path for golf. A drainage system and a layer of gravel is installed over the entire sub grade of the path. A layer of crumb rubber is placed over the gravel. A pre-polymer is sprayed onto the layer of crumb rubber and gravel to secure it in place. The polymer sprayed is permitted to cure for approximately 24-48 hours.

Abstract: A method of slowing an aircraft overrunning a runway, including paving an area immediately beyond the end of a runway with foamed glass bodies to define a bed, covering the bed with a layer of cementitious material to define a composite bed, and crushing at least a portion of the composite bed with an oncoming aircraft, wherein crushing the at least a portion of the composite bed removes kinetic energy from the oncoming aircraft to slow the oncoming aircraft. The composite bed is generally resistant to fire.

Abstract: A permeable paving system having a base layer and a paving layer, in which the base layer is made of a plurality of substantially hollow structural modules having a rigid bottom wall and a substantially parallel to a rigid top wall retained in a fixed space relationship from each other by a plurality of spacers, in which the structural module has a plurality of side walls extending between the perimeters of the top wall and the bottom wall, in which the top and bottom walls have apertures to allow movement of fluids into and out of the structural modules, and in which the top wall has a plurality of guide lines configured for alignment of paving material, and/or as a guide for cutting the structural module. Alternatively, instead of guide lines, there may be string line posts connectable to an element of the permeable paving system configured to extend above the top wall of said structural module and configured for establishing elevations of paving materials, and/or alignment of paving materials.

Abstract: A paving system for paving or flooring includes a top layer of a plurality of paving elements, and an underlayment support layer of a polymeric material configured into panels. The panels are suitable to support the paving elements, the panels having a generally planar support surface.

Abstract: A lightweight polymer-based load bearing platform preferably including artificial turf for use as a synthetic turf block for easy installation, easy maintenance, and long term durability.

Abstract: A modular flooring system is provided to convert uneven terrain into a substantially horizontal flat surface. The modular flooring system may include a frame defining the area desired for the substantially horizontal flat surface, a plurality of malleable support members that may be used as a single layer or multiple layers, where the malleable support members may be loosely filled sand-filled bags. The system may also include a plurality of flat rigid panels larger than the malleable support members to bridge the gaps between adjacent malleable support members, thus transforming a generally level layer of malleable support members into a substantially flat flooring surface.

Abstract: A pre-formed grid or similar apparatus is disclosed for the arrangement and/or storage of flagstones, where the grid may also be used to facilitate installation of the flagstones.

Abstract: A safety surface for use in a designated area of a playground or other activity area includes a primary shock absorbing layer formed with a plurality of bags, and a border arranged for placement along selected edges of the designated area. The bags are sized and shaped to abut adjacent bags, with a portion of the bags arranged to abut the border. Each of the bags is filled with a plurality of pieces of a shock absorbent material, and includes one or more internal dividers arranged to divide the interior of the bag into a plurality of interior compartments. A top layer is arranged to overlie the bags and arranged for securement to the border. The top layer may be formed by discrete tiles that are joined together along seams by an elongate channel connector. The border may be formed of border sections joined at articulating joints.

Abstract: A paving system for paving or flooring includes a top layer of a plurality of paving elements, and an underlayment support layer of a polymeric material configured into panels. The panels are suitable to support the paving elements, the panels having a generally planar support surface and a recovery characteristic such that a deformation from a concentrated compressive load applied for a short duration returns the support surface to a generally planar condition.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide field test devices and methods for testing the compressive gradient strength of installed vehicle arresting systems, such as those installed on airport runways. Current methods of testing such arresting systems are conducted on sample materials in-house, and these methods are not applicable or useful when tests need to be conducted on currently-installed systems in the field.

Abstract: A water-permeable and water-absorbable ecological paving is formed of a water-permeable material that is commonly used in pavement construction and is mixed with unique hollow bodies, whereby all constituent components of the engineering material are uniformly mixed and laid to form an ecological paving layer. In addition to the water permeability of the base material, the paving layer also provide the functions of absorbing water, storing water, and retaining water, so as to reduce the likelihood of occurrence of water accumulation on the surface flooding and also to allow water to be greatly retained in the interior of the paving layer, whereby water vapor can be released from the interior to alleviate heat island effect in case of high temperature of the atmosphere.

Abstract: A traffic bearing structure with a permeable pavement includes a subgrade, a base positioned on top of the subgrade, and a wear surface positioned on top of the base. The base includes aggregate compacted in a single lift, where the aggregate in the base includes different sized particles mixed together. The wear surface includes a permeable pavement. The particle size distribution of the aggregate in the base is selected to provide adequate stability and permeability for the permeable pavement.

Abstract: An impact absorption panel is adapted for playground use and comprises a panel section and a plurality of projections. The panel section is defined by a top surface and a bottom surface. The plurality of projections extend from the bottom surface of the panel section. The plurality of projections have a first stage and a second stage. The first stage is configured to collapse initially when subjected to an impact load. The second stage is configured to provide greater resistance to the impact load than the first stage. The panel section is configured to provide greater resistance to the impact load than the first and second stages. The first stage can also be distinguished from the second stage by virtue of having a comparatively smaller volume.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and pavement structure for protecting highway subgrade in frozen soil areas. The pavement structure has two or more pavement layers having gradient thermal conductivity; the thermal conductivity is layered among the pavement layers and is lowered from top to bottom, so that the pavement forms a uni-directional thermal conducting tunnel from the subgrade to the air. Heat can be easily released from the subgrade into the air, and is prevented from being transferred from the air to the subgrade. In this way, the frozen soil layer beneath the subgrade is cooled, so that the frozen soil table is made stable, and the highway subgrade in frozen soil areas is protected.

Abstract: A gliding bed for a concrete slab comprises a first film and a second film wherein the first film can be brought into contact with a foundation of the concrete bottom slab and the second film can be brought into contact with a bottom side of the concrete slab by pouring concrete onto the second film and which films are tightly connected to each other at edges. In order to minimize friction between the concrete slab and the foundation, at least one gas- and liquid-permeable layer formed from a fleece and/or a textile fabric, a woven fabric or a knitted fabric is provided between the films.

Abstract: A set of artificial stones is disclosed for use in creating a covering for a supporting surface. Each artificial stone preferably includes a base portion for placement on the supporting surface, which base portion is shaped as a right regular prism for patterned, fitting arrangement of the flagstone with like flagstones in the set to produce a continuous surface covering. The base portion has a regular base contour. The stone further includes a top portion with a facing surface, the facing surface having an irregularly shaped top contour different from the base contour and an intermediate portion connecting the top portion with the base portion. The intermediate portion has an inclined wall extending between the top portion and a sidewall of the base portion. The irregular top contours of the stones, simulate the appearance of natural stone.

Abstract: The paver installation system includes a grid having a plurality of mounting holes for selective installation of spacers, a flexible edging and a screed guide rail. The screed guide rail may be selectively installed on the grid via mounting pegs mounted in select mounting holes for screeding an intermediate layer of aggregate material between the grid and the pavers to be laid thereon. The flexible edging is attached to the grid in order to set the edges of the pavement to be laid, and the flexibility thereof easily accommodates curved edges by bending to conform to the curves. The spacers are laid onto user selected mounting holes in the grid in order to serve as guides for laying pavers in a desired pavement pattern and to maintain spacing between adjacent pavers.

Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing artificial paving that helps improving global warming. A water permeable paving layer is provided under which a drain layer, which includes gravels or sand, is selectively formed, and an interfacing layer is formed under the drain layer. An ecological gradation layer is set and rammed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a geosynthetic wicking fabric for transporting water from beneath pavement structures to reduce or prevent damaged caused by frost heave and thaw. Further, the present invention is directed to a wicking drainage system employing the wicking fabric.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for manufacturing a roadway structure. To provide a good bond between plastic film and a bitumen-based support layer, an adhesive layer is provided that includes at least one fibrous material layer and one thermoplastic that is solid at room temperature. This method can allow for a rapid and efficient formation of a roadway structure.

Abstract: A water-pervious pavement structure comprising wearing course comprising a water-pervious combination of recycled glass and aggregate bound together with a flexible adhesive binder and held within a plurality of connected, open grid pockets; and a layer of unbound recycled glass disposed under the wearing course capable of adsorbing contacting hydrocarbons carried with water through the wearing course. In a preferred embodiment, the wearing course comprises about 30 wt. % to about 80 wt. % recycled glass and about 20 wt. % to about 70 wt. % aggregate bound together by a cured resin binder within the grid pockets.

Abstract: An arrester bed system for a runway area of an airport or airfield comprising: an artificial surface securely install in the area; a base beneath the artificial turf, the base configured to slow a moving aircraft; and soil beneath the base.

Abstract: Detailed are systems and techniques for protecting structures from vehicular attack. The systems incorporate deformable materials sufficient to disable or otherwise inhibit certain vehicular traffic yet support weights and weight distributions typically associated with pedestrian or other non-threat traffic. Bodies of deformable materials further may include rigid structures or vehicle-immobilization devices.

Abstract: A composition and method for use of a soy-based material binder is provided. One example method for increasing road stabilization with a soy-based material binder may include determining road base attributes of the road base for application. The method may further include creating a soy-based material binder comprising at least one of a soy protein isolate with a concentration in the range of 1 to 20% of soy protein isolate based on road base attributes. The method may further include determining an amount of soy-based material binder for a volume of application based on the concentration of soy protein isolate in the soy-based material binder and the road base attributes. Further still, the method may include combining the soy-based material binder and the road base wherein the resultant mixture includes soy-based material binder in a range of 0.0001-5 gallons per pound of road base.

Abstract: A bridge and pier structure are disclosed for extending over a waterway, wherein the pier structure includes a chamber filled with air or other buoyant material such that a buoyancy force is produced. The chamber is sized and filled such that the buoyancy force offsets at least eighty or ninety percent of the weight of the bridge that is supported by the pier. The pier structure includes a footing portion that is embedded into the bed of the waterway, and an optional piling extends downwardly from the footing to engage more stable strata. In an embodiment of the invention, the pier includes a relatively large upper portion that defines the buoyant chambers, and a relatively narrow portion that extends down to the footing portion of the pier. In an embodiment, a bumper assembly is disposed about the pier, to protect the pier and provide a platform for other activities.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method of applying an asphalt waterproofing membrane material for buildings and bridge decks using sawdust. More specifically, disclosed is a method for applying a waterproofing membrane composition having excellent waterproofing ability using sawdust, such that the composition is not broken down by external force and can function as a waterproofing material.

Abstract: An improved surface seeded exposed particulate concrete and method of making the improved surface seeded exposed particulate concrete is disclosed. Small particulate is sprayed over the upper surface of the concrete. The particulate may be sprayed using a material sprayer. The particulate may be uniformly sprayed to distances exceeding twenty feet. The particulate is mixed into a cement paste derived from the concrete mixture using floats. A surface retarder is then applied to cover the concrete surface. Subsequently, any surface film is washed from the surface of the concrete and the concrete is cured. The result is a surface seeded particulate with an exposed surface that is flat and is suitable for high traffic areas. The resultant surface may resemble stone, granite or marble.

Abstract: A concrete slab where the maximum width value of the slab Dx is determined by the lower measure between the distance D1 of the front wheels of a model loading truck or by the mean, and the distance D2 of a rear running gear of the same truck or the mean; the maximum slab length L is determined by the distance between the truck axles or the mean; and the thickness E is determined by the concrete resistance value, in view of anticipated traffic loads, the kind and quality of the base, and the ground type. The design methodology of this concrete slab allows for only one wheel or only one running gear of the truck to touch and move over the slab.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatuses for airport safety areas, runways and taxiways is provided. Various attachment systems for installing a synthetic covering are described. The use of artificial turf as well as various embodiments for a suitable synthetic matting for the installation are also described. Also, solar energy, heating and fire suppression systems are disclosed. A method of financing the turf system is also described using a synthetic covering with advertising.

Abstract: An electromagnetic absorber formed of conductive fiber or the like, such as carbon fiber having an overall length corresponding to the wavelength of electromagnetic waves to be absorbed, is mixed into a base material to form an electromagnetic wave-absorbing pavement material. The electromagnetic wave-absorbing pavement material is used to form a pavement having an electromagnetic wave absorbing course. Further, an electromagnetic wave reflecting course is disposed under the electromagnetic wave absorbing course, and the electric length of the electromagnetic wave reflecting course is set to a predetermined value in relation to the dielectric constant so that electromagnetic waves reflecting off the surface of the electromagnetic wave absorbing course and electromagnetic waves reflecting off the electromagnetic wave reflecting course have opposite phases and thereby cancel each other out, whereby the electromagnetic waves are absorbed well.

Abstract: A membrane assembly (100) has at least a pair of bottom sheet membranes (102), (102) and at least one top sheet membrane (104), wherein the bottom sheet membranes (102), (102) are adapted to attach to and cover respective pavement sections (106), (106) of a roadway (108), wherein the bottom sheet membranes (102), (102) are moveable relative to the top sheet membrane (104) in response to movement of the respective pavement sections (106), (106), and wherein the top sheet membrane (104) is adapted to support road surfacing material (112), while the top sheet membrane (104) extends over a gap (110) between the respective pavement sections (106), (106).

Abstract: An elastic permeable pavement comprising waste-polyurethane chips for use on new roads and a paving method using the same. This pavement uses a binder specially developed to secure the binding between an upper polyurethane chip layer and a lower permeable concrete layer as well as the binding among the waste-polyurethane chips, resulting in excellent strength and durability, and uses recycled polyurethane chips to provide elasticity and permeability suitable for sports activities, walking, and outdoor exercises.

Abstract: An elastic drainage pavement comprising waste-polyurethane chips for use on existing roads and a paving method using the same, which uses a binder specially developed to secure the binding between an upper polyurethane-chip layer and a lower existing-pavement layer as well as the binding among the waste-polyurethane chips, resulting in excellent strength and durability, and uses recycled polyurethane chips to provide elasticity and permeability suitable for sports activities, walking, and outdoor exercises.

Abstract: According to the invention, the surface is dressed by synchronous spreading of binder and gravel on the pavement as follows: a) a first layer of hot bitumen (b1) having a temperature greater than 100° C. is spread on the pavement (S): b) a film of hot water (e) is spread on top of said first layer, c) a second layer of hot bitumen (b2) having a temperature greater than 100° C. is spread on top of said film of hot water; d) a layer of gravel c) is spread on top of all of the above. Pavement dressing.

Abstract: A postensed celled concrete runway for take off and landing of aircraft is described, also for racetracks, freeways and highways, characterized by a celled structure wherein each cell contains: nervures, a cell base and a cell cover that forms the surface of runway. A core composed of expanded polystyrene is located between the nervures, base and cover, such that the volume weight of the cells is less than subsoil density. The celled structure also contains a leveling means that acts over cells of the celled structure to allow the cells to move in an upward and downward direction so that the runway surface can be leveled when there are sunken areas on the ground.

Abstract: Vehicle arresting beds, for installation at the ends of aircraft runways, are effective to safely decelerate aircraft entering the bed. The arresting bed is assembled of a large number of blocks of cellular concrete having predetermined compressive gradient strength, so that aircraft landing gear is subjected to drag forces effective to slow a variety of types of aircraft, while providing deceleration within a safe range of values. An arresting bed typically includes an entry region of a depth increasing from 9 to 24 inches formed of blocks having a first compressive gradient strength. A second region, which may be tapered into the first region and increase in depth to 30 inches, is formed of blocks having a greater compressive gradient strength. An aircraft thus experiences increasing drag forces while it travels through the bed, to provide an arresting capability suitable for a variety of aircraft.

Abstract: A foundation and a method for constructing the foundation are provided using recycled automotive tires. A portion of the respective side walls of the tires are formed into flat annular members. The annular members are laid out on the ground in an overlapping arrangement to form a continuous substrate layer. The substrate layer is covered with an aggregate material for forming the foundation. The substrate layer prevents the aggregate material from penetrating into the soil while permitting drainage therethrough.

Abstract: The NOx-cleaning paving structure of the present invention comprises a concrete base layer 1, a paving layer 2 and a surface layer 3 as illustrated in FIG. 1. The surface layer 3 comprises 100 parts by weight of cement, 5-50 parts by weight of titanium oxide powder and 100-700 parts by weight of aggregate, by which the surface layer on the paving layer can be provided with an NOx-cleaning action and an excellent durability. In addition, pozzolan materials, particularly a blast furnace slag, or adsorbing materials can be added to the surface layer. The paving layer 2 comprises an asphalt paving 21 or a concrete paving 6, both of which may include the used paving layers. It is preferable that the asphalt paving is porous and the surface thereof has an unevenness. Additionally, it is preferable that the thickness of the surface layer is 1-300 mm for the concrete paving and 2-15 mm for the asphalt paving. Among cement, injection cement for half-flexible paving is preferable.

Abstract: Ecotechnical pavement comprising a draining and wearing course (1) and at least a second lower layer (2) of analogous structure. The particular granulometry of the layers (1, 2) and the choice of aggregates, insure both an optimum adherence and the absorption of medium and high acoustic frequencies produced by vehicle traffic. Between the two layers (1, 2) and the lower supporting layer (5) there is provided a “cooperating separation layer” (3) which transmits the forces produced by vehicle traffic to the supporting layer (5). The layer (3) acts as a Helmhotz resonator in order to absorb sound at low frequencies, besides allowing an easy transversal flow of rainwater, the passage of powder of heavy metals or the passage of other types of liquids; the latter, which may be dangerous or polluting, are collected in a lateral “reservoir pavement” (9). The separation layer prevents cracks due to fatigue from rising.

Abstract: A roadway structure comprising from top to bottom:a top layer,at least one rigid foundation layer having a high modulus of rigidity and supporting the top layer,the ground, or an untreated material or a damaged roadway, andin addition particularly having an under layer beneath and adhered to the foundation layer, which under layer has a thickness such that it constitutes a support with a smooth and flat surface for the foundation layer laid thereon.

Abstract: The invention concerns a novel road structure whose bearing part on top of the ground comprises three successive layers of bituminous material bonded with one another, namely: a base layer which rests on the ground with optional insertion of a forming layer of thickness H.sub.i such that: 4 cm.ltoreq.H.sub.i .ltoreq.10 cm, and of elastic modulus: E.sub.i ; a median layer of thickness H.sub.m such that: 4 cm.ltoreq.H.sub.m .ltoreq.20 cm, and of elastic modulus E.sub.m such that: 2000 MPa<E.sub.m <8000 MPa; and a top layer of thickness H.sub.s such that: 4 cm.ltoreq.H.sub.s .ltoreq.10 cm, and of elastic modulus E.sub.s, such that elastic moduli of said layers comply with inequality relationships (a) and (b).

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a roadway for supporting vehicular traffic and which can be used over a wide variety of terrains comprises a network of interconnected modular components for supporting a road bed over which vehicles can travel and a plurality of prefabricated panels, overlaying the network of interconnected modular components, which form a road bed. The network of interconnected modular components includes a first layer of interconnected, prefabricated concrete cylinders placed over the terrain to be traversed. The concrete cylinders are formed into a number of rows whose longitudinal axes are parallel to the direction of the road. The network further includes a second layer of interconnected, prefabricated concrete cylinders placed over the first layer and joined to the first layer by a number of intermediate support devices. The concrete cylinders in the second layer have their longitudinal axes extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the road.

Abstract: Vehicle arresting beds, for installation at the ends of aircraft runways, are effective to safely decelerate aircraft entering the bed. The arresting bed is assembled of a large number of blocks of cellular concrete having predetermined compressive gradient strength, so that aircraft landing gear is subjected to drag forces effective to slow a variety of types of aircraft, while providing deceleration within a safe range of values. An arresting bed typically includes an entry region of a depth increasing from 9 to 24 inches formed of blocks having a first compressive gradient strength. A second region, which may be tapered into the first region and increase in depth to 30 inches, is formed of blocks having a greater compressive gradient strength. An aircraft thus experiences increasing drag forces while it travels through the bed, to provide an arresting capability suitable for a variety of aircraft.

Abstract: A rigid concrete slab for conveying vehicular or railroad traffic which is provided with functional longitudinal beams that extend or protrude downward from the underside of the slab and are fully and continuously supported by the underlying material. The attached beams enhance, strengthen and stabilize both longitudinally and transversely. Friction and suction, or interface adhesion, between the beams and the underlying material in which it rests causes the beams to act as anchors thereby further resisting displacement or distortion of the slab.

Abstract: Deadening pavement for roads, comprising: an upper layer (10), formed by a wearing course of asphalt having an average granulometry, and a lower layer (12) supporting the wearing course (10), and which is made of cement, concrete, or similar materials, wherein in the lower layer (12) there is obtained a plurality of cavities (18), facing directly the upper layer (10),which act as Helmholtz resonators.