Abstract: A removable and serviceable paving apparatus including an access port for providing access to the interior of the slab. The access port is operable to improve access to components of the paving system prior to, during, and/or after installation. The paving apparatus further includes a removable fastener for improving removability and serviceability. The removable fastener attaches the paving apparatus to its neighboring structures to form a paving surface, may be disengaged from the neighboring structures for removal, repair and/or service of the paving apparatus, and may be re-engaged upon re-installation of the paving apparatus.

Abstract: A removable and serviceable paving apparatus including an access port for providing access to the interior of the slab. The access port is operable to improve access to components of the paving system prior to, during, and/or after installation. The paving apparatus further includes a removable fastener for improving removability and serviceability. The removable fastener attaches the paving apparatus to its neighboring structures to form a paving surface, may be disengaged from the neighboring structures for removal, repair and/or service of the paving apparatus, and may be re-engaged upon re-installation of the paving apparatus.

Abstract: Various monolithic pavers are one-piece pavers with no seams, joints, or connections. A monolithic paver can be formed via three dimensional (3D) printing or molding. The monolithic paver is designed to carry applied loads to paver support(s) via structural members of the monolithic paver. The monolithic paver is formed to include parallel structural members that are spaced with gaps there between. The parallel structural members include top flanges and webs. The parallel structural members can also include bottom flanges. Moreover, the monolithic paver can have exterior sides that have tongues and grooves formed there along; tongues can be formed along adjoining exterior sides of the monolithic paver.

Abstract: A removable and serviceable paving apparatus including an access port for providing access to the interior of the slab. The access port is operable to improve access to components of the paving system prior to, during, and/or after installation. The paving apparatus further includes a removable fastener for improving removability and serviceability. The removable fastener attaches the paving apparatus to its neighboring structures to form a paving surface, may be disengaged from the neighboring structures for removal, repair and/or service of the paving apparatus, and may be re-engaged upon re-installation of the paving apparatus.

Abstract: A conduit for the formation of pervious pavement includes a first portion and a second portion joinable to the first portion. The first portion includes a pair of first receiving notches and a pair of third receiving notches oriented perpendicular to the first receiving notches. The second portion includes a pair of second receiving notches and a pair of fourth receiving notches oriented perpendicular to the first receiving notches. When the first and second portions are joined to one another, the pair of first receiving notches cooperates with the pair of second receiving notches to define a pair of first attachment openings for receiving a first structural member of a reinforcing mesh, and the pair of third receiving notches cooperates with the pair of fourth receiving notches to define a pair of second attachment openings for receiving a second structural member of the reinforcing mesh.

Abstract: A conduit for the formation of pervious pavement includes a first connector and a second connector joinable to the first connector. The first connector includes a pair of first receiving notches. The second connector includes a pair of second receiving notches oriented perpendicular to the first receiving notches. When the first and second connector are joined to one another, the pair of first receiving notches cooperates with the second connector to define a pair of first attachment openings for receiving a first structural member of a reinforcing mesh, and the pair of second receiving notches cooperates with the first connector to define a pair of second attachment openings for receiving a second structural member of the reinforcing mesh. First and second tubes are inserted into the first and second connectors to complete the conduit assembly.

Abstract: An embedment tile for producing a tactilely detectable surface in a pedestrian walkway. The tile includes a pattern of upwardly extending projections on its upper surface forming a tactilely detectable pattern, and the projections have reinforcing ridges to protect the projections from lateral forces such as those applied by snow plows.

Abstract: Tactile detection embedment plates used in pedestrian walkways releasably aligned by a bracket on at least one of the embedment plates. The bracket can be mated with a bracket on another plate to define a receiver yoke in which a wedge is disposed for a releasable plate assembly connection.

Abstract: A precast roadway slab is pre-tensioned longitudinally and transversely, and may also be post-tensioned. A casting bed has the capability of permitting pre-tensioning of a concrete cast to be carried out within the casting bed in both the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction. Slots are provided at regular intervals within the side walls and jacking heads of the casting bed for tensioning wires to pass therethrough for pre-tensioning. The process utilizes a multilayer grid of pre-tensioning wires disposed within the casting bed, prior to pouring of the concrete. The cast concrete product can also be made with optional tubular ducts, laid parallel to the longitudinal wires, for post-tensioning subsequent to the cast of the concrete. The post-tensioning of the hardened cast, if called for, takes place at the job site.

Abstract: A road overlay product for protecting a repaired road portion including repaired potholes and utility cuts. A pothole or utility cut is preliminarily repaired with asphalt fill and compacted per current standard practice. Thereafter, the overlay is placed upon the compacted top surface of the asphalt fill, overlapping onto the adjacent road surface and compressed. The overlay forms a water proof seal preventing water from seeping into the repaired area. The overlay also resists crack propagation and minimizes the potential of asphalt chipping and the breaking down of the asphalt fill and surrounding roadway.

Abstract: A mesh assembly for the formation of pervious pavement is disclosed. The mesh is defined by a plurality of elongated structural members. The mesh has a first side and a second side. A plurality of conduits are coupled to and extend through the mesh. Each conduit has a first end defining a first opening, a second end defining a second opening, and a passageway extending between the first opening and the second opening. The plurality of conduits each have at least one of the elongated structural members extending through a sidewall of the conduit such that the first opening is positioned on the first side of the mesh and the second opening is positioned on the second side of the mesh.

Abstract: A composition for use in a fiber modified layer, comprising an aggregate material, a binder, and a plurality of fibers, wherein each fiber has a length of greater than 0.25 inches. Also provided is a method of selecting a fiber modified layer for applying on an existing surface, comprising the steps of: providing a binder mixture having an effective amount of an aggregate material, a binder, and a plurality of fibers, wherein each of the plurality of fibers has a length greater than 0.25 inches; applying the binder mixture to a selected surface to form a fiber modified proposed layer; testing the fiber modified proposed layer for fatigue or crack resistant properties; and selecting the binder mixture for application on the existing surface for performance if the fiber modified proposed layer has fatigue or crack resistant properties.

Abstract: The product and the process for preparing a precast roadway slab that is pre-tensioned longitudinal y and transversely and which slab may be post tensioned. A new casting bed has the capability of permitting pre-tensioning of a concrete cast to be carried out within the casting bed in both the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction. Slots are provided at regular intervals within the side walls and jacking heads of the casting bed for tensioning wires to pass there through for pre-tensioning. The process utilizes a multilayer grid of pre-tensioning wires disposed within the casting bed, prior to pouring of the concrete. The cast concrete product is also made with optional tubular ducts, laid parallel to the longitudinal wires for post-tensioning prior to the cast of the concrete. The post tensioning, if called for, of the hardened cast takes place at the job site.

Abstract: A rubber access mat includes a rubber slab having opposed side edges defining a width and opposed end edges defining a length. A rigidifying grid of reinforcing wire is embedded within the rubber slab. The grid consists of a plurality of parallel spaced wires extending between the opposed side edges for most of the width of the rubber slab and a plurality of parallel spaced wires extending between the opposed end edges for most of the length of the rubber slab. The reinforcing wire is not less than number ten gauge wire.

Abstract: A composition for use in a fiber modified layer, comprising an aggregate material, a binder, and a plurality of fibers, wherein each fiber has a length of greater than 0.25 inches. Also provided is a method of selecting a fiber modified layer for applying on an existing surface, comprising the steps of: providing a binder mixture having an effective amount of an aggregate material, a binder, and a plurality of fibers, wherein each of the plurality of fibers has a length greater than 0.25 inches; applying the binder mixture to a selected surface to form a fiber modified proposed layer; testing the fiber modified proposed layer for fatigue or crack resistant properties; and selecting the binder mixture for application on the existing surface for performance if the fiber modified proposed layer has fatigue or crack resistant properties.

Abstract: A reinforcing rod includes a rectilinear and elongated shaft that has a centrally disposed longitudinal axis and includes a monolithically formed spine extending along an entire length of the shaft and parallel to the axis. The spine includes monolithically formed coextensive rings equidistantly spaced and juxtaposed along a length of the shaft. The spine bifurcates the rings. The rings form a generally spiral pattern about the shaft. The shaft is formed from steel. A mechanism is included for providing a smooth surface of the shaft.

Abstract: A plurality of wood planks are embedded and encased in a one-piece rubber mat to form a monolithic one-piece roadway element. A special coupling means is used to couple one roadway element to an adjacent roadway element to form a roadway surface over which heavy equipment can traverse.

Abstract: Pre-cast curbside access ramp and methods of making and installing the same. In a preferred embodiment, the pre-cast ramp is a quasi-trapezoidal member shaped to include an integrally formed curb portion, a trapezoidal central portion disposed behind the curb portion and a pair of generally triangular side portions disposed behind the curb portion and seamlessly transitioning from opposite sides of the central portion. The ramp is made using a forming apparatus comprising an inner form positioned within an outer form. The inner form, which is more shallow than the outer form, is filled with gravel. A steel grid is then positioned within the outer form and over the inner form. The outer form is then filled with concrete, which is then shaped, screeded, edged, grooved, troweled and allowed to harden within the outer form. When removed from the outer form, the bottom of the cast is provided with a weight-reducing recess.

Abstract: In the manufacture of an articulated, predominantly concrete mat, which comprises concrete blocks and a flexible geogrid embedded in such blocks and in which the flexible geogrid defines flexible members connecting such blocks to one another, an intermediate article being a concrete slab is cast, in which a flexible geogrid is embedded. The slab has relatively thinner portions, along which the slab is breakable to form such blocks, and relatively thicker portions, which become such blocks when the slab is broken along the relatively thinner portions. The relatively thicker portions are arranged in parallel rows and are staggered in adjacent rows, before the slab is broken therealong, and the relatively thicker portions in alternate rows are aligned in parallel columns, before the slab is broken therealong.

Abstract: A palisade comprises visible or wall surfaces disposed on opposing sides and intermediate end faces. One of the end faces is provided with a projecting convex head, while the other end face comprises a correspondingly formed concave receptacle for the head. When forming a palisade wall, the head of a palisade can engage in the receptacle of a neighboring palisade such that the head substantially completely fills the receptacle. To be able to bend neighboring palisades relative to one another over a large angle and to increase the design possibilities of a palisade wall, the head and the receptacle are disposed eccentrically on the respective end face and preferably in the corner region between the end face and the associated visible or wall surface.

Abstract: A long-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin sheet comprises short strands, each of which has a width of from 0.2 to 5 mm and a length of from 10 to 150 mm and is made of a unidirectionally long-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin. The short strands are oriented at random and are fixed together at intersections thereof. The long-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin sheet has a basis weight of from 30 to 500 g/m2 and is provided with openings therein. The long-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin sheet can be produced by evenly spreading and piling up short strands of substantially circular or elliptical sections, and subjecting the short strands to pressureless hot-melt adhesion or to hot-melt compression bonding under pressure such that the sheet has a basis weight of from 30 to 500 g/m2 and is provided with openings therein. The short strands of the substantially circular or elliptical sections have an average diameter of from 0.1 to 1.

Abstract: A composite floor tile is disclosed which can be installed without bonding it to a floor foundation or an existing floor. This composite tile comprises a base member of a metal material which is bonded on its top to a slab of a stone material and is bonded on its bottom to at least one rest member intended for ground contact. 14. A composite tile according to either claim 10 or 11, wherein the material from which said rests (7) are formed is selected from a group comprising architectural- or industrial-grade rubber, soft polyvinylchloride (PVC), pressed felt, latex, and silicone.

Abstract: A pre-fabricated pavement slab having a binder distribution system and an interconnection system formed for attachment of the bottom surface of the slab, wherein both the binder distribution system and the interconnection system are accessible from the top surface of the slab, such that the binder material may be injected into the binder distribution and interconnection systems from the top surface of the slab.

Abstract: A pre-fabricated pavement slab having a binder distribution system and an interconnection system formed for attachment of the bottom surface of the slab, wherein both the binder distribution system and the interconnection system are accessible from the top surface of the slab, such that the binder material may be injected into the binder distribution and interconnection systems from the top surface of the slab.

Abstract: A paving assembly including a plurality of paving elements interconnected by a joining mesh. The mesh has a number of spaced-apart flat portions between the paving elements and a number of reinforcing portions of generally triangular shape extending into the body of the paving elements. A mold base has recesses to receive settable cementitious material and an insert tool is used to insert the mesh into the settable material. On setting, the paving assembly thus formed is readily removed from the mold base by inverting the base.

Abstract: A weldless grating comprising a plurality of longitudinally extending primary load-bearing members having an upper portion, a lower portion and a web located between the upper portion and the lower portion, the primary load-bearing member having a plurality of spaced-apart, generally rectangular-shaped openings in the web, the openings in each of the primary load-bearing members being aligned with the openings in adjacent primary load-bearing members. A plurality of secondary and tertiary load bearing members are provided.

Abstract: A pavement mat to be used in the construction of temporary roadways comprising a plurality of vehicle tire segments tightly compressed and bound between preceding and succeeding stabilizer members. Each of the stabilizer members has an end plate and a plurality of tie rods that extend perpendicularly outward from its surface. The end plates also have rod holes to receive the tie rods the next succeeding stabilizer member. The preceding and succeeding stabilizer members are held in place by bolts or other means. When the vehicle tires are compressed together between the stabilizer members they are penetrated by the tie rods of its preceding stabilizer member. These tie rods stitch the tires together and keeps the tires tightly compressed together between the stabilizer members. A cap plate stabilizer member, without tie rods, is for use as the last of the succeeding stabilizer members, the cap plate has holes for receiving each of the tie rods of its immediately preceding stabilizer member.

Abstract: 1. Paving stone set and process and device for the manufacture thereof.2.1. In the case of lawn-paving blocks formed from paving stones (10) spaced at a considerable distance apart, these are joined together, against relative displacements, by a holding grid (11) embedded in the paving stones (10) and comprising tension-resistant strands. The said holding grid allows the transfer of traction forces and hence the reciprocal safeguarding of the paving stones (10) within a paving stone set held together by the holding grid (11).2.2. The manufacture of the paving stone sets is effected in a concrete stone mold which is conventional in its principle. A flask (19) disposed on a molding plate (28) and a drawing sheet (29) is divided in the horizontal plane (33), creating a top part-flask (34) and a bottom part-flask (35). The holding grid (11) is clamped between the two part-flasks during pouring of the concrete.

Abstract: Paving stone set and process and device for the manufacture thereof.In the case of lawn-paving blocks formed from paving stones (10) spaced at a considerable distance apart, these are joined together, against relative displacements, by a holding grid (11) embedded in the paving stones (10) and comprising tension-resistant strands. The said holding grid allows the transfer of traction forces and hence the reciprocal safeguarding of the paving stones (10) within a paving stone set held together by the holding grid (11).The manufacture of the paving stone sets is effected in a concrete stone mold which is conventional in its principle. A flask (19) disposed on a molding plate (28) and a drawing sheet (29) is divided in the horizontal plane (33), creating a top part-flask (34) and a bottom part-flask (35). The holding grid (11) is clamped between the two part-flasks during pouring of the concrete. Following the completion of a paving stone set, the bottom part-flask (35) is withdrawn from the concrete stone mold.

Abstract: A vinyl walkway paver, particularly the one used as a paving stone with grass contained therein. The paver can be integrally formed to have a surface with a plurality of ridged bodies which are different in sizes. The center of the paver is a recessed portion, the four sides of the recessed portion form a hollow frame, the corners joining the diagonals of the frame are provided with corner holes and corner blocks. By such configuration, a plurality of pavers can be laid on the walkway, the central recessed portion thereof can be filled up with soil for planting grass. Moreover, the interior wall of the hollow frame can be provided with a plurality of ribs to form a suitable rough surface for strengthening the structure of the paver. Expansible materials such as polystyrene can also be filled inside the frame to give a better bonding structure.

Abstract: To form a paved surface, a laminate is used which has on the bottom a geotextile fabric with the mesh structure on the top. The fabric is adhered to the road base by spraying or spreading a bituminous liquid onto the base and laying on the laminate and applying further adhesive to the top of the laminate; asphalt is then placed and rolled. The laminate is formed of a square or rectangular mesh structure which has oriented stands connected at junctions which are thicker than the strands and have low-orientated or unorientated nodules. On one side the surface of the nodules are melted and the fabric is pressed into the nodules so that the plastics material of the nodules envelopes some of the fibres or filaments of the fabric to form a mechanical bond. In this way, the oriented strands stand proud of the fabric, to enable the asphalt aggregate to penetrate into the meshes and interlock with the strands.

Abstract: A portable, prefabricated, reinforced asphalt composition paving tile having a thickness from about one-half to about two and one-half inches is disclosed having upper surface and lower surface interlocking extensions. The tile is particularly suitable for the convenient installation of pavement on small surface areas where heavy construction equipment would be difficult to use.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a weldless pavement module and a method for making a weldless pavement module. Each of the primary load bearing bars is formed with openings for receiving slotted secondary load bearing bars which are passed through the primary load bearing bars in a substantially horizontal position and which are rotated into a vertical position. The size and shape of the openings and the slots permit the combination of primary load bearing bars and secondary load bearing bars to be skewed to form a nonrectangular parallelogram configuration. Simple tack welds are used to temporarily hold the grating in its desired configuration. A concrete component encases at least the top surface of the grating base member and permanently secures the elements of the grating base member together. The use of tack welds eliminates the requirement that the grating base member be bent into a convex shape prior to welding. A simple flat jig is used.

Abstract: A pavement tile includes a section of reinforcing geotextile fabric coated on a top side with asphalt adhesive and a layer of asphalt aggregate mix or "hot mix" over the adhesive. The asphalt aggregate mix is compacted to a desired thickness and degree of compaction. Asphalt is applied over a bottom side of the fabric, and a peelable backing applied over the asphalt. For repair of deteriorated pavement, the protective backing is simply peeled off, and the pavement tile applied over the deteriorated spot of wear course. New paved surface or large repairs can be made by simply adjoining tiles. The tiles are preferably made in batches. A large sheet is spread with the layers of asphalt adhesive and asphalt aggregate mix, and compacted. The large sheet is cut into tiles, and the asphalt and backing applied to individual tiles. The tiles are stacked in batches of six on a convenient crate with handles.

Abstract: A portable airfield runway having an anchoring and tensioning system is crised of a plurality of fiberglass reinforced plastic panels anchored with earth anchors at each end of the runway and uses self-contained hydraulic tensioning and load maintenance units to maintain constant tension on the runway while allowing for both expansion/contraction due to temperature and dynamic aircraft braking loads.

Abstract: A boiler includes a high intensity combustor mounted in a shell that defines the boiler housing. A coil bank is mounted in the boiler and spaced from the combustor. A fire pot is positioned in the combustor and defines a combustion chamber with a combustion throat at one end and a choke at a second end between the combustion chamber and the coil bank. The choke is formed of refractory material and includes uniformly distributed steel fibers that conduct heat across the choke from the hot side adjacent the combustion chamber to the cooler side adjacent the coil bank. The steel fibers substantially reduce the thermal gradient in the choke and improve boiler efficiency.

Abstract: A light weight pavement module is described which comprises a base grating, an impervious intermediate layer, such as a reinforced plastic or fiberglass sheet applied over the base grating, and a concrete top layer wear surface applied over the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer prevents the concrete top layer from penetrating through the base grating. The grating has studs attached to it which pierce the intermediate layer and project into the top layer wear surface in order to form an integral pavement module.

Abstract: A light weight pavement module is described which comprises a base grating, an impervious intermediate layer, such as a reinforced plastic or fiberglass sheet applied over the base grating, and a concrete top layer wear surface applied over the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer prevents the concrete top layer from penetrating through the base grating. The grating has shear connectors which pierce the intermediate layer and project into the top layer wear surface in order to form an integral pavement module. The pavement module may be formed without an intermediate layer if the module is otherwise constructed so that the top layer wear surface does not penetrate and fill the interstices of the base grating.

Abstract: Reinforced concrete bridge decking comprises a plurality of substantially identical, removable, interchangeable reinforced concrete panels having protruding tongues at opposite ends supported on and retained in place by resilient, shock absorbing pads. The panels each have a metallic frame substantially filled with concrete, and an abrasive material layer is bonded on the top surface of the concrete. The abrasive material layer provides a hard, salt resistant, anti-skid surface on the concrete panels, and also serves to strengthen the panels. The resilient pads are readily removable to release the individual panels, so that a tool can be engaged with the panels in the spaces defined between the tongues at the opposite ends thereof to remove the individual panels for maintenance or repair, or to interchange the panels with one another.

Abstract: Reinforced concrete is prepared by embedding within it a reinforcing element of at least one rigid plastic gridwork (which is optionally filler reinforced) of integrally molded struts.

Abstract: A concrete paving stone having single flags held together with a number of concrete ribs between adjacent stones such that the ribs will resist breaking during ordinary handling but will break upon the application of vibration after the paving stone is laid on a level sand bed to thereby provide a number of unconnected flags.