Abstract: A magnetic soil remediation agent for soil heavy metal pollution and a preparation method and application thereof are provided. The magnetic soil remediation agent is prepared by using remediation agent framework material and magnetic core material as raw materials, and heavy metal collector as modifier; said framework material is silicon dioxide activated by strong alkali; said magnetic core material comprises magnetic materials Fe3O4 and ?-Fe2O3; said modifier comprises ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid trisodium salt (NTA), (S,S)-ethylenediamine-N,N-disuccinic acid trisodium salt (EDDS) and mercaptoethylamine. The remediation agent of the present invention can effectively passivate the heavy metals in the soil, reduce their available contents, and inhibit the absorption of heavy metals by plants.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a soil remediation and soil pore stabilising composition comprising at least one electrolyte and at least one cofactor.

Abstract: A foliar nutritional composition and method for using same for providing nutrients and/or for treating disease in plants. The foliar nutritional composition comprises a metal salt complexed with amino acids from hydrolyzed yeast extract. The metal salt is selected for high solubility using a salt of a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, zinc, iron, manganese, and combinations thereof. Preferred metal salt are nitrates, chlorides, and combinations thereof. In the method, an aqueous solution of this composition is sprayed on the plant foliage and absorbed by the plant.

Abstract: Disclosed is a biogas residue-based in situ and ectopic coupled detoxification method for hexavalent chromium site and soil remediation agent. The method is applied to chromium-containing soil by formulating biogas residue, a carbon source and a sulfate into said soil remediation agent. Special construction and maintenance methods are adopted to achieve effective reduction of hexavalent chromium in deep contaminated soil. Therefore, the biogas residue-based in situ and ectopic coupled detoxification method for hexavalent chromium-containing sites cannot only be used to remediate chromium-containing sites deep in depth at a low cost and high efficiency, but also achieve recycled utilization of waste by treating waste with one another, thereby possessing significant value in promotion and practice.

Abstract: Disclosed is an in-situ detoxification method for a heavily contaminated site by hexavalent chromium. The method includes injecting a chemical reducing agent into a site heavily contaminated with hexavalent chromium, and injecting a chromium soil remediation microbial agent into the site after 0-10 days. The in-situ detoxification method includes: first, in-situ injecting the chemical reducing agent into the soil, preliminarily reducing high-concentration hexavalent chromium such that the hexavalent chromium of high concentration has no toxic effect on the subsequent ecological microbial agent, then in-situ injecting the ecological microbial agent prepared from biogas residue, a carbon source and sulfate into the chromium-containing soil under pressure, and forming a large-scale reducing buffer zone containing sulfate-reducing bacteria and sulfide in a special maintenance manner in the subsurface soil of the site to reduce the hexavalent chromium continuously and effectively.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new fertilizer comprising water and an organic potassium source wherein the fertilizer composition has a pH range of from 5.5 to 10.0 and a salt index no greater than about 40 as measured by electrical conductivity methods. The organic potassium source is selected from the group consisting of potassium acetate, potassium formate, potassium citrate, potassium succinate, potassium propionate, and combinations thereof. The fertilizer demonstrates lower phytotoxicity damage compared to other sources of potassium for fertilizer products. The fertilizer composition may further comprise nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, zinc, boron, calcium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, magnesium, molybdenum, inoculants, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: According to one aspect, data identifying a component is received, wherein the component is part of a system associated with a wellhead. A location at which the component is positioned relative to one or more other components is identified. The useful remaining operational life of the component is predicted based on at least an operational parameter specific to the location, and the operational history of the component or one or more components equivalent thereto. According to another aspect, a model representing at least a portion of a proposed system associated with a wellhead is generated, the model comprising a plurality of objects, each of which has a proposed location and represents an existing component. The useful remaining operational life for each object is predicted based on an operational parameter at the corresponding proposed location, and data associated with the respective operational history of the existing component.

Abstract: A method and system for the reduction of contamination in soil and groundwater is provided. Cyclic oligosaccharides can be used, for example, to carry oxidants, carry activators, solubilize organic contaminants and promote biodegradation.

Abstract: Magnetically aligned carbon nanoparticle composites have enhanced electrical properties. The composites comprise carbon nanoparticles, a host material, magnetically sensitive nanoparticles and a surfactant. In addition to enhanced electrical properties, the composites can have enhanced mechanical and thermal properties.

Abstract: A method for the removal of semi-volatile organic compounds in soils, sludges, groundwater, process water, and wastewater is presented. Oxidation and biological attenuation processes utilize persulfates and other oxidants with trivalent metals, such as ferrous iron or Mn3+, as activators. The resulting chemical oxidation process yields degradation compounds which facilitate further attenuation via biological processes.

Abstract: A method of preventing soil erosion in, among areas, seaside locations, includes drilling holes in the ground and filling the holes with a mixture of the soil and gelatin, and then curing the mixture in situ to form a barrier against soil erosion.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for the treatment of an environmental medium contaminated with arsenic, comprising treating such medium with an effective amount of persulfate and zero valent iron.

Abstract: Implementations and techniques for providing subsurface permeation barriers are generally disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is a practically valuable and economically excellent insolubilizing material for a specific toxic substance: that is useful for insolubilizing treatment for a heavy metal or the like conducted by applying the insolubilizing material for a specific toxic substance to soil or on the surface of the soil; that is capable of effectively insolubilizing and immobilizing the heavy metal or the like; that is capable of making treated matter neutral so as to be reusable and environment-friendly; and moreover that is capable of imparting strength to the treated matter as necessary; and with which the heavy metal or the like is not re-eluted even when the treated matter is exposed to an environment under a neutral condition or an acidic condition.

Abstract: A method of remediating contaminated sediment area. The sediment has an initial water depth and comprises water and fine-grained solids. The contaminated sediment is contained in place by installing over the contaminated sediment an in-situ cap having a total thickness TCP. The contaminated sediment, and optionally any uncontaminated subsurface, is then consolidated until the total settlement of the contaminated and uncontaminated sediment exceeds the thickness TCP of the in-situ cap. The sediment is consolidated by installing a vertical barrier along the perimeter of the contaminated sediment area, installing a plurality of horizontal line drains into the sediment, connecting the horizontal line drains to a vacuum source, installing an in-situ cap over the contaminated sediment area and over the upper edge of the vertical barrier, and applying vacuum pressure to the horizontal line drains to dewater and consolidate the sediment.

Abstract: A formulation for the bioremediation of soil or groundwater includes from about 80 to 95% of an emulsifiable C4-C22 vegetable oil selected from the group consisting of soybean oil, coconut oil, rapeseed (canola) oil, peanut oil, crambe oil, sunflower oil and combinations thereof; and from about 5 to 20% of an emulsifier selected from the group consisting of a vegetable oil derived from a C16-C20 fatty acid ester or a mixture of such esters. The efficacy of the formulation is improved by adding hydrogen-enriched water to the emulsifiable oil as a dilution fluid.

Abstract: A method and system for treating golf course sand bunkers to maintain sand in a playable condition by improving the propensity for water to pass through, opening clogged drains, and decomposing organic sediment. The method and system include a drainage solution and a microbe-based solution which are applied to the sand bunker in at least two applications, separated by a period of time, preferably a month. The drainage solution comprises a blend of surfactants and/or physical stability agents and the microbe-based solution comprises a liquid and microbes.

Abstract: The invention provides inter alia a mineral complex comprising about 40 wt. % to about 60 wt. % SiO2, about 6 wt. % to about 16 wt. % Fe2O3, about 4 wt. % to about 12 wt. %. CaO, about 2 wt. % to about 8 wt. % MgO, wherein at least 85% of the mineral complex has a particle size of about 10 to about 6000 mesh, related compositions and methods for their use, including for growth medium augmentation and remediation.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for treating contaminated soil and/or ground water in situ. The compositions and methods comprise stabilized forms of colloidal activated carbon that are used to quickly sorb contaminants. Unlike traditional activated carbon in granular or powder form, the compounds and methods of the present invention are operative to transport particulate activated carbon through a matrix of soil and groundwater upon application by injection, gravity feed, or percolation into soil and groundwater, which in turn decontaminate groundwater in place without the cost or disruption associated with digging the contaminated soil and groundwater out of the ground for on-site purification or disposal at a hazardous waste landfill.

Abstract: Method for the stabilization of contaminants within a material selected from soils, mining tailings and by-products, sludge wastes and industrial wastes, by mixing the material with an alum sludge composition. The composition includes one or more aluminum compound(s) and/or complex(es) together with a reactive carbon material.

Abstract: A brine membrane method for controlling dust on a saline lakebed is disclosed comprising the steps of creating or locating an existing wetting basin, depositing precipitated salts in the basin, and depositing a brine over the salts to form a brine membrane.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises at least one cutting jet configured to inject a fluid into a first layer of soil below a surface layer of underwater soil in a first region. At least one soil extractor is configured to remove at least a portion of the injected fluid and a portion of the first layer of soil in the first region. A mixing manifold is provided for mixing the removed portion of the injected fluid and the removed portion of the first layer of soil. A discharge is provided for depositing the mixed fluid and soil over the surface layer of underwater soil.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for treating ship ballast water, wherein electron beams are irradiated into the ballast water to induce radiolysis of the water, and harmful marine organisms present in the ballast water are killed by radicals produced by the radiolysis. The electron beams are continuously irradiated into the ballast water under operating conditions of an energy of 0.5-5 MeV, an electron beam irradiation dose of 0.1-30 kGy and a flow rate of 1-200 m3/hr.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for remediation of sites contaminated with metals such as former industrial sites and mines. In particular the invention provides a process for site remediation comprising the steps of: (a) adding metal-binding particles to a site containing one or more metal contaminants such that at least some of the one or metal contaminants are sequestered by the particles, and (b) populating the site with plants. The use of the particles of the present invention in association with plants, and microbiota associated with the plant roots can achieve sustainable phytostabilization of contaminated sites.

Abstract: This method of restricting methane production in methanogenic bacteria, by the use of the enzyme and coenzyme inhibitors, works during anaerobic reductive dechlorination. Various compounds such as, but not limited to, red yeast rice, vitamin B10 derivatives, and ethanesulfonates are utilized to disrupt these different enzyme and coenzyme systems responsible for the production of methane. This method affects the competition of the methanogen and halo bacteria for the organic hydrogen donors that are injected in the soil and groundwater system during the remediation process.

Abstract: Compositions and methods of using such compositions for treating subsurface soil in an aquifer to remove contaminants that may be present in water of the aquifer. The composition includes a first solution and a second solution. The first solution includes at least one chemical capable of being effectively bound to soil to form a sorbent matrix by reacting in the subsurface. The second solution includes at least one chemical capable of reacting with at least one of the chemicals in the first solution in order to create the matrix. The first and second solutions are chosen so as to react on a time scale allowing at least one chemical in the first solution to bind to the soil.

Abstract: Soil treatment device for treating a contaminated soil and/or groundwater contained therein, comprising measuring means for measuring contamination of the soil, injecting means for injecting soil decontamination agents in the soil and a longitudinal soil penetration rod provided with a rod tip at an end of the soil penetration rod for moving the soil penetration rod into the soil, the outer surface of the soil penetration rod comprising a measuring section comprising at least one sensor of the measuring means for measuring contamination of the soil adjacent to the measuring section when moved into the soil and an injection section comprising at least one injection nozzle of the injecting means for injecting decontamination agent in the soil adjacent to the injection section, wherein the measuring section and the injection section are provided at longitudinally distinct locations of the soil penetration rod and in that the measuring section is closer to the rod tip than the injection section, characterized in

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for treating soil material. According to the invention, the soil material is treated by a mixture composition containing at least microfibrillated cellulose and water.

Abstract: An improved and efficient method of producing a composition containing a metal peroxide capable of enhancing microbial degradation of contaminants in soil and groundwater. The method includes reacting a metal oxide or metal hydroxide with hydrogen peroxide in a solution of water containing a reaction moderator, intercalation agent, and a gelling agent.

Abstract: A treatment system for degrading chlorinated dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) is disclosed. The treatment system comprises a solvent system and hydrophobic zero valent irons distributed in the solvent system. In addition, the method of remediation of groundwater is also disclosed by using the treatment system.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a remediation material uses a biogenic material as a substrate and involves preparing the surface of the substrate to enable a chemical reaction, and performing template-driven surface derivatization on the substrate to provide a net positive charge on the substrate. The remediation material may be placed into contact with surface water, ground water, soil, or sediment by at least one of a permeable reactive barrier, direct well injection, or direct introduction of the remediation material into soil or sediment, to remove contaminants from the surface water, ground water, soil, or sediment.

Abstract: An improved material and process for decontaminating an organic chemical spill and animal waste is made by: partially composting plant material; adding spent mushroom compost; mixing some of the partially composted plant material with the dry plant material; inoculating the mixture with a small amount a petroleum hydrocarbon; adding iron sulfate, ammonium nitrate, or a mixture of iron sulfate and ammonium nitrate; adding water; and adding a clump preventing material. A nutrient may also be added to this mixture. The final product is mixed with the spilled organic chemical and allowed to incubate for a suitable time at ambient temperature. A similar material may be used as a pet litter.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of treating a composition. In one embodiment, the method includes contacting a sulfur-based bulk reductant with a composition that includes soil and/or water and further includes one or more oxidized organic and/or inorganic compounds. In another embodiment, the method includes contacting a sulfur-based bulk reductant with a composition that includes soil and/or water and further includes one or more chlorinated organic compounds. In still another embodiment, the method includes contacting a sulfur-based bulk reductant with a composition that includes soil and/or water and further includes one or more chemical warfare agents. Also provided herein are sulfur-based bulk reductants for use in remediation of contaminated soil and/or water.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for the remediation of environmental contaminants using redox reactions are described. The redox reactions include manganese compounds and peroxide generating compounds. The methods and compositions are also useful for the remediation of highly oxidized environmental contaminants.

Abstract: A method for sulfurous acid leaching of heavy metals from soils into a contaminated water fraction for subsequent precipitation with alkaline and nutrient reagents for filtration removal to provide a metal free soil and reclaimed water suitable for raising crops and open stream discharge.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method for assessing potential nitrogen concentration of plant available nitrogen in soil comprises collecting soil samples, analyzing one or more of the soil samples to compute the amount of nitrate and the amount of ammonium, analyzing one or more of the soil samples to compute the amount of mineralizable nitrogen using a soil respiration method, obtaining a total plant available nitrogen value in the soil samples by summing the computed nitrate value, the computed ammonium value, and the computed mineralizable nitrogen value, and calculating a potential nitrogen assessment value by subtracting from the total plant available nitrogen value an amount of nitrogen applied at time of planting not represented within the soil sample and further subtracting an amount of nitrogen required to achieve the crop yield goal multiplied by the yield crop goal.

Abstract: A material may include a substrate, such as sand, treated with a binder, for securing a layer of hydrating particles thereto. Typical binders may include lignicite, or other naturally occurring materials such as sugars, molasses, corn syrup, gelatin, water, a combination, or the like. Substrates may include natural organic materials or inorganic materials. Various materials can serve as a powdered, polymeric coating. Commonly called acrylamides or polyacrylamides by industrial suppliers, certain polymers have been found to serve well by being comminuted to powder and adhered to the substrate granules.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems and methods for in-situ remediation of soil and groundwater having contaminants such as but not limited to organic compounds perhaps providing adsorption, chemical oxidation, and even biodegradation of contaminants with novel treatments such as but not limited to mixtures of granular activated carbon, calcium peroxide, sodium persulfate, and nitrate perhaps in various concentrations.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns methods and compositions for prevention of soil erosion, soil contamination and increased seed germination for agricultural products. Certain methods relate to coating seeds to withstand drought conditions. Other methods relate to soil compositions containing a biopolymer to withstand drought conditions or to prevent erosion, to control dust or to prevent contaminated soil erosion.

Abstract: Described herein are compounds, compositions, and methods useful for bioremediation of a contamination. In particular, described herein are compositions that include one or methyl esters of a fatty acid and one or more bioremediation reagents, and methods for their use.

Abstract: A subsoil methane collection and treatment system (10), which includes a subsoil distribution layer (13) for receiving methane, a subsoil biofilter layer (14) above the distribution layer which contains a biofilter (18) such as compost to convert the methane to carbon dioxide and water, a subsoil ventilation layer (15) above the biofilter layer, in which the carbon dioxide is diluted with air, and a vent (17) to the atmosphere from the ventilation area for venting the diluted carbon dioxide. The layers may be defined by horizontal arrays of load bearing prefabricated structural modules (1). The system (10) may collect methane from the ground beneath and/or be fed with methane collected from beneath a building (19) adjacent the system.

Abstract: A method for the combined chemical oxidation/assisted bioremediation of contaminated materials, comprising contacting a contaminated material with at least one metal chelate and at least one peroxide compound.

Abstract: A method for providing for the use of underground aquifers for water storage for municipalities or recharge. Water is treated and injected for storage in the aquifer by the addition of a small amount of a sulfide compound to remove dissolved oxygen and prevent dissolution of negative valence sulfur bearing minerals, such as pyrite, in the subsurface. The stored water may be subsequently withdrawn from the aquifer and treated to remove residual amounts of sulfide ions. The withdrawn water being suitable as potable water, irrigation water, industrial use water, and aquifer water level enhancement water.

Abstract: The process of treating elemental mercury within the soil is provided by introducing into the soil a heated vapor phase of elemental sulfur. As the vapor phase of elemental sulfur cools, sulfur is precipitated within the soil and then reacts with any elemental mercury thereby producing a reaction product that is less hazardous than elemental mercury.

Abstract: A method of treating a site containing contaminants and apparatus are described The method and apparatus sparges the site with an air/ozone gas stream delivered with a hydroperoxide, which is a substantial byproduct of a reaction of a contaminant present in the aquifer or soil formation with the ozone.

Abstract: A method of degrading halogenated organic compounds, to use of the method for decontaminating PFOS (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid) and PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) contaminated medium, and a composition such as that which is suitable to be applied in said method.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems and methods for in-situ remediation of soil and groundwater having contaminants such as but not limited to organic compounds perhaps providing adsorption, chemical oxidation, and even biodegradation of contaminants with novel treatments such as but not limited to mixtures of granular activated carbon, calcium peroxide, sodium persulfate, and nitrate perhaps in various concentrations.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a process and plant for the transformation of dangerous wastes containing chromium six as contaminant into non dangerous wastes that can be stored without special care and will be degraded in the environment without time limit. The process basically consists of milling, extracting chromium six in liquid phase and under controlled conditions of stirring, time and temperature, proceeding then, through reduction, to transform the chromium six in chromium three and then precipitating as chromium trioxide, through gasification. The solid resulting from the transformation process can be used as raw material for the manufacturing of firebricks or eventually for the manufacturing of bricks used in the building industry through a process not included in the instant description.

Abstract: By fibrillated cellulose fibrillated in fiber form and humidified as a water permeable polymeric substance of botanical origin and a radioactive-substance-absorbent obtained by mixing with zeolite as a granulated inorganic porous crystal, radioactive substances released and spilled in a accident etc. in a nuclear facility etc. may be efficiently and easily collected and removed at a low cost.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a method of soil remediation or bioremediation 10 generally comprising the steps of: 1. 12, treating contaminated soil with a chemical surfactant in a primary treatment stage; 2. 14, further treating the soil with an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon; 3. 20, implementing final soil remediation processes where necessary until remediation criteria is achieved. The contaminated soil includes organic contaminants including, among other things, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH).