Abstract: An annular built up seal section on a diaphragm used for closing the end of a large tube with the annular built up seal section sized for sealing engagement with the tube end.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of assisting the driving of a pile into soil containing water by electro-osmosis in which electrical direct current is directed through the soil for reducing friction between the pile and the soil allowing the pile to be more easily driven through the soil. An electrically conductive base is connected to the bottom of the pile and an insulated electrical conductor is connected between the d-c power source and the conductive base. A second electrical conductor is connected to the power source and terminates at a position spaced from but in electrical communication through the soil with the base whereby passage of electrical current between the base and the second electrical conductor reduces friction between the pile and the soil. If the pile is electrically conductive, the conductive base is electrically insulated from the pile in order to direct current through the soil adjacent the base.

Abstract: The combination of a pile driving apparatus having a hammer operating mechanism mounted above a downwardly extending pile sleeve having an internal cross-section dimensioned to receive the top of a pile of a first diameter, whereby the apparatus may be guided onto and supported on the top of a pile, with an adaptor fitted within the pile sleeve and having an internal cross-section dimensioned to receive the top of a pile of smaller diameter than said first diameter, said adaptor being fabricated as a unit and the adaptor unit and pile sleeve being interconnected preventing withdrawal of the adaptor unit from the pile sleeve.

Abstract: An apparatus for driving piles into the sea-bottom for the support of a substructure resting on the sea-bottom of a working island to be installed comprises a plurality of support constructions attached to a column. Each support construction is provided with guide passage openings for the piles and the followers. The uppermost support construction consists of an arm which extends transversely of the column, and two semi-circular claw segments secured to the free end of the arm. One of the claw segments is pivotally mounted so that the claw segments can be brought into a closed position in which they define a guide passage opening for the pile or follower.

Abstract: In a method of regulating the supply of driving-medium per stroke cycle to a pile-driving rammer the driving-medium supply per stroke cycle is adjusted for driving piles into the ground in the shortest time in dependence upon the value, measured by at least one scanner, of the result of at least two preceding strokes of the rammer and more in accordance with the driving-medium supply adjusted during the stroke which gave the better result.In order to improve the energy transfer from a diesel hammer upon the pile apart from a basic fuel per combustion cycle at least one substance affecting the combustion velocity is supplied to the Diesel hammer in accordance with the pile-driving operation.