Abstract: A fastening element for operatively connecting masonry units together in a fixed relation. The fastening element comprises a body with a web having opposing surfaces, and a plurality of projections that extend in a generally perpendicular direction therefrom. The projections are spaced apart from each other and configured to engage portions of masonry units therebetween in a constrained relation. The fastening element permits two, three, or four masonry units to be operatively connected together in variety of configurations without the use of mortar.

Abstract: A wall block, system, and method for creating a straight and/or curved wall such that the front and back sides of the wall will have generally the same appearance. The block is asymmetrical and is designed to abut the ends of like blocks that are upright or inverted relative thereto.

Abstract: A retaining wall block system is described. The block system includes blocks of different sizes that are configured to be compatible with each other in the construction of a retaining wall or free-standing wall. Each block has at least three faces which are textured to produce the appearance of natural stone. The faces have varying sizes based on variations in width.

Abstract: A corner block is provided for use in constructing an exterior corner of a retaining wall. The corner block is designed to receive a portion of a retaining member that is used to secure a reinforcement member to blocks that are adjacent to the corner block. The corner block permits construction of a retaining wall having an exterior corner, where the right and left sides of the exterior corner can be reinforced.

Abstract: A retaining wall system for stabilizing an earthen wall. The retaining wall system comprises at least one panel structure, at least one anchor mesh panel, and at least one connecting pin. The panel structure comprising a wall panel and at least one insert. The wall panel defines an exposed face and a rear face. A first portion of the insert is embedded within the wall panel. A second portion of the insert extends from the rear face of the wall panel such that the second portion and the rear face of the wall define at least one lock opening. The anchor mesh panel defines a bearing portion and a bearing bar. The anchor mesh panel is arranged such that the bearing bar engages the second portion of the insert and the bearing portion is arranged adjacent to the rear face. The connecting pin is inserted through the at least one lock opening to inhibit relative movement between the anchor mesh panel and the wall panel when loads are applied to the wall panel.

Abstract: A retaining wall block and a system and method for constructing a retaining wall with multiple blocks laid in successive courses. The system comprises a plurality of building blocks and a flexible anchor grid. Each block has top and bottom surfaces, front and rear surfaces, opposing side surfaces, and a downwardly extending engagement section. The downwardly extending engagement section is configured to be directly connected to a sheet of flexible, pliant anchoring material of the type having plurality of perforations. The sheet of anchoring material is laid over a course of blocks and extended into earth fill behind the wall. The downwardly extending engagement section is also configured to engage and position adjacent courses of blocks relative to each other in a predetermined, setback relation. Preferably, the engagement section has one or more teeth that are arranged in a linear row and which are constructed and arranged to project through apertures in the anchoring grid sheet.

Abstract: Retaining wall blocks and the walls made from such blocks are disclosed, wherein curved landscapes (i.e. curved profiles and sloping embankments) are easily accommodated without the use of mortar. As well, a modular system of blocks and their manufacture are disclosed wherein some blocks are used in vertical orientations and some in horizontal orientations.

Abstract: A stablized retaining wall structure comprising concrete blocks stacked in an array of superimposed rows, and with a stable anchoring assembly being in restraining contact with selected blocks. An access bore extends from the rear surface of the block to the surface of the wall comprising the hollow core. An earthen fill zone is arranged in spaced apart relationship to the rear surface of the wall and clean granular back-fill is interposed between the wall and the earthen fill zone. A keeper device is provided to couple selected wall blocks to the stable anchoring assembly, with the keeper device being configured to be restrainably held within the hollow core. An elongated fastener is coupled to the keeper device, with the fastener extending through the access bore and secured to the stable anchoring assembly.

Abstract: A retaining wall block system having multiple sizes and shapes of blocks with differently dimensioned, interchangeable front and back faces. The blocks are used to construct an irregularly textured wall having a weathered, natural appearance. Multiple channels in the lower face of the block are used to engage pins in pin-receiving apertures to form an attachment system. Horizontal reinforcing members are also used in the channels and vertical reinforcing members are used in cores of adjacent blocks for reinforcing a wall. Reinforcing geosynthetic materials can also be firmly held in a wall by means of the pins or by connectors adapted to fit in the block channels.

Abstract: A form for manufacturing concrete blocks for constructing freestanding walls. The form includes a base and four side panels which are mounted on the base to pivot between a first position for casting a block and a second position for removing a cast block from the form. An insert is secured to the base for forming one end surface on the block and inserts are attached to the side panels for forming sides, top and bottom surfaces of the block. The inserts which form exposed sides of the block are textured to simulate natural stone. The inserts which form the top and bottom of the blocks form an interlocking connection which prevents stacked blocks from moving in a horizontal plane. Optionally, inserts used to form the top surface of blocks which will define the top of the wall may form a trough which is sufficiently deep to receive soil and plants.

Abstract: A retaining wall block is provided. The retaining wall block includes top, bottom, front, back, first side and second side surfaces. A tongue set is provided on the top surface of the block and a groove in the bottom surface of the block. The tongue set includes a rear-facing surface set that includes first and second curved sections. A block form for forming retaining wall blocks is also provided. A face form for placement on the bottom surface of a block form is also provided. A method of molding retaining wall blocks with a form having hinged doors is also provided. A method of using a face form for forming two blocks of reversed front surface ornamentation is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a wall that is easy to construct and is able to utilize the long-term design strength of a geosynthetic reinforcement connection or anchor. In accordance with one or more of the embodiments, the wall comprises a multifaceted rotatable locking bar in contact with one end of a geosynthetic reinforcement; a lower block with an edgeless surface section adjacent a receiving channel which accepts the locking bar and geosynthetic reinforcement; and, an upper block with a receiving channel which also accepts the locking bar and geosynthetic reinforcement. A force applied to an opposite end of the geosynthetic reinforcement is transferred, via the geosynthetic reinforcement, to the locking bar causing the bar to rotate and engage the geosynthetic reinforcement with at least one side of a receiving channel. In this manner, the reinforcement is engaged with the stacked blocks and the stacked blocks are united with the adjacent support or backfill.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for making a trench wall in the ground, in which at least one cutting wheel located on a trench wall cutter is given a rotary movement by a drive, the trench wall cutter is lowered into the ground and soil material below the cutting wheel is stripped and a cut trench made, which is filled with a settable liquid. The stripped soil material is conveyed from the cutting wheel into a rear area of the cut trench, that the stripped soil material in the cut trench is intermixed with the settable liquid and that the stripped soil material is at least partly left in the cut trench for forming the trench wall. The invention also relates to a trench wall cutter and a trench wall cutting device.

Abstract: A retaining wall system and connector therefor. The system can be used with soil reinforcement material. The connector can function to hold the reinforcement material in place in addition to interlocking the blocks together.

Abstract: A construction for environmental protection in respect of water source and earth, including combining water ducts, planting cases, connecting meshes and lower moldboards to form framework for paving the hillsides. The end of the water duct is buried in the soil, whereas the frames can connect with each other and be hammered along with earth anchors into the rock walls for fastening purposes. Frames can be covered by mold panels and padded by moldboards to be fastened to the hillsides before grouting with liquid concrete to form hard walls. In the case of trench walls, hillsides, or any ramp, planting cases containing soil can be used for weeds to grow naturally, in order to prevent mudflow and landslide, create a beautiful greening landscape, and maintain the environment protection, as well as reduce the greenhouse effect.

Abstract: A concrete mixture may be introduced to a mold. A compression head compresses the concrete mixture in the mold and imparts a decorative front face on the block. The motion of the compression head also urges the mixture into a notched region of the mold cavity to form a protrusion on the block.

Abstract: A retaining wall assembly for providing a decorative barrier for flowerbeds and along driveways and sidewalks. The retaining wall assembly includes a base assembly including elongate base members being adapted to be disposed in a ground; and also includes elongate support members being spacedly attached to the elongate base members and extending upwardly therefrom; and further includes wall support members being disposed between the elongate support members; and also includes wall structures being mounted upon the base assembly and to the elongate support members and about the wall support members.

Abstract: A modular retaining watt has tiers of headers which extend into compacted backfill material and tiers of stretchers which extend between headers to form the front face of the wall. Vertical pins, extending between successive headers in each stack of headers, facilitate precise emplacement of headers during construction of the wall. Layers of geosynthetic mesh reinforcement reinforce the load bearing capability of the backfill. Load forces in the backfill are sustained by forward ends of the layers of geosynthetic mesh reinforcement, which extend upward in front of the backfill and then backward into the backfill, instead of being sustained by the stretchers. A sizable space behind the stretchers may be filled with loose topsoil to facilitate growth of landscaping plantings on the face of the wall.

Abstract: Mechanically stabilized retaining wall structures are comprised of a stabilized earth mass connected to a precast concrete panel facing wall. A lengthwise adjustable turnbuckle style connector assembly accommodates horizontal and vertical offsets in the connection points. An array of the connection assemblies comprise a three-dimensional space truss that accomodates wall movement horizontally and vertically with respect to the wall face as well as perpendicular to the wall.

Abstract: A block has a finished surface that provides an attractive appearance. The block is relatively large in size, allowing the quick construction of a wall, such as a retaining wall, using the block. The block includes one or more lift and alignment devices in the block that allow the block to be lifted using a suitable lifting apparatus, such as a crane, forklift, backhoe, etc. The block includes one or more recessed portions in the bottom surface of the block positioned to receive the protruding lift and alignment device of a previously-laid block underneath, thereby helping to align the block with the previously-laid block. The block includes one or more voids that extend from the top surface to the bottom surface of the block, and that align with each other when the blocks are stacked into a wall, thereby allowing fill material to be placed in the voids to strengthen the wall. The preferred embodiments also include a wall system with various different blocks that may be used to build a wall.

Abstract: A mortarless concrete wall system. An insulation panel is connected to a brick by a connector. The insulation panel is spaced inwardly from the brick so as to form a space therebetween that is filled with concrete. The brick includes a plurality of bulbous projections, a first plurality of blind bores, a second plurality of blind bores, and a plurality of alignment pins that are received in the first plurality of blind bores in an associated brick and in the second plurality of blind bores in a brick of a next upper course. The insulation panel has a plurality of dove tail slots for plaster to grip, a dove tail slot, a dove tail projection received in the dove tail slot of an insulation panel in a lower adjacent course. The connector includes a pair of end pieces, a center piece, a pair of intermediate pieces, and an end cap.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wall block for use in a segmental retaining wall system. The wall block comprises an interior face for forming an interior surface of a segmental retaining wall, an exterior face for forming an exterior surface of the segmental retaining wall, first and second sides that extend from the exterior face to the interior face, and a top surface and a bottom surface. Further provided in the wall block is a channel defined by a front wall, a rear wall, and an arcuate bottom surface. The channel extends across one of the faces and surfaces.

Abstract: An erosion control method and apparatus provides multiple concrete bodies for erosion control that each include tubular hollow bore sections. Each section has front and rear openings that communicate with the hollow bore. Each body is an elongated tapered pile-like member. The plurality of the concrete bodies can be installed side by side using a jetting pump that preferably occupies the bore, and with tongue and groove connections interlocking the bodies upon assembly. A plurality of the concrete bodies can be placed side by side to form a bulkhead or breakwater to protect a shoreline, bank, island or the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a retaining wall planter block that is resistant to damage and wear caused by the environment in which it is placed, but also accommodates the growth of desired vegetation. The planter block contains a fill material that is conducive to vegetation growth, and has apertures for the emerging vegetation. The deterioration resistant planter block is generally a hollowed frame or shell of a deterioration resistant material that is light-weight and is configured to accept and retain any type of organic filling material and seeds. The filling material provides weight and stability to the retaining wall planter block and also provides weight, stability and security to a retaining wall constructed of such planter blocks, as well as suitable growth medium for the vegetation.

Abstract: A method of forming a concrete retaining wall block having a front face and an opposed back face in a front fact up position. The method includes inserting a plurality of tines of a horizontal core puller into a plurality of holes in the bottom of a mold such that the a plurality of tines are positioned to form a dovetail slot and chamfers in the back face of a concrete retaining wall block; and pressing and vibrating a semi-dry concrete mix feed into the mold with a head to form a concrete retaining wall block having a relief stamped in its front face and to form the dovetail slot and chamfers its back face. The method allows the dimensions of the concrete retaining wall block to be exact and consistent from cycle to cycle of the method.

Abstract: A block for use in constructing a multiple course retaining wall. The block has a substantially planar top surface, a front surface, wherein said front surface is of a substantially curvilinear shape, a rear surface, opposed side surfaces, and a bottom surface. The bottom surface has a predetermined area and a non-planar portion, with the non-planar portion comprising a continuous area making up at least one-quarter of the bottom surface and creating a cavity between the bottom surface of the block and a top surface of a lower course of blocks when the block is placed on the top surface of the lower course of blocks. The cavity allows dirt and other foreign matter to exist between successive courses of blocks without creating instability between the block and the lower course of blocks.

Abstract: A retaining wall with stacked courses of concrete modules, each module having an upright front wall, two upright lateral walls, and a bottom wall. Each lateral wall has a front edge adjoining the front wall, a back edge spaced from the front edge, and upright ribs extending in-wardly outwardly from the lateral wall. The upright ribs are spaced equally from the front wall. Each lateral wall also has a provision for receiving a batten which, if pulled backwardly, bears against the upright ribs. A geogrid is anchored to the modules by the batten.

Abstract: A retaining-wall block has a set of liquid impervious walls defining a completely bounded cavity having a sealable opening for filling the cavity with a fill material to add weight, and a seal element for sealing the sealable opening. In some cases the block has a second cavity with openings for collecting liquid and for passing collected liquid out of the second cavity to adjacent blocks in an assembly.

Abstract: A retaining wall anchoring system for a segmental retaining wall comprising a plurality of tieback rods adapted to be embedded into soil or rock with a proximal portion extending therefrom, at least one elongated force distribution member positionable directly adjacent the proximal portion of at least one of the tieback rods, a washer positionable about the proximal portions of the tieback rod in abutment with the force distribution member, and a fastener fixedly securable to the proximal portion of the tieback rod to securely clamp the washer against the force distribution member such that tensile forces imposed on the tieback rod are transmitted to the force distribution member so as to distribute these forces throughout a portion of the retaining wall.

Abstract: A wall block for use in a segmental retaining wall system. The wall block comprises an interior face for forming an interior surface of a segmental retaining wall, an exterior face for forming an exterior surface of the segmental retaining wall, first and second sides that extend from the exterior face to the interior face, and a top surface and a bottom surface. Further provided in the wall block is a channel defined by a front wall, a rear wall, and an arcuate bottom surface. The channel extends across one of the faces and surfaces.

Abstract: A modular wall or fence construction system includes at least first and second I-profile blocks, each having an I-shape in planform. The I-shape defines a parallel pair of flanges across opposite ends of a web extending between the flanges. The I-profile blocks have generally planar and parallel upper and lower surfaces and a uniform vertical height. Each of the flanges of the first and second I-profile blocks have radiused rib keys formed in opposite parallel edges of the flanges. The edges are distal on the flanges relative to the web. A first pair of the radiused rib keys are a pair of convex rails along the parallel edges on a first side of the web. A second pair of the radiused rib keys are a pair of concave channels along the parallel edges on a second side of the web opposite the first side of the web. Each flange has oppositely disposed, on opposite edges, one convex rail and one concave channel.

Abstract: An integral concrete body for erosion control includes three separate sections of differing configuration. The sections include a lower tapered section that is in the form of an elongated tapered pile-like member. The upper section of the concrete body is generally rectangular. A transitional section that is also tapered forms a connection between the upper and lower portions of the concrete body. The plurality of the concrete bodies can be installed side by side with tongue and groove connections interlocking the bodies upon assembly. A plurality of the concrete bodies can be placed side by side to form a bulkhead or breakwater. In one embodiment, each concrete body can be comprised of separate connectable members. Anchors can be used to support the concrete bodies laterally, to prevent tilting or tipping when exposed to erosion, wind, or wave action.

Abstract: A sectional headwall (10) for a drain pipe (72) includes a unitary base member (12), a unitary sectional member (14) positioned on top of the base member (12), and a unitary lid member (16) positioned on top of the sectional member (14). The unitary base member (12) includes two longitudinally extending walls (42, 44) and two end walls (46). The base member (12) further includes a sleeve (48) extending between and connecting the longitudinal walls (42, 44). The sleeve (48) defines an aperture (50) extending through the longitudinal walls (42, 44) for receiving a drain pipe (72). A drain pipe adapter (80) may be inserted into the aperture (50) to accommodate different sized drain pipes (72).

Abstract: Retaining walls are formed from one or more tiers of concrete blocks. Top projections on all except the uppermost tier of blocks are received in recesses in the bottom of blocks in an adjacent upper tier. The top of the retaining wall may be finished with blocks which have a surface portion recessed below an upper edge of the face of the block for extending top soil or other material up to the block face. Alternately, the top blocks may form a drainage ditch which extends along at least a portion of the top of the retaining wall. Blocks used in tiers below the uppermost tier may have troughs suitable for filling with soil and plants. The exposed faces of the blocks are textured and, optionally, may be colored to simulate the appearance of stone or rocks.

Abstract: Connectors for use in a retaining wall and a retaining wall having grooved blocks configured to receive the connector. Connectors can be used in various orientations within the grooves of the blocks. In a retaining wall, a flexible geosynthetic material fits into a channel of a channel connector, and is held in place by an elongate bar. The connector prevents abrasion of geosynthetic material. The connector can also be a plurality of spaced-apart projections for use with an apertured, relatively rigid geogrid. The connectors hold geogrid firmly in place, providing for increased connection capacity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and method for constructing a pre-stressed modular construction for supporting or retaining an applied load. In particular, the present invention relates to a system and method for pre-stressed modular retaining walls. The system comprises a plurality of header stacks constructed from a variety of header units. The header stacks are coupled by structural members. Active reinforcement elements are used to induce a pre-stressing force into the header stacks to support or retain the applied load. A method for constructing the modular construction is provided.

Abstract: A retaining wall block system is described. The block system includes blocks of different sizes that are configured to be compatible with each other in the construction of a retaining wall or free-standing wall. Each block has at least three faces which are textured to produce the appearance of natural stone. The faces have varying sizes based on variations in width.

Abstract: A modular retaining watt has tiers of headers which extend into compacted backfill material and tiers of stretchers which extend between headers to form the front face of the wall. Vertical pins, extending between successive headers in each stack of headers, facilitate precise emplacement of headers during construction of the wall. Layers of geosynthetic mesh reinforcement reinforce the load bearing capability of the backfill. Load forces in the backfill are sustained by forward ends of the layers of geosynthetic mesh reinforcement, which extend upward in front of the backfill and then backward into the backfill, instead of being sustained by the stretchers. A sizable space behind the stretchers may be filled with loose topsoil to facilitate growth of landscaping plantings on the face of the wall.

Abstract: For abating noise along a highway, along a railway, or along another noise-generating way, a wall having an anterior face and a posterior face comprises, across each face, concrete modules stacked in an upper tier, at least one intermediate tier, and a lower tier. Each module is plantable and has a batten. Across each face, the modules are spaced laterally from one another in courses, one course in each tier, so that modules of each course straddle modules of the next course above or below said course. In each of alternate ones of the tiers, a geogrid strip is deployed around the battens of the modules along the anterior face and around the battens of the modules along the posterior face, in a zig-zag pattern, so as to tie the modules along the anterior face to the modules along the posterior face.

Abstract: The invention is a composite masonry block having a front surface and a back surface which are adjoined by first and second side surfaces, as well as a top surface and a bottom surface. Each of the side surfaces has an inset extending from the block top surface to the block bottom surface. The block top surface has one or more protrusions positioned adjacent the first and second insets on the block top surface. The block also has a protrusion which has an angled side wall, the angle being at least about 20° from vertical. The protrusion is positioned on the block so that it will mate with any opening of an adjacently positioned course. In use, the blocks may be stacked to provide an interlocking structure wherein the protrusions of one block interfit or mate within the insets of another block.

Abstract: A connection for securing a geogrid fabric to between two tiers of concrete blocks which are stacked to form an earth retaining wall. A groove is formed in the top of each block in the lower tier to extend across the width of each block substantially parallel to the face of the block. The fabric is positioned to extend from the rear of the block over the groove and a first rod is positioned in the groove over the fabric. The fabric is folded to wrap around the first rod to extend past the groove towards the rear of the block and a second rod is positioned in the groove over the fabric to the rear of the first rod. When an upper tier of blocks is stacked on the lower tier, the rods and fabric are locked into the groove in the lower blocks.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of building and is applicable to retaining walls. The reinforcing element is characterized in that it consists in connecting the back face of the facing to the strong zone by means of a plurality of reinforcing elements (5) disposed substantially horizontally in superposed planes, and in selecting said elements in such a manner that each of them comprises an anchoring portion that is included in the strong zone and that is constituted by a mesh comprising more than two longitudinal bars, of which only some extend as far as the facing to define a portion that works in traction, which portion has an attachment part for connection to the facing at its end remote from the anchoring portion.

Abstract: A support post for use in the construction of a retaining wall comprises a single, rigid plate member, the bottom portion of which is pointed so that the plate member can be readily driven into the ground a distance sufficient to ensure minimal movement of the plate member. The upper portion of the plate member has at least one aperture (and preferably several pairs of apertures) in it, through which a bolt, screw or nail may be passed to hold a wall member (for example, a plank) firmly against the plate member. If the plate member is roll formed from steel sheet, it will normally have ridges or folds to improve its stiffness. A spike may extend below the plate member, and a rod may extend upwardly from the top of the plate member and be fitted with a support for a wire, cable, hose or a fence post. A support post for use at corners of a retaining wall has two half-plate members welded to a steel rod with an included angle of up to 90°.

Abstract: A retaining wall anchoring system for a segmental retaining wall comprising a plurality of tieback rods adapted to be embedded into soil or rock with a proximal portion extending therefrom, at least one elongated force distribution member positionable directly adjacent the proximal portion of at least one of the tieback rods, a washer positionable about the proximal portions of the tieback rod in abutment with the force distribution member, and a fastener fixedly securable to the proximal portion of the tieback rod to securely clamp the washer against the force distribution member such that tensile forces imposed on the tieback rod are transmitted to the force distribution member so as to distribute these forces throughout a portion of the retaining wall.

Abstract: An interlocking segmental retaining wall. The wall includes a plurality of blocks stacked upon each other. Each block includes a void filled with aggregate. In addition, each block includes an extension and slot for interlocking the blocks together to form the retaining wall. Each block also includes a plurality of lugs and an indentation for aligning and stacking the blocks on each other. The blocks may also be stacked to form a curved retaining wall. In an alternate embodiment, the blocks may have tabs located on an upper portion of each block. Each block is laterally positioned by centering the block upon the top of two lower block.

Abstract: A retaining wall comprising a series of differently sized, pre-formed horizontal and vertical blocks. Each block includes a projection and a recess, with the projection and recess arranged and configured so that each projection effectively engages a recess in an adjacent course to operatively connect adjacent courses together. The horizontal, blocks are formed in incremental thicknesses and may be stacked in various combinations equivalent to the height of the vertical, blocks. The location of the abutment member relative to the block may be varied to enable adjacent courses to be coplanar or tiered in a variety of predetermined offset distances.

Abstract: The invention is a composite masonry block having a front surface and a back surface which are adjoined by first and second side surfaces, as well as a top surface and a bottom surface. Each of the side surfaces has an inset extending from the block top surface to the block bottom surface. The block top surface has one or more protrusions positioned adjacent the first and second insets on the block top surface. The block also has a protrusion which has an angled side wall, the angle being at least about 20° from vertical. The protrusion is positioned on the block so that it will mate with any opening of an adjacently positioned course. In use, the blocks may be stacked to provide an interlocking structure wherein the protrusions of one block interfit or mate within the insets of another block.

Abstract: A retaining wall block system is described. The block system includes blocks of different sizes that are configured to be compatible with each other in the construction of a retaining wall or free-standing wall. Each block has at least three faces which are textured to produce the appearance of natural stone. The faces have varying sizes based on variations in width.

Abstract: A masonry block that is produced from a workpiece that is split in a block splitting assembly which uses engagement surfaces that are enhanced with, for example, alternating ridges and valleys, preferably in combination with workpiece-engaging projections, to supplement or replace the action of the splitting blade in splitting and dressing the workpiece.

Abstract: A modular wall block is adapted for being assembled together with a number of like blocks in stacked courses to form a retaining wall. The wall block includes a front and rear, top and bottom, and opposing sides. A generally J-shaped anchor has a connecting end and an anchoring end integrally joined by a setback spacer. The connecting end is adapted for being inserted into the wall block to secure the anchor to the block. The anchoring end extends outwardly from one of the top and bottom of the wall block to engage one of the number of like blocks in an upper or lower course. The spacer locates the anchoring end a spaced distance from the rear of the block. The anchor secures the block in the retaining wall at a predetermined setback relative to like blocks in the upper or lower course.