Abstract: A protective device having a shell structure and being shaped from a plate-shaped material, in particular but not exclusively, adapted for covering of a sub sea structure, such as at least one pipe line (21, 22), a Christmas tree or parts of such constructions. The protective device is designed as a downward open and upwards closed convex container or channel, comprising a substantially plane roof plate (5), e.g., two substantially plane and inclined side walls (3, 4) which may end in an individual foot plate (1, 2). The protective device or parts thereof is (are) designed with a shallow wave structure or with a weakly corrugated structure, the waves having a wave length (1) above 2.5 times the wave-height (h), and where the wave height does not exceed 10 times the thickness (d) of the plate-shaped material. As examples of usages the following may be mentioned: protection of constructions on land, lining of tunnels, building materials and modules for offshore living quarters.

Abstract: An irrigation ditch liner system comprises a plurality of liner sections including at least one straight conduit section and one corrugated conduit section, each conduit having a semi-cylindrical body portion defining a conduit interior diameter, vertical walls extending from the semi-cylindrical body portion, and end sections having extending end flanges with an interior diameter greater than said conduit interior diameter. A connecting joint is provided with an outer wall and an inner wall, the inner wall having a interior diameter the same as the conduit interior diameter, where the outer wall of the connecting joint further defines a depending lip that captures the end flanges between the inner wall and the outer wall of the connecting joint.

Abstract: A first molded polymer field drain panel is made from a moldable polymer sheet material and has an elongated chamber with an arched-shape, a first end, a second end and transverse strengthening ribs protruding outwardly therebetween. The elongated chamber has a smaller transverse strengthening end rib, a transverse strengthening end rib and a smaller transverse strengthening intermediate rib. The smaller transverse strengthening end rib is molded at the first end shaped for being embracingly overlapped by a corresponding transverse strengthening end rib of a corresponding elongated chamber of a second molded polymer field drain panel. The transverse strengthening end rib is molded at the second end for overlapping a corresponding smaller transverse strengthening end rib of the corresponding elongated chamber of the second molded polymer field drain panel.

Abstract: A drainfield pipe having a rib radially extending from its wall is supported by a device which includes a pair of elongated anchor members generally parallel to each other and separated for receiving the drainfield pipe therebetween and suspending the pipe from its rib. The elongated anchor members penetrate a grade surface for holding the anchor members upright while supporting the pipe rib within a clamp above the grade surface. The clamp is attached to the anchor member upper portion and holds the rib between clamp jaws. Installing drainfield pipe by supporting the pipe from the radially extending rib permits the pipe to be held at desired positions for introduction of aggregate into an absorption area containing the drainfield pipe without displacing the connected pipe their desired location. With the rib positioned upward and away from the drainfield surface, the support devices holding the pipe are removed after aggregate is placed within the drainfield and around the pipe without displacing the pipe.

Abstract: An underdrain pipe has a pipe wall in which wall portions rectangular in section and wall portions circular in section are disposed alternately in a longitudinal direction of the pipe, in which a number of water collecting small holes are formed in portions of the pipe wall, and in which the whole of the pipe wall is formed of material of synthetic resin or rubber.

Abstract: A device/apparatus for using a multilayer fabric of varying deniers for the processing and treatment of fluids which must be treated to remove materials so that the resultant treated fluid may be reused and/or returned to the earth and particularly to the water table. More particularly the multilayer fabric, each layer being of selected denier, is used in combination with conduit in a drainage field or leaching system usually associated with a septic tank or septic system. Most particularly the multilayer fabric of varying deniers is wrapped around corrugated plastic pipe of the type well known in the field of drainage or leaching fields. At least one of the multilayer fabric layers is formed from an unstructured assemblage of fibers. The unstructured assemblage of fibers are supported by an outer sheeting.

Abstract: A subsurface fluid distribution system for sewage effluent and irrigation water utilizes one or more arrays of serially connected leaching chambers. Each leaching chamber is a double-walled construction of arch-shaped cross section with an open bottom and closed ends. A plurality of vertically off-set openings are formed in the inner and outer walls, with the inner openings located at a higher liquid level than the outer openings to prevent clogging of the leaching chambers by either sand or root growth. The leaching chambers are connected to one another to permit fluid communication between adjacent chambers, and are installed below ground in shallow trenches that are backfilled with sand and then topped with top soil. The sewage effluent or irrigation water flows through the array of leaching chambers in an unpressurized flow.

Abstract: In a system for dispersing stormwaters beneath the earth surface, a pair of arch shaped corrugated molded plastic chambers lie parallel each to the other upon a bed of gravel and are covered with soil. A bridge cover spans the space between the sidewalls of the adjacent chambers, to keep soil above from entering. Abutting base flanges establish the chamber spacing which fits the bridge cover and also protect the gravel at the bottom of the space from erosion. Stormwater is delivered to the space, to then flow through sidewall perforations into the chambers' interiors where it is stored and gradually dispersed into the earth. Debris settles in the pocket at the bottom of the space and is removed by a perforated pipe lying in the space. Chambers have high aspect ratios, of 0.8 to 1 or more, and steep sidewall angles, of less than 15 degrees.

Abstract: A drainfield pipe having a rib radially extending from its wall is supported by a device which includes a pair of elongated anchor members generally parallel to each other and separated for receiving the drainfield pipe therebetween and suspending the pipe from its rib. The elongated anchor members penetrate a grade surface for holding the anchor members upright while supporting the pipe rib within a clamp above the grade surface. The clamp is attached to the anchor member upper portion and holds the rib between clamp jaws. Installing drainfield pipe by supporting the pipe from the radially extending rib permits the pipe to be held at desired positions for introduction of aggregate into an absorption area containing the drainfield pipe without displacing the connected pipe their desired location. With the rib positioned upward and away from the drainfield surface, the support devices holding the pipe are removed after aggregate is placed within the drainfield and around the pipe without displacing the pipe.

Abstract: A prefabricated composite vertical earth drain which has an elongated corrugated flexible plastic core sheet with horizontal corrugations that provide continuous longitudinally extending drain channels. Desired longitudinally extending surfaces of these drain channels are provided with a series of closely spaced reliefs for inhibiting tendencies of the core to horizontally bend and fold or collapse, thereby pinching off the vertical drain channels.

Abstract: A leaching system (10) includes arched leaching chamber sections (12) and an angled adapter (18) connected adjacent chamber sections at a 22.5.degree. angle. The adapter includes a first portion (122) having sidewalls (140, 142) spanned by a vaulted portion (144) and a female end collar (126). A second end portion (124) has sidewalls (140, 142) spanned by a vaulted portion (144) and a male end collar (130). The first and second end portions are connected at an arched, vertical ridge (136). The adapter connects the leaching chamber sections in a nonlinear configuration to curve the leaching system to follow contours and avoid obstacles.

Abstract: A leaching chamber for gathering and dispersing liquids in soil has an end with an angled terminus, so that chambers may be connected as a string in a rough curve. An angled chamber end is severable from the chamber at an indicant, to convert the chamber to one having a different angled end, e.g., a square end. Intentional looseness of fit at the joint enables further angular adjustment. Thus, a combination of chambers with original and severed ends, having a basic 6 degree end angle and 3 degree of looseness, can form a chamber string where the alignment angles between adjacent chamber axes range from minus 3 to plus 9 degrees. Such leaching chamber strings may be installed in practically level trenches which follow the contour of a hillside.

Abstract: A leaching chamber (10) includes first and second side walls (46) which have louver sections. The side walls are connected by vaulted portion (48) to define a chamber potion (12) terminating at a first end (16) and a second end (18). Male and female coupling collars (20, 30) are integrally connected with corrugation peaks at the first and second ends. An intermediate peak or structure (70) has a first portion (72) with a profile of the male coupling collar and a second portion (74) with a profile of the female coupling collar upon cutting between the two portions, two subchambers (12', 12") are formed each having a female coupling collar at one end and a male coupling collar at the other. An inlet end cap (14) is telescopically connected to the female coupling collar (30). The inlet end cap (14) has a sleeve (102) to receive a conduit carrying effluent and a diffuser (104) to diffuse the received effluent. The diffuser includes a sloping surface with diverging ribs (106).

Abstract: A molded plastic leaching chamber, for dispersing or collecting liquids in soil, has a corrugated arch shape. The sidewall of the chamber is comprised of alternating slot-perforated peaks and valleys connected by slot-perforated deep webs. The unit surface length of perforated sidewall is greater than the unit length of chamber. A combination of interrelated dimensions and angles provide high leaching capacity, strength, and capability to nest for shipment. The sidewall is reinforced by vertically running ribs; the perforated web is reinforced by zig-zag struts. Ribs and struts are shaped and positioned to minimize blockage of the slot openings.

Abstract: A leaching chamber for burial in the ground includes non-symmetrical corrugations extending laterally across the leaching chamber. Each corrugation has a ridge and a shoulder with the ridge being higher than the shoulder and sloping down from the ridge to the shoulder. Additionally, the ridge of each corrugation is also wider than the shoulder. The corrugations are oriented relative to each other such that the ridge of each corrugation is adjacent to the shoulder of an adjoining corrugation. Identical chambers are joined by mating flanges, each flange including a series of flange members alternating about a common reference curve, which defines a matable surface of each flange member.

Abstract: A leaching chamber for burial in the ground includes non-symmetrical corrugations extending laterally across the leaching chamber. Each corrugation has a ridge and a shoulder with the ridge being higher than the shoulder and sloping down from the ridge to the shoulder. Additionally, the ridge of each corrugation is also wider than the shoulder. The corrugations are oriented relative to each other such that the ridge of each corrugation is adjacent to the shoulder of an adjoining corrugation.

Abstract: A conduit for dispersing or gathering liquids in the earth has an arch shape cross section and alternating peak and valley corrugations along its length, with cantilever legs extending from one end to interact with the mating portion of a like conduit. The legs, along with a shiplap joint having flange discontinuities for manufacturability, provide a superior rigid joint when the conduits are mated and buried beneath the earth and subjected to vertical loads.

Abstract: A conduit for dispersing or gathering liquids in the earth has an arch shape cross section and alternating peak and valley corrugations along its length. At one end of the conduit is a sub-arch for receiving a pipe. In one embodiment there is a discontinuous valley by the sub-arch and a continuous web on the peak corrugation near the sub-arch in combination with cantilevered legs. In another embodiment the web is discontinuous while the valley is continuous in the region of the sub-arch. Both essential constructions provide a strong joint when conduits are mated to each other and are buried in the earth and subjected to a load.

Abstract: In septic systems for handling household waste water or in clear water drainage applications, lightweight molded polyethylene galleries are used to form the drain field. The galleries can be axially aligned in end-to-end relationship with each gallery defining an interior hollow chamber. A unique latching system is used to attach adjoining galleries to one another. A perforated delivery conduit extends through and introduces effluent into the hollow chambers of the galleries where it is allowed to seep therefrom into the surrounding earth through the open bottoms of the galleries or through infiltration apertures in the walls of the galleries.

Abstract: A panel, and method of making the panel, useful as a water barrier including an intermediate layer of a water-swellable colloidal clay, such as bentonite, sandwiched between two layers of sheet material, such as paperboard, wherein at least one of the sheet material layers has a plurality of spaced apertures, or water channels, extending from the exterior of the panel to the intermediate water-swellable clay layer. The sheet material layer containing water channels includes a coating of a removablel material completely across the water channels in the facing sheet having controlled, predetermined water-solubility so that the intermediate water-swellable clay layer is quickly hydrated after solubilization and removal of the coating material, and to prevent clay hydration during installation, prior to removal of the coating material.

Abstract: A flexible or rigid panel, and method of making the panel, useful as a water barrier including an intermediate layer of a water-swellable colloidal clay, such as pentonite, sandwiched between two layers of sheet material, such as woven or non-woven fabric, or paperboard, wherein at least one one of the sheet material layers has a water-soluble coating material covering substantially the entire outer surface of the sheet material layer. The water-soluble coating is a material that dissolves upon a predetermined water contact period, having a controlled, predetermined water-solubility so that the intermediate water-swellable clay layer is protected against hydration during installation.

Abstract: A conduit for dispersing or gathering liquids in the earth has an arch shape cross section and alternating peak and valley corrugations along its length. A more rigid shiplap joint is formed between mating conduits by means of cantilever legs extending from the end of a conduit, forming a female pocket like space for the mating unit, and by having a continuous web on the peak corrugation adjacent the end. A sub-arch at the top of an overlapped valley end, to enable connection of a pipe to the conduit, is spaced apart from the web of the adjacent peak corrugation; there are multiple legs on either side of the sub-arch, with the sub-arch connected by webs to the adjacent legs, and by other webs to the peak corrugation.

Abstract: A drainage tube includes alternating annular peaks and annular valleys on an exterior wall of the tube. An interior wall of the tube is smooth and continuous along its length. The combined exterior wall and interior wall form an elongated tube. In alternating, selected valleys of the exterior wall of the tube are arranged a plurality of slots extending transverse to a longitudinal axis of the tube so that water can drain into the tube through the slots. These plurality of openings extend through the smooth interior wall of the tube to the interior space of the tube. In addition, each of the annular peaks on the exterior wall of the tube includes a recessed groove. At the base of each of these grooves are located a plurality of circular openings having a smaller diameter on the exterior of the tube, increasing in diameter towards the interior of the tube.

Abstract: A partial-seepage drainage pipe includes a wall surface of circular profile which is corrugated over the majority of the pipe circumference. Adjoining the circular wall surface is a base having a bottom surface and side wall segments. The pipe has a mating sleeve molded on in one piece at one end, which is adapted to receive the free end of a corrugated pipe segment and has slit-like water seepage openings in the corrugated wall surface.In order to attain a tight mating-sleeve connection, the bottom surface of the base and the corresponding bottom surface of the mating sleeve are embodied such that they arch in a slightly convex fashion.

Abstract: A hydraulic structure is provided in the form of a flexible, flat, corrugated plastic tube having a relatively oblongated cross-section, with apertures associated with the grooves of the corrugation. The tube is enclosed in a geotextile sheath. The two relatively flat sides or panels of the tube are separated from each other by a plurality of pairs of cuspations, which project inwardly from the panel surface. Cuspations from the opposing panels are secured to one another thereby providing increased structural integrity.

Abstract: In a septic system for handling household waste water, used vehicle tires are employed to form the septic tank and the leaching galleries. Vehicle tires sealed to one another and in combination with end caps provide a watertight and lighttight enclosure in the septic tank. An inlet conduit permits the influx of sewage into the enclosure while an outlet conduit allows egress of effluent from the enclosure via hydrostatic pressure. The drain field used with the system and also useful for other purpose has tires axially aligned forming an array with each tire defining an interior hollow chamber. A delivery conduit leading from the outlet conduit of the septic tank introduces effluent into the hollow chambers of the vehicle tires where it is allowed to seep therefrom into the surrounding earth through apertures in the walls of the tires. The tires in the drain field can be horizontally aligned or can be in a vertical stacking arrangement similar to the arrangement found in the septic tank.

Abstract: A thermoplastic device for leaching sewage system effluent into the earth has the shape of an inverted trough. Its sidewalls have slot shaped perforations; above each slot is a lip; beneath each slot is one or more protuberances, preferably rectanguloid in shape. The combination of lips and protuberances prevent compaction of the earth against the sidewalls when the devices are buried without the use of stone fill. They permit the formation of a good biocrust layer and facilitate the exfiltration of liquid into the earth.

Abstract: An underground drain pipe having an improved soil pressure resisting strength. A main portion of the pipe is constituted by a generally U-shaped strengthening member. The strengthening member is wound in a spiral with the open sides thereof directed inwardly. The strengthening member has flange webs projecting longitudinally from the inward edges thereof. A flat band having holes formed therein is wound around the strengthening member along the gap. The flat band has a plurality of small holes formed therein restricted to the area of the gap. If desired, the interior portions of the strengthening member can be sealed with a second band attached to the opposite side of the flange webs from the band having the holes formed therein.

Abstract: The conduit includes a top wall (A) and a base (B). The top wall A has an apex area (10) which is connected with a first corrugated side wall (12) and a second corrugated side wall (32). The side walls having alternating peaks (22, 42) and valleys (24, 44). The peaks have apex ends (26, 46) which are disposed closely adjacent each other at the apex area to define a hinge region therebetween. Disposed along the apex area and on the side wall peaks are a plurality of outward projecting dimples (70, 72, 74) which are severable by a tangentially disposed knife blade to form a plurality of apertures (50, 52, 54). The base B is a flexible sheet of plastic mesh material.

Abstract: The drainage device includes a stiff plastic core having rigid raised portions and valleys therebetween is oriented vertically and tangentially to a drain pipe which has axially spaced raised annular portions contacting the core and annular recesses with slots to provide passageways for ground water into the pipe. A permeable plastic membrane is warpped around the core and the pipe to prevent fill from filling the passageways so defined.

Abstract: A corrugated metal open top pipe drain for the collection and removal of surface water from paved areas, such as highways, parking lots, airports and the like.

Abstract: A foldable conduit has a generally parabolic arched portion and a flat base. The arched portion comprises a pair of corrugated side walls which are connected with a hinge. The corrugations comprise alternating peak portions and valley portions. Each peak portion comprises a pair of generally vertical corrugation walls and a top wall connected with the corrugation walls. The top wall has a pair of ribs, each adjacent one of the pair of corrugation walls. Between the ribs is a recessed area. The ribs and recessed area are arcuate and generally undulating in cross section. The valley portion comprises an arcuate valley wall connected with the corrugation walls of adjacent peak portions. The flat base is a flexible sheet which may be perforated to permit fluid ingress and egress. The hinge and flexible base allow the side walls to be folded together with the base folded in between for more compact shipment.

Abstract: Disclosed is a foldable arched conduit suitable for use as drain tubing, culverts and the like. The conduit has the cross section of a parabolic arch with a flat base. The arched portion of the conduit comprises a pair of rigid corrugated plastic walls jointed at the apex area by a hinge. The base is constructed from a flexible sheet material which may contain apertures for liquid ingress and egress. For shipment, the rigid walls are folded inward about the hinge with the flexible sheet being folded between the rigid walls in order to present a generally flat configuration. After folding, the conduit may be conveniently rolled or length placed in parallel stacks for reducing the storage and/or shipping space required. At installation, the conduit may be unrolled along the installation site and then caused to expand into its unfolded shape.

Abstract: A tubewell screen filter includes a core tube with apertures distributed along its length and a support structure which provides distributed support for a fine mesh filter screen with an open area of at least 12%. The support structure has helical channels which conduct water and sediment from the fine mesh filter screen to the apertures in the core tube. The filter may be of any desired length.

Abstract: An underdrainage pipe comprises a liquid-collecting pipe, protrusions on the liquid-collecting pipe, a filter layer around the liquid-collecting pipe and a liquid-conducting way, and the protrusions having at least one recess for each and the bottom portion of the recess not reaching the surface of the liquid-collecting pipe.

Abstract: A pipe for underdrainage comprises (1) a liquid-collecting pipe; (2) a plurality of discontinuous protrusions on the outer surface of the liquid-collecting pipe; (3) a filter layer capable of passing liquid while substantially excluding solids, the filter layer being disposed around the liquid-collecting pipe and contacting the top portions of the protrusions; and (4) a liquid-conducting way composed of a space communicating both in the longitudinal direction and in the peripheral direction of the liquid collecting pipe and defined by the protrusions, the outer surface of the liquid-collecting pipe and the inner surface of the filter layer.

Abstract: A thermoplastic corrugated drainage tube comprising annular peaks and valleys and a plurality of drainage openings internally cut about the circumference of each valley, the openings in each valley aligned with the openings in successive valleys along helical lines described by said openings. The method of forming the drainage openings comprises placing a cutting tool in the interior of the tubing and rotating the tool while moving the tubing axially past the tool. The cutting tool comprises a body having a plurality of radially projecting cutters spaced equidistantly about the cutter body and means for rotating the tool.

Abstract: A corrugated plastic drainage pipe in which drainage holes are formed through raised reinforcing formations on the corrugated pipe periphery and in which each of the reinforcing formations is integrally joined to adjacently disposed ridges or ribs of the corrugations and protrude from the valley therebetween to bridge the valley. Each reinforcing formation terminates in an end face which peripherally surrounds the drainage hole through the reinforcing formation and which is adapted to seat against surrounding soil or other material in a buried installation. Support feet formations are integrally formed with the corrugated pipe and are adapted to seat on a pipe-supporting surface to support the pipe.

Abstract: A drain pipe of corrugated form comprising corrugations of uniform inner diameter having axially in line alternating drain holes and outward protrusions in the corrugation troughs. The drain holes are cut by a stationary knife which engages the troughs of normally formed corrugations but which are set below the level of the protrusions, thus cutting a drain hole only in alternate corrugations. Preferably drain holes and protrusions are also staggered about the circumference of each corrugation trough.