Abstract: The length of a drilling cycle in a bowling ball fitting and drilling method is reduced in an apparatus including a fitting apparatus (10) usable by a bowler to determine the size of a thumb hole and at least one finger hole to be drilled in a bowling ball and including a drilling apparatus (14) having a ball support (22), a rotatable drilling tool (30) movable relative thereto and a drive (36) for the drilling tool (30). A dove tail slide connection (50), (52) provides for moving the drilling tool (30) in an orbital path and an adjustment mechanism (56), (58), (60), (62), (70), (84) is provided whereby the diameter of the orbital path may be varied to vary the diameter of a hole drilled in the ball. A control motor (122) is responsive to the fitting apparatus (10) to operate the adjusting mechanism (56), (58), (60), (62), (70), (84). The control motor 122 is carried by the drive (36) and thus, may be adjusted "on the fly".

Abstract: Delays in fitting and drilling bowling balls are eliminated in a point of sale bowling ball fitting and drilling apparatus. A fitting apparatus (30) includes two movable finger blocks (34), (36) and a thumb aperture (38). Through the use of inserts taken from a group of inserts (150), the fitting apparatus (30) may be utilized to generate control signals to a drilling apparatus (46). A ball (204) may be positioned within the drilling apparatus (46) and insert receiving holes drilled therein in response to the information received by the drilling apparatus (46) from the fitting apparatus (30).

Abstract: A femoral nail which can be implanted in a bone has a transverse hole, and an arrangement is provided for generating a magnetic field which has a maximum strength along an axis of the transverse hole and which decreases in strength in directions radially away from the axis. A drill guide for axially aligning a drill with the transverse hole has an axial drill opening through it, and first and second sensor arrangements are provided at axially spaced locations on the drill guide and each have a plurality of sensors which are at angularly spaced locations and are spaced radially from the opening through the drill guide. An arrangement responsive to the first and second sensor arrangements detects a deviation of the drill opening in the drill guide from coaxial alignment with the axis of the hole in the member, and provides an operator perceptible indication of a radial direction from the drill opening to the axis.

Abstract: A system is provided for drilling through contiguous first and second plate members so as to avoid the formation of burrs at their interface. Using a jig, the plate members are held together at distant locations while assuming a desired mutual orientation in a longitudinally extending upright plane. Loosely suspended from a frame manually movable along the length of the jig, a horseshoe shaped yoke is positioned in a laterally extending upright plane and has a pair of depending legs straddling and adjacent to their associated plate members to be drilled. A hole finding pin on a first leg is manually inserted into a pilot bore provided in the first plate member. Thereupon, opposed clamps on the depending legs firmly engage the plate members in the region of the pilot bore. From the side of the second plate member, enlarged sized bores are drilled through the plate members axially aligned with the pilot bore.

Abstract: A system and method for optimizing drill coordinates in a multi-layer printed circuit board, to correct for interlayer shift during lamination. A set of test patterns, in the form of a cross formed by two orthogonal conductor lines, are defined at each corner of each layer in the same nominal location. Under ideal conditions, the test patterns of the layers in each corner are lined up one above the other, without any offset. A counter sinking tool is used to cut a conical bore in the location of the test patterns, so that every test pattern cross is interrupted in four places, generating a four segment pattern in each layer. A high resolution camera is placed above the countersunk bore to form a single image of the exposed segment edges of all the test patterns exposed by the bore. The image is analyzed to determine the amount of shift of each layer. If all patterns are perfectly concentric, all crosses are perfectly aligned.

Abstract: Disclosed is a drilling apparatus intended to obtain an image of a drilling mark for detecting the center of the drilling mark, irrespective of the material of a work (transparent material or nontransparent material).

Abstract: An apparatus for adjusting the positioning of a locating ring upon a drill bit. The apparatus comprises a housing having a drill seat attached thereto for slidably receiving the shank portion of the drill bit. The apparatus further comprises an adjustment mechanism which is attached to the housing for positioning the cutting tip of the drill bit at a desired separation distance from the drill seat. Also included is a reciprocal ram assembly attached to the housing for selectively bumping the locating ring into abutting contact with the drill seat subsequent to the insertion of the shank portion into the drill seat and the positioning of the cutting tip at the selected distance relative the drill seat.

Abstract: A PCB working machine includes a work table for holding a PCB substrate in place with a suction force; a spindle carrying a cutting tool; a controller for moving the spindle in accordance with a predetermined pattern; a collet chuck provided at a distal end of the spindle for clamping the cutting tool; a floating head encircling said collet chuck at a distant position and having an end plate in which a plurality of air blowing holes are provided; and an adjuster for adjusting the positional relationship between the floating head and the cutting tool.

Abstract: An apparatus for drilling holes in flexible materials used for flexographic printing includes a table which receives single sheets of flexible material which are to be drilled by a downwardly moveable drill. An optical mirror, TV-camera and monitor serve as viewing means to directly view the exact position on the surface of the material to be drilled. The optical mirror occupies a first position between the moveable drill and the flexible material, the first position being directly below the drill and directly above a target location on a single sheet. The optical mirror is retractable to a second position away from the path of the moveable drill, the optical mirror being replaced in the first position after the drilling is accomplished.

Abstract: A system is provided for drilling through contiguous first and second plate members so as to avoid the formation of burrs at their interface. Using a jig, the plate members are held together at distant locations while assuming a desired mutual orientation in a longitudinally extending upright plane. Loosely suspended from a frame manually movable along the length of the jig, a horseshoe shaped yoke is positioned in a laterally extending upright plane and has a pair of depending legs straddling and adjacent to their associated plate members to be drilled. A hole finding pin on a first leg is manually inserted into a pilot bore provided in the first plate member. Thereupon, opposed clamps on the depending legs firmly engage the plate members in the region of the pilot bore. From the side of the second plate member, enlarged sized bores are drilled through the plate members axially aligned with the pilot bore.

Abstract: Alternative tool wear compensation modules employing drawbar actuated tool position adjustment or electrically activated solid-state prime mover adjustment including means for physically sensing and verifying the extent of adjustment without awaiting the gaging of successive work piece dimensions following compensation adjustment. In one embodiment, a piezoelectric stack is employed with a flexure unit mounted tool to produce adjustment deflection through controlled voltage applied to the piezoelectric stack.

Abstract: A manually positioned computer controlled drilling machine (10) is disclosed for drilling a hole (12) through a surface (14). The machine includes a base (16) which is supported on a counterbalanced suspension so that an operator can manually move and shift the machine on the surface to be drilled. Automatic adjustable legs (20-26) are biased outwardly from the base by low pressure air cylinders which allows the operator to tilt and move the base (16) relative to the surface (14). This allows the operator to position the drill bit (18) over the position where the hole is to be drilled and orient the drill bit perpendicular to the surface. Caliper brakes (38) are then activated to lock the legs in place. A number of suction cup assemblies (42-52) are then sequentially moved outward into contact with the surface. A suction foot (56) on each of the suction cup assemblies is adhered to the surface by a vacuum.

Abstract: A computer-based system and method is provided for positioning a cutter tool to an edge of a solid model in a computer aided manufacturing environment. A shortest distance and direction required to position the machine tool cutter to the edge of the solid model is determined. Edges are defined as three dimensional space curves. The machine tool cutter is defined as a convex envelope. Using the space curve definition, the cutter location, and the center axis of rotation for the cutter, computations are executed to determine a directional vector and distance such that moving the cutter along the vector for the prescribed distance will cause it to be in contact with the curve. Adjustments are available which cause the cutter to travel to offsets from the curve, including aligning the front of the cutter to the curve, the end of the cutter on the curve, or the back of the cutter past the curve.

Abstract: An automatic machine for performing framing operations on a power pole. The machine is controlled by a programmable logic control and interchangeable programs are provided to control the operation of the machine according to a pole frame specification. Poles to be framed are received on a primary conveyor. The poles are sequentially scanned for length and position and are transferred in sequence to a longitudinal feed station where the poles are oriented on a first set of supports. An end of the pole is clamped to a movable carriage to maintain the pole orientation. The pole is fed through a rotatable tool ring by movement of the carriage. The tool ring supports tooling to perform the framing operation on the pole. The programmable logic control coordinates the movement of the carriage and the rotation of the tool ring to position the tools in the proper relation to the pole. Self centering supports are provided to center the longitudinal axis of the pole on the rotational axis of the tool ring.

Abstract: In a precision drilling method for drilling a straight hole in a work with a drill, a drill unit for rotating the drill is supported to a housing in suspension by an electromagnetic force consisting of separately controllable restoring and damping elements. The drill unit is supported by first restoring and damping elements such that a positional displacement of the drill unit is permitted to relieve a contacting pressure applied to the drill unit when the drill comes into contact with the work. The positional displacement of the drill unit is monitored by sensors. When a force applied to the drill unit, which is determined according to thus monitored displacement, is greater than a critical value, the first restoring element is increased to give a relatively strong support capable of rapidly restoring the position of the drill unit, and preferably the first damping element is also increased to rapidly damp a vibration of the drill unit induced by the positional displacement.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention is a method of rapidly drilling holes in a workpiece on a drilling machine having first and second spindles holding first and second drill tools, a first and second pressure foot mounted on the first and second spindles and a work table mounted beneath the spindles on which workpieces can be mounted.

Abstract: An improved machine tool having means for automatically sensing axial movement of the jaw members relative to the collet housing and for adjusting the axial position of the collet to automatically compensate for the jaw movement to allow radial gripping of the workpiece with no axial movement.

Abstract: A method of precisely calibrating a spindle position with respect to a drilling apparatus worktable. The drilling apparatus includes a control device, which calculates an expected relative position of the spindle and the worktable based upon predetermined information, and the controlled movement of the spindle relative to the worktable. The method includes positioning the spindle in a first position, empirically determining the position of the spindle with respect to the worktable in both a first and a second direction, and determining a "correction factor" between the expected spindle position relative to the worktable at the first position and the empirically determined spindle position relative to the worktable in the first and second directions.

Abstract: An arrangement for driving a rotary tool is provided in which the tool shank is engaged and frictionally driven by the engagement of three or more drive rollers. Axial movement of the tool is accomplished by tilting the axes of the rollers as permitted by flexible portions of the shafts which drive the rollers. The tool is released by moving one roller away from the other two. A pressure foot is provided at the bottom of the assembly reciprocated by a cam arrangement to engage the workpiece when the tool is in operation. A position pick-off senses the axial position of the tool so that the tilt angle of the rollers can be controlled by a dual feedback path servo loop having an improved preconditioning circuit for its feedback position counter.

Abstract: A benchmark device for a plane face comprises at least three benchmark elements which together define a reference plane parallel to said plane face, together with a system of rectangular axes enabling any point of said plane face to be located.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for drilling multilayer printed circuit boards, and is also directed to a printed circuit board drill for the implementation of this method. When, based on a known measuring procedure, an offset of the interior layers of the printed circuit boards relative to the rated position is identified, the drill spindles must be appropriately adjusted before drilling in order to avoid rejects. This, however, has the disadvantage that respectively only one printed circuit board can be drilled at one time. Contrasting therewith, the invention provides that the seating plate for the printed circuit board of the drill can be designed variable with respect to the drill spindle, so that a plurality of seating plates can now be adjusted independently of one another. As a consequence, the employment of multi-spindle drills becomes possible.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for aligning a crankpin grinding machine of the type having a pair of opposite facing workheads for mounting a crankshaft on its end journals and rotating the crankshaft about an axis passing through selected crankpins during the grinding of the selected crankpins and an indexing device in one of said workheads for indexing the crankshaft about the axis of the end journals to position and grind other selected crankpins. The apparatus is comprised of a laser for projecting a narrow collimated beam of light, a photoelectric target to intercept the target and produce an output which is indicative of where the laser beam intersects the target, an input-output unit to process the output of the target and display information to an operator; and special adapters to mount the laser and target on the crankpin grinding machine to align the workheads, workholders and indexing device of the machine.

Abstract: A device and method are provided for side-drilling of catheters. The method comprises storing side-drilling hole patterns, selecting a side-drilling hole pattern, positioning the catheter at successive locations defined by the pattern, and drilling holes at the locations. The device carries out the method to side-drill catheters.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for effecting a machining operation, e.g. drilling, on a multi-layered printed circuit board utilizing a machining apparatus having a spindle for driving a tool. The spindle is movable in the axial direction of the tool and a pressure foot for pressing the printed circuit board during the machining is mounted on the spindle for relative movement with respect thereto. The method includes the steps of determining the position of the end of a tool with respect to the end of a pressure foot in the state before the pressure foot contacts the printed circuit board, setting the amount of relative movement between the pressure foot and the tool necessary for effecting the desired machining, on the basis of the position of the end of the tool and a predetermined set value of the machining depth; and effecting the machining on the printed circuit board by controlling the feed of the tool in conformity with the amount of relative movement.

Abstract: A multiple piercing apparatus for piercing a workpiece having a plurality of reference marks defining the piercing locations. A plurality of adjustably movable piercing unit cases are opposedly arranged on opposite sides of a machine bed. A piercing element, such as a twist drill or punching assembly, is mounted for movement with respect to the unit case to be aligned with a respective reference mark in response to data received from a sensor, such as a camera or photo-sensor.

Abstract: Machine for automatically regulating and measuring the length of extension and the diameter of a tool. The present invention relates to a machine for automatically regulating and measuring the length of extension and the diameter of a tool 2 mounted in a conical mandrel 3 cooperating with receiving cone 7 of machine, the mandrel 3 comprising means 9 for tightening and means 17 for adjusting said tool.

Abstract: In CNC machining, the radius of the circle described by a tool tip has been set manually using a separate setting machine. The present invention allows such a radius to be set automatically. A rotary datuming touch trigger probe has internal and external cylindrical datum surfaces 40 and 41. Threee piezo-electric crystals 47a, 47b, and 47c are mounted between a mounting member 43 for the cylindrical surfaces and a collar 44 fixed to a machining table 46. The tip of a tool forming part of a boring head is brought into engagement with the surfaces by driving the tool along the U-axis and when engagement occurs it is sensed by the piezo-electric crystals which send a signal to a computer. The procedure is repeated with the tool tip 180.degree. and 270.degree. around the cylindrical surfaces from its original position allowing the computer to determine the radius of the tool tip relative to the axis of the datum surfaces. Other forms of rotary datuming probes are also described.

Abstract: A drilling device for drilling holes in structural steel shapes utilizes a control system having a pair of control pistons to set the drill bit at an optimum distance from the workpiece for repeated drilling of holes through material of a given thickness. The control device responds to position switches sensing the positions of the drill-feed cylinder and the control pistons.

Abstract: A drilling unit comprises a housing (5), a drilling spindle housing means (3) axially moveable within said housing (5), a drilling spindle (2) rotatably received within said housing (5) and driven by a driving means (12), a plunger (15) connected to the drilling spindle housing means (3) and piston means (22) slideably received within said housing (5) and operatively connected to the plunger (15). The plunger (15) is connected to the piston means (22) with a first clearance (51) in a plane normal to the direction (A) of the axial movement of the plunger. The piston means (22) further is connected to the plunger (15) with a second clearance (52) in the direction of the axis (A) of said drilling unit.The drilling unit exhibits excellent linearity of axial motion combined with a high degree of accuracy and, at the same time, requires as little space as possible in a plane parallel to a plane, in which a workpiece is positioned.

Abstract: Disclosed is a tapping control system capable of performing tapping work with high accuracy and reliability in a manner such that rotation of a tap by means of a digital spindle motor (1) is synchronized with axial drive of the tap by means of a servomotor (2).A digital control circuit (5), used to drive the spindle motor, is supplied with a speed command from position control means (4). The speed command is based on a distributed pulse from an interpolating circuit (3a) for linear interpolation in accordance with the pitch value of a screw to be worked, and a feedback signal indicative of the rotational position of the spindle motor. Also, a servo-circuit (12) for the servomotor is supplied with a distributed pulse from the interpolating circuit. Thus, the two motors are driven synchronously.According to an aspect of the present invention, the tapping work is performed in a fixed cycle such that forward and reverse rotations of the two motors are repeated to reciprocate the tap.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for machining multiple holes in a workpiece to a uniform depth and at a predetermined angle to the surface of the workpiece. The method is performed by a numerically controlled machine tool which orients the workpiece in space with respect to a reference coordinate system which establishes an expected position of the surface of the workpiece. The actual position of the surface of the workpiece is determined by sensing contact between the workpiece and the boring tool. Once the actual position of the workpiece surface has been sensed, the tool is advanced a predetermined distance to provide a uniform depth cut. The expected position, the actual position, and the deviation between the two are recorded to assure that the surface of the workpiece is accurately sensed during subsequent machining steps.

Abstract: A cutting tool includes a motor and control inside the cutting tool for adjusting the cutting radius of the cutting tool. The cutting tool is adaptable for use with machine tools which do not include integral systems for moving parts of the cutting tool adjust the cutting radius.

Abstract: A thermal displacement compensating apparatus capable of compensating for the thermal displacement of the main spindle of a machine tool is disclosed. A feed back scale and a measuring head are provided in order to detect the actual position of the front end portion of the spindle head. Furthermore, a distance sensor is provided for detecting the thermal extension of the main spindle with respect to the spindle head. The output signal from the distance sensor is used for modifying the present position detected by the measuring head or modifying a commanded target position. With this arrangement, a tool attached to the front end portion of the main spindle is moved to the commanded position regardless of the thermal displacement of the spindle head and the main spindle.

Abstract: A numerically controlled machine for processing printed circuit boards, including a workpiece holder and at least one operating unit that includes a motor arbor with an exchangeable tool, and a feed mechanism with a drive motor, a control mechanism, and a first movement-measuring system. For each operating unit, there is provided a respective second movement-measuring system that is disposed thereon, and a respective reference measuring point on the workpiece holder, with the aid of which there can be measured a distance between a tip of the tool and an abutment surface of the operating unit that rests upon a workpiece during a processing operation. Prescribed drilling depths are correctable in the control mechanism of the feed mechanism via the measured distance value. This compensation of respective tolerance values is effected independently for each operating unit.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for conducting boring of a series of spaced walls on a workpiece using a self-adjusting boring bar.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for compensating displacements of a machine point due to temperature changes, such as the temperature-related displacement of a work spindle axis of a milling machine relative to a machine reference point. The measurement values of the intended positioning of the work spindle axis are determined by means of a position measuring device which includes at least one first sensing device for sensing a measuring scale. A second sensing device connected to a housing of the work spindle through a push rod of a material having a small coefficient of expansion is used to directly determine the temperature-related displacement with respect to direction and magnitude. The determined value is computed into the measurement value of the intended position by means of an analyzing unit. The result is a compensation of the temperature-related displacement of the work spindle axis.

Abstract: An automatic pattern original reading apparatus is disclosed in which perforation position coordinate data of a pattern original indicating a perforation position of a printed substrate is stored beforehand, and a hole diameter indication sheet having a colored indication which discriminates perforation diameter and which is located at a position corresponding to the perforation position of the pattern original is placed on a table. The table and an optical system for optically reading reflected light from the color indication through color filters are moved relatively to each other by position control circuits to the perforation position. The color detection output from the optical system is discriminated with respect to color by a color discrimination circuit, and the color discrimination output is stored in a memory as hole diameter information in a corresponding relationship with the perforation position coordinate data.

Abstract: A high precision processing equipment includes a contactor provided in a numerical control processing unit and moved in a direction parallel to a spindle, so that the contactor is brought into contact with a workpiece or its support member during feeding motion of the spindle so as to define a positional relationship between the contactor and the spindle. When a magnetic-electric converting element attached to the contactor is opposed to a magnet on the spindle during feeding movement of the spindle, the element detects movement of the magnet, and a resulting detection signal is used to obtain a positional relationship between the spindle and a workpiece, i.e. the starting position of a subsequent processing motion during activation of the processing unit.

Abstract: A tactile sensing tool positioning system for positioning a tool normal to the surface of a curved workpiece is disclosed. The tool positioning system of the present invention includes a steel frame for rigidly supporting a cutting tool having a longitudinal cutting implement, such as a drill bit or countersink bit. The steel frame includes a steel collar which is normal to the axis of the cutting implement and which supports a deformable ring of polyurethane or other resilient material. A plurality of aluminum cylinder positioning sensors are imbedded into the steel collar and surrounded by the deformable ring with one end of each aluminum cylinder positioning sensor contiguous with the exposed surface of the deformable ring. The axial loading experienced by each aluminum cylinder positioning sensor is measured by an associated strain gauge, and a quadrature circuit is then utilized to balance the forces on the aluminum cylinder positioning sensors and normalize the longitudinal cutting implement.

Abstract: A drilling system for drilling circuit boards includes means for precisely controlling the depth of drilling despite surface variations in the circuit boards. The system includes a detection circuit for detecting contact between the circuit board and drill and control circuitry for thereafter causing the drill to move a predetermined distance corresponding to the desired drilling depth.

Abstract: Disclosed is an edged tool positioning device which is fixed to the quill of a machine tool for permitting the edged tool to reach a desired X- and Y-coordinate position on a workpiece and for permitting the edged tool thus put at the desired X- and Y-coordinate position to advance a desired distance in the thickness of the workpiece in the Z-direction. Every time the device is brought in contact with at least one selected side and upper surface of the workpiece, a warning unit built in the device informs a worker of the contact by the device with the workpiece, thus permitting him to find a start position and measure a desired distance in each direction.

Abstract: An automatic countersink depth control tool and a combination of the same with an installer for fasteners having countersink heads. The tool has a nonrotatable stop (76) for limiting the depth of a countersink drilled in a fastener hole. The stop (76) is adjustably movable toward or away from a workpiece in which the countersink is to be drilled, the movement of the stop being relative to the depth of the countersink. There is a rotatable screw gear (50) having an external ring gear (54) for moving the stop in accordance with the depth of the countersink and in accordance with the height of the head of the countersink head of the fastener to be installed in the hole. There is a motor (90) having a spur gear (94) engaged with the ring gear (54) to rotate it a predetermined amount by a threaded engagement of the screw gear (50) and the stop (76). Because the stop is nonrotatable, the rotation of the threads moves the stop the desired amount.

Abstract: An apparatus for sensing the location of a structural member on which a working operation is to be performed. The apparatus includes a probe that is connected to a rack and is mounted for movement between an inoperative position and an operative position, where the probe will be in engagement with the structural member. The rack is carried by a piston which is slideable within a cylinder and by introducing fluid pressure into one end of the cylinder, the rack will be extended to thereby move the probe from the inoperative to the operative position. Engaged with the rack is a pinion and linear movement of the rack will rotate the pinion and rotation of the pinion acts through a resolver to generate a signal indicating the precise position of the structural member.

Abstract: Bore holes are formed in opposite side walls of a part in alignment with each other by two separate cutting tools in two separate machine tools disposed on opposite sides of the part. One of the machine tools is a master and the other is a slave with the master machine tool being disposed at the position at which it is to form a bore hole in one of the opposite side walls. Then, the slave machine tool is moved so that the longitudinal axis of its spindle is in alignment with the longitudinal axis of the spindle of the master machine tool whereby the two bore holes will be aligned with each other and extend through the entire part. This alignment is accomplished by a laser on a spindle carrier of the master machine tool producing a laser beam in parallel with the longitudinal axis of the spindle of each of the spindle carriers and being received by a laser target on the spindle carrier of the slave machine tool.

Abstract: A method of approach in area cutting includes giving in advance an angle .theta. between a workpiece plane (WPL) and a straight line (SL) connecting an approach starting point (P.sub.A) and a cutting starting point (P.sub.i), and a distance dz between the approach starting point (P.sub.A) and the cutting starting point (P.sub.i) in a direction perpendicular to the workpiece plane. Coordinate values of the approach starting point (P.sub.A) are calculated using the angle .theta. and the distance dz in such a manner that a projection (SL') of the straight line (SL) on the workpiece plane (WPL) is brought into orientation with a direction of a normal line at the cutting starting point (P.sub.i) on a curve (OLC) of the external shape. A tool (TL) is positioned at the approach starting point (P.sub.A) in a rapid-traverse mode, and the tool is subsequently moved to the cutting starting point (P.sub.i) in a cutting-feed mode. Thereafter, cutting is started.

Abstract: A method of machining performed by back-and-forth cutting, particularly a machining method for automatically creating a pick-feed path that will not cause a tool (TL) to interfere with a workpiece (WK) when a pick-feed is performed, moving the tool along the pick-feed path, and thereafter performing cutting. If the workpiece is concave in the proximity of the pick-feed path, the method includes obtaining an approach plane (AP) containing a machining end point (Pe) and lying parallel to a plane (PL) which contacts a curve (OLC) of the external shape of the workpiece at a next machining starting point Ps. Then a point of intersection Pc between the approach plane (AP) and a straight line (SL) passing through the machining starting point Ps is obtained, with the straight line coinciding with the direction of the central axis of the tool at the machining starting point. The path Pe.fwdarw.Pc.fwdarw.Ps serves as the pick-feed path.

Abstract: An apparatus for punching of an angular steel profile comprises a feed conveyor and a discharge conveyor for the angular steel profile, a rigid frame portion, two punch carriages and at least one punch carriage positioning motor for moving the punch carriages mounted on the frame portion and a servomechanism for positioning at least one of the punch carriages according to the tolerances, particularly the angular tolerances, of the angular steel profile to be worked. The servomechanism for positioning the punch carriage has a compressively loaded roller sensor contacting on a reference surface of the angular steel profile and a signaling member operated by the roller sensor. The feed conveyor, the discharge conveyor and the punches are equipped for feeding and working a vertically oriented V-shaped angular steel profile.

Abstract: A drilling rate and depth monitor is provided for determining the rate in which apertures are formed in a workpiece using an electro-chemical machining process. The drilling rate and depth monitor is particularly useful where the rate of aperture formation is extremely slow, i.e., less than one-thousandths of an inch per second. The drilling rate includes a position sensor coupled between a workholder and a movable member supporting a plurality of cathodic drilling tubes which yields a depth signal proportional to the distance between the drilling tubes and the surface of the workpiece. Differentiation means are responsive to the depth signal for producing a drilling rate signal and display means are provided for both the drilling rate and drilling depth.

Abstract: The invention has as an object to provide a reliable, failure-free tool holding apparatus which allows digitization of a tool holding apparatus having a tool moving function, is free from various problems encountered upon digitization, and does not cause an erroneous operation upon scattering and attachment of chips or cutting oil. In order to achieve this object, a scale member and a moving amount detecting means are arranged to oppose each other. The scale member is arranged at the side of a slide movable in a predetermined direction, and is moved following the movement of the slide. The moving amount detecting means is arranged at the side of the main body and supplies a predetermined number of oscillation pulses to a display in accordance with the moving amount of the scale member. The scale member is enclosed with stretchable members such as bellows members, and is moved in the enclosed, sealed space.

Abstract: A drilling attachment for use with a machine tool that rotates a workpiece in which the drilling apparatus is moved into an operative position to the workpiece by means of the machine tool slide and is rotated with the workpiece so that a drilling member associated with the rotating drilling apparatus is caused to rotate and to enter the workpiece while the same is rotating. The drive means for rotating the drill collet includes an idler gear which allows a greater work area between the rotating portion of said drill attachment and the drill collet on the drill attachment.