Resilient Pawl Patents (Class 411/329)
  • Patent number: 11111950
    Abstract: A fastener assembly includes a threaded member including a threaded body portion and a head portion. The fastener assembly also includes a first lock member including a plurality of axially-extending ratchet teeth and defining an aperture extending therethrough. The aperture is sized to receive the threaded body portion. The fastener assembly further includes a second lock member including a base portion configured to couple to the threaded member for rotation therewith and at least one spring finger extending axially from the base portion. The at least one spring finger has a proximal end joined to the base portion and a free end opposite the proximal end. The second lock member has a lock position in which the free end of the at least one spring finger is configured to engage the plurality of axially-extending ratchet teeth and an unlock position in which the free end of the at least one spring finger is spaced from the plurality of axially-extending ratchet teeth.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 1, 2019
    Date of Patent: September 7, 2021
    Assignee: Enduralock, LLC
    Inventors: Harold Hess, Zoltan Kalman Furu-Szekely, Deeptesh Selvaraj
  • Patent number: 10094413
    Abstract: A fastening device including a fastener having a head portion and an elongated threaded body portion extending axially from the head portion. The threaded body portion includes opposing flat sections. A lock washer has a lower surface with an array of radially extending engagement teeth. The lock washer also defines an axial aperture for receiving the fastener. The axial aperture has two flat inner surfaces for cooperating with the two flat sections of the threaded body portion to prevent relative rotation of the washer and threaded body portion. A threaded lock nut mates with the threaded body portion. The lock nut has an upper surface with at least one cantilevered pawl members for ratcheted engagement with the array of radially extending engagement teeth of the lock washer.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 29, 2015
    Date of Patent: October 9, 2018
    Assignee: ENDURALOCK, LLC
    Inventor: Harold Hess
  • Patent number: 9121429
    Abstract: An apparatus includes a shaft, a device, a fastener, and an anti-rotation clip. The shaft is configured for rotation. The device is mounted on, and surrounds at least a portion of, the shaft, and has first and second protrusions that are formed on one side and are spaced apart to define a tab space. The fastener is rotationally mounted relative to the shaft, and includes a tab slot formed in its outer surface that extends radially inwardly and is disposed radially inwardly of the tab space. The anti-rotation clip includes a main body portion and a head portion that has a first tab portion and a second tab portion. At least a portion the main body portion is disposed between the device and the fastener, the first tab is disposed in the tab space, and the second tab is disposed in the tab slot.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 4, 2013
    Date of Patent: September 1, 2015
    Assignee: HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC.
    Inventors: Timm E. Hartman, Casey Hanlon, Mitchell Laidlaw, Kellan Geck
  • Patent number: 8936409
    Abstract: A locking device that prevents a rooftop support device from being separated into upper and lower parts is disclosed. The locking device stops the lower base from being fully unscrewed from the upper platform. The device automatically releases to allow the lower base to be screwed back onto the upper platform.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 21, 2011
    Date of Patent: January 20, 2015
    Inventor: Daniel Lalancette
  • Patent number: 8784027
    Abstract: A fastening device including a fastener having a head portion and an elongated threaded body portion extending axially from the head portion. The threaded body portion includes opposing flat sections. A lock washer has a lower surface with an array of radially extending engagement teeth. The lock washer also defines an axial aperture for receiving the fastener. The axial aperture has two flat inner surfaces for cooperating with the two flat sections of the threaded body portion to prevent relative rotation of the washer and threaded body portion. A threaded lock nut mates with the threaded body portion. The lock nut has an upper surface with at least one cantilevered pawl members for ratcheted engagement with the array of radially extending engagement teeth of the lock washer.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 4, 2011
    Date of Patent: July 22, 2014
    Assignee: Enduralock, LLC
    Inventor: Harold Hess
  • Patent number: 8746100
    Abstract: A gearbox assembly includes a pinion gear having a gear stem extending axially through a tubular output stem of an output member with a threaded portion protruding from an output flange of the output member. A pinion nut includes a threaded inner bore threadably engaging the threaded portion of the gear stem to retain the output member to the pinion gear. An outer rim of the pinion nut defines an outer circumference having a tool recess and a deformation spaced circumferentially apart from the tool recess. The tool recess is adapted for receiving a tool to rotate the pinion nut in a first direction relative to the gear stem. The deformation engages an inner circumference of the output flange to prevent the pinion nut from rotating in a second direction relative to the gear stem.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 27, 2010
    Date of Patent: June 10, 2014
    Assignee: McLaren Performance Technologies Inc.
    Inventors: Dennis Cook, Jonathan M. Adler
  • Patent number: 8641344
    Abstract: A fastener has an integral retention mechanism, which is affixed to the fastener without the need for EDM slots along the length of the fastener. The integral retention mechanism reliably secures the fastener to a panel until it is desired to remove the fastener, in which case the fastener may be easily disengaged without any additional tools. The fastener has an axial aperture having an opening in the tip of the fastener, and axially aligned openings along opposing sides of the fastener which penetrate through to the axial aperture. A u-shaped spring mechanism is disposed within the axial aperture, with a portion of each leg outwardly extendable through the axially aligned openings to provide a retention mechanism.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 18, 2011
    Date of Patent: February 4, 2014
    Assignee: Avibank Manufacturing, Inc.
    Inventors: Edward Avetisian, Zeljko Balo, Dan Welter, Dennis Del Castillo, Gerardo Limon
  • Publication number: 20080069662
    Abstract: A structure for attaching to a support a protective member having a rib comprises a single-piece clip with a rib-fastening section and a support-fastening section. The rib-fastening section has a pair of walls defining a space into which the rib is inserted, and the walls have respective resilient pawls that engage opposite sides of the rib to resist withdrawal of the rib from the space. The walls have reinforcing braces outside the space. The support-fastening section has a tube with a tapered lead-in member for receiving a stud projecting from the support.
    Type: Application
    Filed: September 14, 2007
    Publication date: March 20, 2008
    Inventors: Tatsuya Kaneko, Noriaki Kojima
  • Patent number: 7189044
    Abstract: The locking nut and bolt system includes an elongated locking unit, mounted in a nut and operative with a specially configured groove bolt. The locking unit includes a plurality of at least three tines, asymmetrically located, which protrude tangentially and generally radially inward. The tines are radially asymmetrically disposed such that when a respective tine latches into a corresponding groove, asynchronous locking operation is achieved. When the tine is engaged in the groove, counter-rotational movement (loosening) is prohibited. In another embodiment, the locking unit has different sized edge cut-outs prohibiting the locking insert from rotating within the nut. The locking unit may also include a longitudinal split and a key and a keyway. A manufacturing process is also disclosed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 29, 2004
    Date of Patent: March 13, 2007
    Assignee: Permanent Technologies, LLC
    Inventor: Loren Ball
  • Patent number: 7156424
    Abstract: A coupling assembly includes a female fitting assembly comprising a tube body having a nut that is axially and rotatably movable relative to the tube body, and a generally U-shape spring fixedly connected to the nut. The spring has a pair of laterally spaced arms that straddle the tube body when the nut is inserted over the tube body and spring arm end portions that are engageable with serrations on opposite sides of the tube body. The spring arm end portions are shaped to provide more resistance to turning of the nut in the loosening/back-off direction when the nut is fully torqued on a male fitting assembly than during tightening of the nut on the male fitting assembly.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 5, 2004
    Date of Patent: January 2, 2007
    Assignee: Parker-Hannifin Corporation
    Inventor: James D. McCord
  • Patent number: 7097402
    Abstract: A lock nut comprising a solid nut body having a flange, from which a neck projection extends axially, being provided at its end surface with an annular shroud, from which at least two claws extend radially.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 16, 2002
    Date of Patent: August 29, 2006
    Assignee: Metallwarenfabrik Hermann Winker GmbH & Co. KG
    Inventor: Alexander Winker
  • Patent number: 6976817
    Abstract: A positive locking fastener for inhibiting rotation of a nut located on a shaft of a threaded fastener, the positive locking fastener comprising: a first plate and a second plate receivable on the shaft, wherein at least one of said plates is rotationally fixed relative to the shaft; a locking assembly axially coupling said first plate to said second plate, said locking assembly including an opening formed in said second plate and a projection extending axially outward from said first plate, wherein said projection is adapted to extend through said opening and overlap a portion of said second plate; and a nut receiving aperture formed on one of said plates having a nut engaging member adapted to rotationally couple the nut to said plates, whereby the nut is rotationally fixed relative to the shaft to inhibit rotation of the nut.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 26, 2002
    Date of Patent: December 20, 2005
    Inventor: Phillip T. Grainger
  • Patent number: 6905297
    Abstract: The locking nut and bolt system utilizes a bolt with thread having a plurality of notches generally longitudinally spaced in a predetermined pattern. Each notch has a lock face and an opposing slope. The locking unit carries one or more tines. The tine has a distal tine end adapted to latch onto the lock face of the notch on the bolt and, when the distal tine end is not disposed in one or more notches, the tine end moves on the bolt thread crest. When the distal tine end is in the notch or notches, the lock face of the notch prevents counter-rotational movement of the bolt with respect to the nut when the distal tine end abuts the lock face. The locking unit supports the tine and may be cylindrical, rectangular or on a perpendicular support face normal to a radial plane through the axial centerline of the nut thread. The locking unit may be on a nut insert or may be carried on the leg of a U, J or S-shaped clip. The locking unit may be recessed as a blind hole.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 10, 2003
    Date of Patent: June 14, 2005
    Assignee: Permanent Technologies, Inc.
    Inventors: Robert J. DiStasio, Stephen G. Bowling, Carl Richard Stanley, William Kurt Feick
  • Publication number: 20040047709
    Abstract: The locking nut and bolt system utilizes a bolt with thread having a plurality of notches generally longitudinally spaced in a predetermined pattern. Each notch has a lock face and an opposing slope. The locking unit carries one or more tines. The tine has a distal tine end adapted to latch onto the lock face of the notch on the bolt and, when the distal tine end is not disposed in one or more notches, the tine end moves on the bolt thread crest. When the distal tine end is in the notch or notches, the lock face of the notch prevents counter-rotational movement of the bolt with respect to the nut when the distal tine end abuts the lock face. The locking unit supports the tine and may be cylindrical, rectangular or on a perpendicular support face normal to a radial plane through the axial centerline of the nut thread. The locking unit may be on a nut insert or may be carried on the leg of a U, J or S-shaped clip. The locking unit may be recessed as a blind hole.
    Type: Application
    Filed: September 10, 2003
    Publication date: March 11, 2004
    Inventors: Robert J. DiStasio, Stephen G. Bowling, Carl Richard Stanley, David Ruyl Luster, Irwin I. Silberman, William Kurt Feick
  • Patent number: 6682281
    Abstract: A locking fastener apparatus for coupling objects together. The locking fastener apparatus includes a bolt having a head portion and a shaft portion with a plurality of shaft slots along the shaft. A nut has a threaded hole for threadably receiving the shaft portion of the bolt. A nut slot is centrally positioned across a width of a first side portion of the nut. The nut has a nut lock bore extending inwardly through the nut slot from the first side portion towards a central hole of the nut. The nut includes a nut lock member for movably positioning in the nut lock bore of the nut. The inner end of the nut lock member has a catch portion that is engagable with the shaft slots. A lever member pivotally coupled to the nut is positioned in the nut slot, with a first end attached to the nut lock member and a second end abutting a biasing member which biases the catch portion into one of the shaft slots to facilitate locking the two together until.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 12, 2002
    Date of Patent: January 27, 2004
    Inventor: Lawrence E. Larsen
  • Patent number: 6679663
    Abstract: The locking nut and bolt system utilizes a bolt with thread having a plurality of notches generally longitudinally spaced in a predetermined pattern. Each notch has a lock face and an opposing slope. The locking unit carries one or more tines. The tine has a distal tine end adapted to latch onto the lock face of the notch on the bolt and, when the distal tine end is not disposed in one or more notches, the tine end moves on the bolt thread crest. When the distal tine end is in the notch or notches, the lock face of the notch prevents counter-rotational movement of the bolt with respect to the nut when the distal tine end abuts the lock face. The locking unit supports the tine and may be cylindrical, rectangular or on a perpendicular support face normal to a radial plane through the axial centerline of the nut thread. The locking unit may be on a nut insert or may be carried on the leg of a U, J or S-shaped clip. The locking unit may be recessed as a blind hole.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 7, 2001
    Date of Patent: January 20, 2004
    Assignee: Permanent Technologies, Inc
    Inventors: Robert J. DiStasio, Stephen G. Bowling, Carl Richard Stanley, David Ruyl Luster, Irwin I. Silberman, William Kurt Feick
  • Patent number: 6678903
    Abstract: A spray handle support assembly includes a support sleeve with outer threads and a support collar. An installation nut that includes inner threads engages the outer threads of the support sleeve. The inner threads of the installation nut include a ramped surface that allows for the inner threads to ride over the outer threads of the support sleeve. The installation nut is then able to pull upward over the support sleeve to engage a bottom surface of the installation deck. Support sleeve includes a flange in a trim collar that engages an upper surface of the deck. The installation nut is pulled upward to engage the bottom surface of the deck and secure the support sleeve in place.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 8, 2003
    Date of Patent: January 20, 2004
    Assignee: Masco Corporation of Indiana
    Inventor: Stephen Miles Rhodes
  • Patent number: 6336779
    Abstract: A fastening system comprises a screw including a thread formed on a shank and configured to form a threaded bore in a plug made of a plastic material, and at least one notch formed in the shank between at least two adjacent turns of the thread. The system also comprises a clip including first and second clip bows connected at joined portions thereof. The first and second clip bows further have firs and second through apertures in their central portions which are aligned and sized to define a channel for allowing the shank of the screw to pass through. At least one of the first and second through apertures has an internal thread matching with the thread of the screw. The clip has at least one resilient lug adapted to engage with the at least one notch when the screw is fastened into the internal thread.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 11, 2000
    Date of Patent: January 8, 2002
    Assignee: ITW Automotive Products GmbH & Co. KG
    Inventors: Andreas Jakob, Klaus Jahnke, Peter Kirchhoff, Mario Schneider
  • Patent number: 6264411
    Abstract: The locking nut and bolt system utilizes a bolt with thread having a plurality of notches generally longitudinally spaced in a predetermined pattern. Each notch has a lock face and an opposing slope. The locking unit carries one or more tines. The tine has a distal tine end adapted to latch onto the lock face of the notch on the bolt and, when the distal tine end is not disposed in one or more notches, the tine end moves on the bolt thread crest. When the distal tine end is in the notch or notches, the lock face of the notch prevents counter-rotational movement of the bolt with respect to the nut when the distal tine end abuts the lock face. The locking unit supports the tine and may be cylindrical, rectangular or on a perpendicular support face normal to a radial plane through the axial centerline of the nut thread. The locking unit may be on a nut insert or may be carried on the leg of a U, J or S-shaped clip. The locking unit may be recessed as a blind hole.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 3, 1999
    Date of Patent: July 24, 2001
    Assignee: Permanent Technologies, Inc.
    Inventors: Robert J. DiStasio, Stephen G. Bowling, Carl Richard Stanley, David Ruyl Luster, Irwin I. Silberman, William Kurt Feick
  • Patent number: 6102639
    Abstract: The bolt, in the one-way nut and bolt combination, includes a head, a stem, and bolt threads on said stem. A longitudinal channel is defined on the bolt stem by a plurality of notches extending through the crests of the threads. In one embodiment, each notch is defined by a radially aligned surface and an angularly displaced surface. The nut, in one embodiment, has a threaded bore that is complimentary to the bolt thread and includes at least one longitudinal cut-out. The nut further includes a compressible tine extending into the cut-out. The compressible tine has a body portion and a substantially radially aligned distal end portion. The distal end portion of the tine and the cut-out defines a narrow mouth leading to a wider throat deeper in the cut-out. The nut thread and the bolt thread cooperatively permit a user to translate the nut along the bolt threads by means of one-way rotation.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 10, 1999
    Date of Patent: August 15, 2000
    Assignee: Permanent Technologies Inc.
    Inventor: Robert J. DiStasio
  • Patent number: 5951224
    Abstract: The bolt, in the one-way nut and bolt combination, includes a head, a stem, and bolt threads on said stem. A longitudinal channel is defined on the bolt stem by a plurality of notches extending through the crests of the threads. In one embodiment, each notch is defined by a radially aligned surface and an angularly displaced surface. The nut, in one embodiment, has a threaded bore that is complimentary to the bolt thread and includes at least one longitudinal cut-out. The nut further includes a compressible tine extending into the cut-out. The compressible tine has a body portion and a substantially radially aligned distal end portion. The distal end portion of the tine and the cut-out defines a narrow mouth leading to a wider throat deeper in the cut-out. The nut thread and the bolt thread cooperatively permit a user to translate the nut along the bolt threads by means of one-way rotation.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 12, 1996
    Date of Patent: September 14, 1999
    Assignee: Permanent Technologies, Inc.
    Inventor: Robert J. DiStasio
  • Patent number: 5713708
    Abstract: A self-locking nut designed to work with a male thread's that have a slot, keyway or hole along their threads. A novel locking ring (13) placed in a cavity (23)in one end of the nut. One or more fingers (24) on the locking ring lock into a slot, recess, hole or keyway in the male thread and multiple projections on the clip lock into recesses (22) in the female component. By locking the male component to the clip and the female component to the clip the device locks the male component to the female component.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 16, 1995
    Date of Patent: February 3, 1998
    Inventors: Richard W. Van derDrift, Robert G. Ullrich, Paul S. Turin
  • Patent number: 5538378
    Abstract: A self-locking threaded connecting device comprising a male component (11) with a recess locking thread type (31) and a female component (12) with a flexible thread segment (21). Tension from the alignment of the internal flexible thread segment urges projections (22) of the flexible thread segment into the recesses (32) of the recess locking thread and thereby prevent the threaded fastener from loosening and coming apart in response to axial pressure optionally combined with vibration, expansion, contraction or other movement. The projections and recesses are shaped so that the faces glide by each other and unlock with the application of adequate torque. The two threads are designed to work together. The female component when used with a standard male component without recesses provides resistance to inadvertent loosening.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 13, 1995
    Date of Patent: July 23, 1996
    Inventor: Richard W. Van Der Drift
  • Patent number: 5460468
    Abstract: The bolt, in the one-way nut and bolt combination, includes a head, a stem, and bolt thread on said stem. A longitudinal channel is defined on the stem by a plurality of aligned notches extending through the crests of the threads. Each notch is defined by a radially aligned surface and an angularly displaced surface. The nut has a threaded bore that is complimentary to the bolt thread and includes at least one longitudinal cut-out. The nut further includes a compressible tine extending into the cut-out. The compressible tine has a body portion and a substantially radially aligned distal end portion. The distal end portion of the tine and the cut-out defines a narrow mouth leading to a wider throat deeper in the cut-out. The nut thread and the bolt thread cooperatively permit a user to translate the nut along the bolt threads by means of one-way rotation. The tine is alternately flexed inboard into the cut-out, by the bolt threads, and then released when the tine is disposed in the longitudinal channel.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 7, 1994
    Date of Patent: October 24, 1995
    Assignee: PermaThread Technologies, Inc.
    Inventor: Robert J. DiStacio
  • Patent number: 5238342
    Abstract: A fastener having an internally threaded nut body, an externally threaded stem and a lock collar keyed to the nut body. The lock collar has a plurality of spring arms extending radially at an angle into the internally threaded bore of the nut body. During setting of the fastener, the stem is rotated in a tightening direction relative to the nut body. However, when the fastener is fully set, the spring arms will engage axial grooves in the stem to prevent relative rotation in a loosening direction between the nut body and the stem. This configuration forms a positive mechanical lock between the stem and the nut body and prevents the fastener from loosening and losing its clamping force, even when the fastener is subjected to high levels of stress and vibration.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 6, 1993
    Date of Patent: August 24, 1993
    Assignee: Monogram Aerospace Industries, Inc.
    Inventor: Edgar L. Stencel
  • Patent number: 5141157
    Abstract: A pop-up sprinkler having a nozzle housing threadably coupled to a pop-up stem, and including an axially projecting tab formed on the upper end of the stem which cooperates with spaced ribs formed on the inside of the nozzle housing to prevent over tightening of the nozzle housing relative to the stem during assembly and which resists unthreading of the nozzle housing from the stem to prevent vandals from unthreading the nozzle housing from the stem.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 1, 1991
    Date of Patent: August 25, 1992
    Assignee: Anthony Mfg. Corp., Industrial Div.
    Inventors: Joseph U. Han, Hendrik Amirkhanjan, Christopher M. Moralez
  • Patent number: 4682924
    Abstract: A self-locking nut has an annular body, an axial threaded bore, and a hexagonal exterior periphery. A small bore is drilled through the body parallel to the threaded bore adjacent to an apex of two peripheral flat surfaces. An L-shaped locking pin has a base leg received in that small bore, and an interference leg projecting into the threaded bore for interfering relation with a mating bolt. The distal end of the base leg is provided with an outwardly facing recess, and this end is secured relative to the nut body by cold flowing body material into engagement with the pin recess. The pin is fabricated from Type 308 stainless steel welding rod having a uniform circular cross section.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 4, 1985
    Date of Patent: July 28, 1987
    Inventors: Jack R. Kerr, Gerald L. Dunsmore, Thomas V. Shelton
  • Patent number: 4619122
    Abstract: A two-part threaded locking mechanism is provided with complementary stop elements in the form of a pin and a recess that interengage when the two lock elements are threaded together. When used as a padlock, the locking mechanism may be encased in a tapered, spinnable, protective shroud. To facilitate assembly, the recess may be made larger than the pin and the surface adjacent the recess facing the pin may be spirally ramped.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 24, 1984
    Date of Patent: October 28, 1986
    Inventor: Harold N. Simpson
  • Patent number: 4392279
    Abstract: A first fastener part (14) includes a flat disc (16) from which a spindle (18) extends for engagement by a hollow tubular member (24) extending from a base (22) provided with an aperture (54) through which the free end of spindle (18) is visible. A pair of resilient fingers (28, 29) are formed integrally with disc (16) and are mounted in arcuate openings (46, 48) which are of greater extent than fingers (28, 29) so that protuberances (34, 36), which extend from the free end of hollow tubular member (24), will be trapped by the free ends of fingers (28, 29) when shoulders (40, 42), on tubular member (24), and cam faces (30, 32), on spindle (18), coact to couple spindle (18) and hollow tubular member (24) together.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 14, 1981
    Date of Patent: July 12, 1983
    Assignee: Mattel, Inc.
    Inventor: Frederic A. Schwager
  • Patent number: 4269331
    Abstract: A dispensing device to meter the discharge of a predetermined amount of a given material, particularly a food product having a thixotropic consistency, wherein a tubular chamber is defined by an elongated housing having a discharge nozzle and a floating piston head disposed in the chamber, the piston head being moved by a threaded shaft which is controlled by a spring-loaded tooth member that allows the shaft to be selectively rotated, causing the piston head to be moved to a predetermined distance, thereby discharging the required amount of material.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 15, 1980
    Date of Patent: May 26, 1981
    Inventor: John D. Watson
  • Patent number: RE35937
    Abstract: The bolt, in the one-way nut and bolt combination, includes a head, a stem, and bolt thread on said stern. A longitudinal channel is defined on the stem by a plurality of aligned notches extending through the crests of the threads. Each notch is defined by a radially aligned surface and an angularly displaced surface. The nut has a threaded bore that is complimentary to the bolt thread and includes at least one longitudinal cut-out. The nut further includes a compressible tine extending into the cut-out. The compressible tine has a body portion and a substantially radially aligned distal end portion. The distal end portion of the tine and the cut-out defines a narrow mouth leading to a wider throat deeper in the cut-out. The nut thread and the bolt thread cooperatively permit a user to translate the nut along the bolt threads by means of one-way rotation. The tine is alternately flexed inboard into the cut-out, by the bolt threads, and then released when the tine is disposed in the longitudinal channel.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 12, 1996
    Date of Patent: October 27, 1998
    Assignee: Permanent Technologies, Inc.
    Inventor: Robert J. DiStasio