Abstract: A method of tempering powdered metallurgical constructs, that includes first deoxygenating and dehydrating powdered metal compacts before tempering. During the process, the sintered compacts are first preheated to a temperature that desorbs water vapor and oxygen from interstitial spaces of the compact, while not accelerating the rate of oxidation of any metal component. Once deoxygenation and dehydration has been achieved, the compact is heated to a tempering temperature in a substantially oxygen and water vapor-free environment and is maintained at that temperature until tempering is complete. Substantially oxygen and water-vapor free environmental conditions are maintained while the tempered compacts are cooled, to avoid post-oxidation. The resultant tempered powdered metal devices have increased strength, ductility and better machinability than conventionally tempered constructs.

Abstract: A method of making a sintered article of powder metal having a carbon composition in the range of about 0.8% to 2.0% by weight, then spheroidizing the sintered article and then warm forming the sintered article at a temperature between 250.degree. and 700.degree. C. for a time duration selected to form the article to a final shape.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the case-hardening of higher-molybdenum-alloy sintered steels.It is provided that, immediately after the sintering, the sintered steels are cooled down to a temperature range at which a minimum portion of .gamma.-iron is present in sintered steel and that the sintered steels are subjected to a heat treatment in this temperature range in the presence of carbon.

Abstract: A plurality of blanks divided at a division end face 5 or a blank-bonded product comprising a plurality of blanks sintered and bonded together are or is compressed in the same mold, so that they are plastically deformed until the division end faces 5 are cohered. Thereafter, a load is applied to the plastically worked product in a direction of breaking of the division end faces 5 to break the division end faces 5 and divide the plastically worked product into a plurality of members. In this manner, a split type mechanical part having irregularities meshed with each other on mating faces and easily positionable relative to each other can be produced with a good dimentional accuracy.

Abstract: The object of the invention is a reactive sintering method of forming intermetallic materials such as TiNi, TiAl which includes the preparation of a mixture of elemental metallic powders in desired proportions (1) (2), the compression (3) of the mixture of these elemental powders so as to obtain a tablet of powders, then the cladding (4) of this tablet of powders in a cladding resistant to pressure and heat, the clad product then being subjected to a reactive sintering (5) to obtain the intermetallic compound and to a final hot densification operation (6) . Generally, the cladding is removed (7).

Abstract: An iron base sintered alloy with dispersed hard particles is provided which comprises by weight 3 to 15% nickel (Ni), 0.5 to 5% chromium (Cr), 0.5 to 2.0% carbon (C), the remainder iron (Fe) and unavoidable impurities. At least a part of nickel (Ni), molybdenum (Mo) and chromium (Cr) is contained in solid solution of an iron base matrix. At least a part of molybdenum (Mo) and chromium (Cr) is dispersed within the iron base matrix to form fine carbides or intermetallic compounds thereof. Uniformly dispersed within the iron base matrix are hard particles of 3 to 20% contain 50 to 57% chromium (Cr), 18 to 22% molybdenum (Mo), 8 to 12% cobalt (Co), 0.1 to 1.4% carbon (C), 0.8 to 1.3% silicon (Si) and the remainder iron (Fe) to strengthen the dispersion and remarkably improve wear resistance.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a porous metal sheet having pores forming a pattern, comprising the steps of supplying metal powders to a peripheral surface, of at least one pattern roller of a pair of rollers, on which a pattern including a large number of concaves is formed; dropping metal powders to the concaves and accumulating metal powders on the peripheral surface of the pattern roller except the concaves; and rolling directly the metal powders accumulated on the peripheral surface of the pattern roller by rotating a pair of the rollers. It is preferable to laminate porous metal sheets or solid metal sheets manufactured by a method other than the above-described method on the metal sheet manufactured by the above-described method.

Abstract: A porous mold material is provided that contains pores for ventilation in a metal casting, which pores range from 20 to 50 microns, and wherein the porosity value of the porous mold material ranges from 25 to 35% by volume. A method is further provided of producing a porous mold material that contains pores ranging from 20 to 50 microns for ventilation in casting, which method is characterized in that the mixing ratio of stainless steel particles to stainless steel short fibers is from 40 wt %:60 wt % to 65 wt %:35 wt %. The porous mold material of this invention does not have defects such as the inferior fluidity of a molten metal in the mold, or the shrinkage and blowholes in cast products.

Abstract: A sintered friction material includes a copper alloy base and hard particles. The copper alloy base includes copper and at least one of, and preferably both, Zn and Ni within a total range of 5 to 40 wt % of the copper alloy base. The hard particles are uniformly dispersed in a matrix formed by the original composite copper alloy powder constituting the base, in a content amount within a range of 10 to 30 wt % of the friction material.

Abstract: A material for electric contacts based on silver-tin oxide is obtained by mixing a powder of silver or an alloy mainly containing silver with a powder consisting mainly of tin oxide and 0.01 to 10 wt. % (in relation to the quantity of tin oxide) of an additive consisting of one or more compounds containing silver, oxygen and a metal from sub-groups II to VI of the periodic system and/or antimony, bismuth, germanium, indium and gallium, compacting the mixture and sintering it. The tin oxide may be replaced by zinc oxide.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a structural element with brazed-on, bent or folded metal foil components having a foil thickness of less than 500 .mu.m, made of an ODS sintered ferrous material. The sintered material is manufactured by mechanically alloying the basic powders, hot pressing and/or extruding, and subsequently hot-rolling, cold-rolling and final recrystalization annealing to form the sintered material into a foil having improved mechanical strength properties. After the cold-rolling step, the foil material is annealed so that the foil may be thereafter bent and folded at room temperature. The bent and/or folded foil is recrystallization-annealed at a temperature between 1100.degree. and 1300.degree. C. during 3-600 minutes, simultaneously with a brazing operation, in a single process step.

Abstract: A method making a titanium ceramic composite involves forming a hot pressed powder body having a microstructure comprising at least one titanium metal or alloy layer and at least one ceramic particulate reinforced titanium metal or alloy layer and hot forging the hot pressed body follwed by hot rolling to substantially reduce a thickness dimension and substantially increase a lateral dimension thereof to form a composite plate or sheet that retains in the microstructure at least one titanium based layer and at least one ceramic reinforced titanium based layer in the thickness direction of the composite plate or sheet.

Abstract: An electrical contact material for switching rated currents between 20 and 100 Ampere having improved operational life made of 3.2 to 19.9 wt-% tin oxide and 0.05 to 0.4 wt-%, in each case, of indium oxide and bismuth oxide, the remainder being silver. In the course of the manufacture of the material by powder metallurgy more than 60 wt-% of the tin oxide should exhibit a particle size of more than 1 .mu.m.

Abstract: Surface hardened ferritic or austenitic stainless steel articles, especially automobile exhaust flanges and Hego bosses, are produced as sintered powder metal parts having a relatively soft ferritic core and a hardened outer surface layer. The method of manufacturing such parts includes compacting a stainless steel powder, followed by sintering, repressing, and surface hardening in an atmosphere containing nitrogen so that the final part density is at least 88% of theoretical density. Such parts have improved strength and are useful as automotive exhaust flanges and Hego bosses.

Abstract: Novel permanent magnets of Sm.sub.2 Co.sub.17 type crystal structure are provided herein. The magnets preferably have samarium, cobalt, iron, copper and zirconium in specified amounts. They have superior magnetic properties, including maximum energy product, intrinsic coercivity and second quadrant loop squareness. The compositions of the magnets can be expressed by a general formula ?Co.sub.a Fe.sub.b Cu.sub.c Zr.sub.d !.sub.e Sm. Preferred embodiments, wherein a is about 0.6 to about 0.7, b is about 0.2 to about 0.3, c is about 0.06 to about 0.07, d is about 0.02 to about 0.03, and e is about 7.2 to about 7.4, have unexpectedly high maximum energy product, high intrinsic coercive force and squareness. Processes for producing the improved alloy are also provided.

Abstract: A powdered metal piston ring includes a structure of predominantly pearlite with a dispersion of metallic particles having an element with a high affinity for nitrogen. The ring is nitrided to form a hard surface layer at an outer periphery of the ring. The layer includes a first iron nitrided region and an adjacent region having greater hardness because of a reaction between the metallic particles and nitrogen. Preferred metallic particles include a high chromium steel alloy which forms part of the original powder metal of the piston ring.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing tantalum capacitors includes preparing a tantalum compact by cold pressing tantalum powder, placing the compact, along with loose refractory metal powder, in a microwave-transparent casket to form an assembly, and heating the assembly for a time sufficient to effect at least partial sintering of the compact and the product made by the method.

Abstract: A cemented carbide insert with improved toughness and resistance against plastic deformation containing WC and cubic phases of carbide and/or carbonitride in a binder phase based on Co and/or Ni with a binder phase enriched surface zone is disclosed. The binder phase content in the insert is 3.5-12 weight-%. In a zone below the binder phase enriched surface zone, the binder phase content is 0.85-1 of the binder phase content in the inner portion of the insert and the content of cubic phases is essentially constant and equal to the content in the inner portion of the insert. The insert is formed by sintering a cemented carbide containing a nitrogen-containing material in a vacuum or inert atmosphere and heat treating the sintered insert in nitrogen at 40-400 mbar at a temperature of 1280.degree.-1430.degree. C. for a time of 5-100 min.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method, according to which powder compositions of iron-based particles are admixed with a thermoplastic material and a lubricant. The obtained mixture is compacted at a temperature below the glass-transition temperature or melting point of the thermoplastic resin and the compacted product is heated in order to cure the thermoplastic resin. Subsequently, the obtained compacted component is optionally heated to a temperature above the curing temperature.

Abstract: A method of fabricating articles, such as prototype parts and prototype tooling for injection molding, is disclosed. The method begins with the fabrication of the article in a "green" state by the selective laser sintering, or another additive thermal process, applied to a composite powder, preferably a powder of metal particles coated with a thermoplastic polymer. Both the green article and also an aqueous emulsion of a thermosetting material are then preheated to a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic polymer, and the green article is then infiltrated with the aqueous emulsion. The thermosetting material may be a thermosetting polymer with an appropriate cross-linking agent, or may be a cross-linking agent that will react with the thermoplastic binder polymer. After infiltration, the article is dried, and a rigid skeleton of a thermosetting material is now present within the structure of the article. Further processing may now be performed.

Abstract: A wire for fabrication of a vibration resistant filament for an incandescent lamp. The wire includes about 0.05-1.00 weight percent lanthanum oxide dispersed in a tungsten matrix and has a microstructure including stringers of fine particles of lanthanum oxide extending parallel to the wire axis. During primary recrystallization of a vibration resistant lamp filament from the filament wire, the stringers produce a microstructure in the filament exhibiting sufficient grain boundary segments extending generally axially along the length of the filament to render the filament resistant to vibration. A method for producing a vibration resistant filament for an incandescent lamp is also disclosed.

Abstract: A firearm bolt prepared from an alloy of tungsten, nickel and iron having a density of about from 14.1 g/cc to 18.0 g/cc. The alloy preferably also contains at least one of molybdenum, cobalt, rhenium, tantalum and gold. The alloy is preferably manufactured by standard powder metallurgical techniques followed by a liquid phase sinter and vacuum anneal. The bolt can also be manufactured using solid state sintering. The bolt can also be manufactured by mechanically working the material after sintering, after annealing, or after both sintering and annealing.

Abstract: A powder metal gear wheel having a core density of at least 7.3 g/cc, and in one embodiment 7.4 to 7.6 g/cc and a hardened carburized surface. A method of manufacturing transmission gears comprises, sintering a powder metal blank to produce a core density of between 7.4 to 7.6 g/cc, rolling the surface of the gear blank to densify the surface, and then heating the rolled sintered part and carburizing in a vacuum furnace.

Abstract: A high performance hybrid shaft for use in applications where high stiffness, high temperature capacity and lightweight are important. In one form of the present invention the hybrid shaft is formed of a titanium alloy outer tube having in it's interior a gamma titanium aluminide alloy powder metal that is metallurgically bonded to the outer tube. The gamma titanium aluminide alloy powder metal has a room temperature modulus of elasticity greater than the modulus of elasticity of the titanium alloy tube. The hybrid shaft has a modulus of elasticity greater than modulus of elasticity of the titanium alloy tube, and a density equivalent to that of the titanium alloy tube. The wear resistant capability of the shaft is increased at local regions by surface modification treatment such as plasma ion nitrating or by affixing at the ends of the tube a hardened steel fitting.

Abstract: Magnetic materials containing a rare earth metal, and iron or a similar metal, as well as nitrogen and carbon, are produced by gas absorbing nitrogen and carbon sequentially into a parent intermetallic compound; the resulting magnetic materials have high T.sub.c, .mu..sub.o M.sub.s and .mu..sub.o H.sub.A, are essentially free of .alpha.-Fe, and have a coercivity at 300.degree. K. of at least 1.5 T. Anisotropic magnetic materials are produced by pretreating the intermetallic compound, which contains carbon, by powder sintering or oriented hot shaping, followed by nitriding and/or carbiding.

Abstract: A method of extruding a boron carbide-aluminum alloy metal matrix composite includes heating the ingots of the composite to temperatures of about 570.degree. C., holding the ingots at about 570.degree. C. to soften the ingots, placing the ingots in a heated extrusion chamber, and extruding the softened ingots at pressures about 15% to 20% higher than typical pressures used to extrude aluminum alloys. A method of casting a boron carbide-aluminum alloy metal matrix composite includes heating ingots of the composite to about 700.degree. C. to melt the ingots, gently stirring the melt, removing dross from the melt, vigorously stirring the melt with an impeller without creating a vortex, degassing the melt with an argon diffuser wand, and continuously removing froth formed during degassing until the rate of froth formation is reduced and the melt gently bubbles.

Abstract: A hunting projectile with a hollow point is produced with a only few working steps, and in particular a hollow point construction is formed out only in one working step. For this purpose the whole projectile is made of a metal powder by a powder-metallurgical process and then calibrated and during the powder pressing, the hollow tip construction is brought in so that during the calibration it is deformed to produce a final projectile tip.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a high-purity refractory metal or a an alloy based thereon, said refractory metal being selected from the group consisting of niobium, rhenium, tantalum, molybdenum, and tungsten, comprising the steps of compacting a mixed material, in the form of powders or small lumps, of a refractory metal or alloy to be refined together with one or two or more additive elements selected from the group of transition metal elements consisting of vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt and nickel, and from the group of rare earth elements, sintering the resulting compact at a high temperature of at least 1000.degree. C. and a high pressure of at least 100 MPa, thereby forming a lower compound or nonstoichiometric compound between at least a part of the additive element or elements and the impurity gas ingredient element such as O, N, C, and H, contained in the refractory metal or alloy to be refined, and thereafter electron-beam melting the sintered body.

Abstract: A chromium target is disclosed for use in the formation of chromium films or sheets of reduced thickness by means of sputtering. The target has a recrystallized structure represented by the equation, A/B.ltoreq.0.6, where A is the diffraction intensity of the (110) planes as determined by X-ray diffraction of a sputtered surface, and B is the diffraction intensity as determined from the sum of the (110), (200) and (211) planes. The target preferably has a deflective strength of above 500 MPa and an average crystal grain of below 50 .mu.m. The chromium target is produced by subjecting a starting chromium material to at least one stage of plastic working at a temperature of not higher than 1,000.degree. C., and subsequently by heat-treating the resulting chromium material for recrystallization at a temperature of higher than the recrystallization temperature of the chromium material but not higher than 1,200.degree. C.

Abstract: An article essentially consisting of one or more of Ti--Al intermetallic compounds is fabricated so as to have a volume ratio of voids no more than 3.5%, by preparing a mixture of materials selected from a group consisting of Ti, Ti alloys, Al, Al alloys, and Ti--Al compounds, having a composition suitable for forming a desired Ti--Al intermetallic compound, and heating said mixture so that said mixture may be sintered. Typically, the temperature and pressure for the heating or sintering process is appropriately selected so that the desired porosity may be obtained. The mechanical strength of an article according to the present invention is not only improved but is highly predictable, or, in other word, highly reliable. The fabrication costs can be reduced because the fabrication process involves only relatively low temperatures when pressing and heating the work at the same time.

Abstract: The manufacturing method of plastically formed products prevents the generation of cracks at the time of plastic working, thereby increasing the productivity. It is also prevented that the metallic particles constituting the product become large and rough in structure. In the manufacturing method, only the compact treatment and the vacuum deaeration treatment are carried out prior to the extrusion treatment, without the pressure-heat treatment performed. Therefore, processing steps prior to the extrusion treatment are simplified, so that the productivity of the plastically formed products is improved and the metallic particles are prevented from being large and rough. The diffusion treatment between the extrusion treatment and the forging treatment enhances the adhesion at the inner part of the extruded material in the radial direction, whereby the generation of cracks at the time of plastic working is avoided.

Abstract: A method of making a coated member comprising the steps of: providing a sintered substrate that includes hard grains bonded together by metallic binder; removing material from the sintered substrate to form an as-ground substrate; reducing the residual stresses in the substrate; resintering the substrate to form a resintered substrate; and adherently depositing a coating on the resintered substrate.

Abstract: A high vanadium, powder metallurgy cold work tool steel article and method for production. The chromium, vanadium, and carbon plus nitrogen contents of the steel are controlled during production to achieve a desired combination of corrosion resistance and metal to metal wear resistance.

Abstract: The invention has for its object the provision alloy steel powders for Cr-based high strength sintered bodies having high tensile strength, fatigue strength and toughness which are adapted for use in parts for motor vehicles and parts for OA apparatus.The composition of the alloy steel powder comprises, by wt %, not larger than 0.1% of C, not larger than 0.08% of Mn, 0.5-3% of Cr, 0.1-2% of Mo, not larger than 0.01% of S, not larger than 0.01% of P, not larger than 0.2% of O, optionally one or more of 0.2.about.2.5% Ni, 0.5.about.2.5% Cu and the balance being inevitable impurities and Fe. The sintered body has substantially the same composition provided that the content of C alone is limited to 0.2-1.2%.The manufacturing method comprises molding the above alloy steel powder, sintering the resulting green compact at a temperature of 1100.degree.-1300.degree. C. and immediately cooling at a cooling rate of 10.degree.-200.degree. C./minute.

Abstract: A tantalum-containing nickel base superalloy having a .gamma.' phase has greatly improved maximum tensile strength which is substantially independent of the frequency of the stress is processed by forging above the .gamma.' solvus temperature and annealing above the recrystallization temperature of the alloy.

Abstract: There is described a method of producing a cam for a jointed camshaft by sintering a compact made from a sintering powder, which is calibrated after sintering and then subjected to quenching and tempering. To avoid extensive rework, it is suggested that the compact be pressed, sintered and calibrated corresponding to a desired contour (4), which differs from the desired contour (1) of the cam contrary to the distortion (3) produced during quenching and tempering, and that the calibrated compact is then given the desired contour (1) of the cam due to the distortion (3) produced during quenching and tempering.

Abstract: A method for producing fine-grained lamellar microstructures in powder metallurgy (P/M) and wrought gamma titanium aluminides comprises the steps of: (a) a cyclic heat treatment at a maximum temperature in the range of about 10.degree. C. above to about 10.degree. C. below the alpha-transus temperature (T.sub..alpha.) of the alloy, and (b) a secondary heat treatment of thus cyclically heat treated alloy at a temperature between 750.degree. C. and 1050.degree. C. for 4 to 100 hours. For cast gamma alloys, the method comprises additionally the step of a solution treatment at a temperature in the range of about 30.degree. C. to 70.degree. C. above T.sub..alpha. followed by a water or an oil quench before the two steps described above. The alloys with the resulting fine-grained lamellar microstructure have an advantageous combination of mechanical properties--tensile strength, ductility, fracture toughness, and creep resistance.

Abstract: A method of high retained strain forging is described for Ni-base superalloys, particularly those which comprise a mixture of .gamma. and .gamma.' phases, and most particularly those which contain at least about 30 percent by volume of .gamma.'. The method utilizes an extended subsolvus anneal to recrystallize essentially all of the superalloy and form a uniform, free grain size. Such alloys may also be given a supersolvus anneal to coarsen the grain size and redistribute the .gamma.'. The method permits the manufacture of forged articles having a fine grain size in the range of about ASTM 5-12 (5-60 .mu.m).

Abstract: High purity iron-zinc intermetallic calibration standards are produced using a slow diffusion technique. The alloys are pure to greater than 99.5 wt % and are homogenous to greater than 98%. The alloys can be used to calibrate instrumentation used to monitor and measure galvanneal and galvanized coatings. The alloy calibration standards for each of the iron-zinc phases allows instrumentation correction factors to be determined for iron-zinc coating analysis.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing Nb.sub.3 Al phase by a diffusion reaction of Nb.sub.2 Al phase and Nb phase, a part of the Nb.sub.2 Al phase is remained and dispersed in the Nb.sub.3 Al phase homogeneously as for magnetic flux pinning centers for a high magnetic field. As for a method for dispersing the Nb.sub.2 Al phase homogeneously, a Nb.sub.3 Al group superconducting precursory composition obtained by dispersing Nb particles and Nb.sub.2 Al ultrafine particles by a mechanical alloying method is used, and further, by a conventional method for generating Nb.sub.3 Al phase by a diffusion reaction of Nb and an aluminum alloy, A Nb.sub.3 Al group superconductor can be achieved.

Abstract: A process for producing a conductive, fluorine-doped titanium dioxide product which is doped throughout, said process comprising the steps of: (a) reacting the precursors in a system to form fluorine-doped TiO.sub.2, said precursors consisting essentially of a titanium alkoxide and a fluorine source; (b) reducing the fluorine-doped titanium dioxide product at a temperature sufficient to form said conductive, fluorine-doped titanium dioxide product; and (c) recovering the reduced product.

Abstract: A method for stress relieving a compression molded magnetic body is provided for purposes of enhancing the magnetic permeability of the magnetic body. The method involves encapsulating ferromagnetic particles with a thermoplastic polymer coating selected from the group consisting of polybenzimidazole and polyimides having heat deflection temperatures of at least about 400.degree. C. which are capable of withstanding elevated temperatures for a duration which is sufficient to anneal the magnetic body formed from the coated metal particles. As a result, the stresses induced in the magnetic core by the compression molding process can be relieved without detriment to the mechanical properties and magnetic characteristics of the magnetic core.

Abstract: A method of supersolvus forging is described for Ni-base superalloys, particularly those which comprise a mixture of .gamma. and .gamma.' phases, and most particularly those which contain at least about 40 percent by volume of .gamma.'. The method permits the manufacture of large grain size forged articles having a grain size in the range of 50-150 .mu.m. The method comprises the selection of a fine-grained forging preform of a Ni-base superalloy. Supersolvus forging in the range of 0.degree.-100.degree. F. above the alloy solvus temperature then performed at slow strain rates in the range of 0.01-0.001 s.sup.-1. Subsequent supersolvus annealing followed by controlled cooling may be employed to control the distribution of the .gamma.', and hence influence the alloy mechanical and physical properties. The method may also be used to produce location specific grain sizes and phase distributions within the forged article.

Abstract: In a method for the manufacture of an encased high critical temperature superconducting wire by the "powder in tube" method, prior to the introduction of a compressed rod of superconducting material into a silver tube, the rod is heat treated so that grains of unwanted phase are reabsorbed. The tube can be drawn more easily, and strands can be produced with a regular geometry and no defects. The wire is constituted by 15 .mu.m to 20 .mu.m thick filaments (30) with a form factor of more than 60.

Abstract: A method is provided for obtaining uniform grain growth within .gamma.' precipitation strengthened nickel-base superalloys provided in powder metal or cast and wrought form. The method includes alloying the nickel-base superalloy to contain a minimum calculated amount of carbon which, when finely dispersed within the alloy using suitable processing methods, yields a sufficient amount of carbide phase which restricts the grain boundary motion of the alloy during supersolvus heat treatment. When appropriately processed, the grains are not permitted to grow randomly during supersolvus heat treatment, making possible a microstructure whose grain size is uniform, having a grain size range of about 2 to about 3 ASTM units and being substantially free of random grain growth in excess of about 2 ASTM units coarser than the desired grain size range.

Abstract: A composite, a sintered product of the composite, and a process for producing products from this composite. The composite has a very high volummetric proportion of TiC, and its remainder of a matrix. The TiC constitutes at least 70% by volume and as much as 95% by volume of the ultimate product. The process includes making a green body which can be handled and is thereafter pre-sintered to form a pre-form. The pre-form is oversized relative to the ultimate product. It is sintered and machined, again oversize. Then it is again sintered and subjected to hot isostatic compression, to assume at least a close approximation to the pre-determined dimension of the product. It is characterized by its light weight, resistance to erosion, and resistance to chemical attack.

Abstract: A method is provided for obtaining a uniform grain size on the order of about ASTM 5 or coarser in at least a portion of an article formed from a .gamma.' precipitation strengthened nickel-base superalloy. The method comprises forming an article by: providing a billet, preheating the billet above 2000.degree. F. for at least 0.5 hours, working at least a portion to near-net shape at working conditions including a first strain rate of less than about 0.01 per second and at a subsolvus temperature at or near the recrystallization temperature, supersolvus heating to form a grain size in the portion of at least 5 ASTM, and cooling to reprecipitate .gamma.' within the article. The method can be utilized to form a .gamma.' precipitation strengthened nickel-base superalloy article whose grain size varies uniformly between portions thereof, so as to yield a desirable microstructure and property gradient in the article in accordance with the in-service temperature and stress-state gradient experienced by the article.

Abstract: A method for forming a gas-filled consolidated metal billet, involving preparing a metallic shell container, filling the shell with a metal core material and pressurized gas, and consolidating the shell and its contents to form the billet. The consolidated billet is further formed in the same manner as solid metal components by conventional wrought mill working technologies. After thus forming a shaped billet having a predetermined, desired geometry, it is subjected to a heat treatment that expands the gas trapped within the core, to produce in situ a metal body having an integral sandwich-type structure with a solid metal facing and a porous metal core.

Abstract: A tool steel powder added with a vanadium carbide powder by a milling process, and a method for manufacturing parts therewith are disclosed. Particularly, a method for adding a vanadium carbide (VC) powder to a tool steel powder by a ball milling or an attrition milling, and a method for manufacturing a part by using the milled tool steel powder are disclosed. The method for manufacturing a vanadium carbide added tool steel powder and for manufacturing parts using the powder, includes the steps of: mixing a tool steel powder with vanadium carbide powder in an amount of 5.about.15 wt %; ball-milling the mixture powder under wet atmosphere; carrying out an annealing in a vacuum; carrying out a cold die compaction or cold isostatic pressing to near net dimension and carrying out a vacuum sintering and then a hot isotropic pressing without canning.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sintered body for chip forming machining containing at least one hard constituent comprising a carbide, nitride and/or carbonitride of a metal of group IVB, VB or VIB in the periodical system and a binder metal based upon Co, No and/or Fe, in which the body comprises a core containing eta-phase or an intermediate phase, substantially free of carbon and/or nitrogen surrounded by a hard constituent- and binder phase-containing surface zone, free of said eta-phase or intermediate phase.