Abstract: A process for producing a liquid-solid composition comprising heating a liquefiable material sufficiently to form a liquid phase with solid dendritic particles therein without completely liquefying the material and subjecting said liquid-solid material to a shearing action sufficient to break at least a portion of the dendritic structures. The process includes injection molding, forging or die casting the material produced by the process.

Abstract: A process for forming a liquid-solid composition from a material which, when frozen from its liquid state without agitation, forms a dendritic structure. A material having a non-thioxotropic-type structure, in a solid form, is fed into an extruder. The material is heated to a temperature above its liquidus temperature. It is then cooled to a temperature less than its liquidus temperature and greater than its solidus temperature, while being subjected to sufficient shearing action to break at least a portion of the dendritic structures as they form. Thereafter, the material is fed out of the extruder.

Abstract: A method for adding alloying material to a molten metal media, such as molten aluminum, is disclosed. The method includes converting the alloying material into a spray of superheated alloy material and directing the spray into the molten metal media at a depth below the media's surface to enhance dissolution and dispersion of the alloying material in the molten media.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing ultrafine metal powders in which a laser beam is focused on the surface of a workpiece or feedstock and moved thereacross so as to create a cavity within the workpiece through melting and vaporization that contains the metal melted to form the cavity. A subsonic pulsating blast of inert gas is directed at the cavity to atomize the molten metal, rapidly cool the resulting droplets, and transport the droplets to a collection area. The cavity formed by the laser beam is a "keyhole" of deep cavity having a depth approximately three to four times greater than its width. The focal point of the laser beam is moved across the workpiece at a rate from approximately 50 to 80 inches per minute to ensure that the molten metal remains in the cavity prior to the gas atomization.

Abstract: Improvements in the positive temperature dependence of yield strength and in the work hardening rate of tri-nickel aluminide base alloys are achieved. The novel alloy composition has seven alloying ingredients as follows:______________________________________ Concentration Ingredient in Atomic % ______________________________________ Ni balance Co 8-12 Al 16-20 Si 4-6 Nb 0.26-0.30 Zr 0.02-0.04 B 0.2-0.7 ______________________________________The novel composition may be prepared by forming a melt of the composition and atomizing the melt with an inert gas to form fine particles with Ll.sub.2 type crystal structure. The powder is densified by heat and pressure to a novel alloy composition having the improvements in positive temperature dependence of yield strength and work hardening rate as noted above.

Abstract: A method for forming intermetallic and intermetallic-type precursor alloys for subsequent mechanical alloying applications. Elemental powders are blended in proportions approximately equal to their respective intermetallic compounds. Heating of the blend results in the formation of intermetallic compounds whereas lack of heating results in intermetallic-type powder without the intermetallic structure. The resultant powder is then blended to form a final alloy. Examples involving aluminum-titanium alloys are discussed.

Abstract: A ferrosilicon inoculant for gray cast iron containing between 0.1 to 10% strontium, less than 0.35% calcium and either 0.1 to 15% zirconium, 0.1 to 20% titanium or a mixture of both zirconium and titanium with the strontium. The inoculant, method for producing the inoculant, method for inoculating the melt and a gray cast iron inoculated with the inoculant are covered.

Abstract: A metal body having high tensile strength and ductility at temperatures over 1000.degree. F. is provided. The body is prepared by hot isostatic pressing of powder formed by atomization of a melt of an alloy. The alloy composition base is according to the formula:(Ni.sub.1-x Al.sub.x).sub.100-y B.sub.ywhere x is between 0.23 and 0.25, and where y is 0.1 to 2.0.The consolidated body is suitable for machining and may be annealed for a couple of hours at temperatures between 800.degree. C. and 1200.degree. C. following such machining.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a hydrogen-storing alloy based on the Laves phases AB.sub.2, where A is titanium and/or zirconium, and B is one or more elements from the remainder of the transition metal series, wherewith the ratio of the atomic radii of A and B, r.sub.A /r.sub.B, is between 1.05 and 1.68. This is run by melting in vacuum or under a protective gas.

Abstract: A method for producing a magnesium alloy melt is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of (a) melting a magnesium alloy consisting essentially of up to 12 percent of aluminum, up to 30 percent of zinc, up to 1.5 percent of silicon, from 0.04 percent to 0.15 percent of manganese, and a given amount of dissolved beryllium, the given amount constituting from 0.0025 percent to 0.0125 percent of the alloy, balance essentially magnesium, and (b) protecting the magnesium alloy melt against oxidation by blanketing it with an atmosphere containing at least 80 percent by volume of nitrogen. A magnesium alloy melt produced in accordance with the method of the instant invention will undergo reduced oxidation by comparison with magnesium alloy melts produced in accordance with prior art methods. A method for producing a die-casting from a magnesium alloy melt produced according to the method of the instant invention is also disclosed.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a polycrystalline alloy for producing monocrystals by passage in a solvent zone.The compound is completely melted by heating it to a temperature above its melting point and for a time sufficient for the homogenization of the liquid. This is followed by a cooling of the liquid by bringing it to a temperature below the melting point thereof. The sudden rise of the temperature occurring at the end of the superfusion of the liquid is monitored and the mixture then undergoes sudden tempering bringing about the instantaneous solidification of the entity in the form of a homogeneous polycrystalline ingot.

Abstract: The refining additive is an alloy in the form of granules of a metal selected from the group of alkaline earth metals and zinc with a small quantity of a metallic element capable of giving the alloy a substantially lower melting point. The alloy can be a eutectic alloy.This alloy, which is in the form of granules, allows the treatment of steels, cast iron and non-ferrous metals at lower temperatures and with a substantial reduction in bubble formation.The alloy may be introduced in the form of a core wire.

Abstract: A metal body having high tensile strength and ductility at temperatures over 1000.degree. F. is provided. The body is prepared by hot isostatic pressing of powder formed by atomization of a melt of an alloy. The alloy composition is according to the formula(Ni.sub.1-x-z Co.sub.x Al.sub.z).sub.100-y B.sub.ywherein x is at least 0.05, andwherein y is 0.10 to 2.0, andwherein z is 0.23 to 0.25.The consolidated body is suitable for machining to final dimensions. To relieve stresses developed from the machining the body may be annealed for a couple of hours at temperatures between 800.degree. C. and 1200.degree. C.

Abstract: An inoculant alloy based on ferrosilicon or silicon for the manufacture of cast iron with lamellar, compact or spheroidal graphite is described, this alloy comprising(a) between 0.1 and 10% of barium and/or zirconium,(b) less than 2% of aluminum and(c) 0.3% of calcium.This inoculant alloy is distinguished by particularly good suppression of the precipitation of carbide and by its preparation process which is industrially simple and thus has favorable costs.

Abstract: Titanium-containing hydrogen storage alloys with a Laves phase composition AB.sub.2 are made in which the A component is titanium and possibly an element from the start of the transition metal groups of the Periodic Table. According to the invention a titanium-free prealloy is first formed and this prealloy is comminuted and smelted again with addition of titanium and possibly zirconium in a second vacuum furnace stage. The latter melt is then deoxidized with cerium mischmetal. Hydrogen storage capacities of about 2% by weight and above that conventionally obtained can be made.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a highly ductile material comprises melting an alloy material in a crucible held under a vacuum, inserting a stirring bar in the molten alloy material in the crucible and rotating the stirring bar at a low speed, causing the stirring bar to be rotated at a high speed after the molten alloy material has reached the temperature for starting solidification, and continuing the high speed rotation of the stirring bar until immediately before completion of the solidification.

Abstract: A composite material having a first metallic material as the matrix material and extremely fine particles of diameters of the order of tens to hundreds of angstroms of a second metal dispersed in this metallic matrix material is obtained by rapidly adiabatically cooling vapor of the second metallic material through a nozzle, and squirting a jet of fine particles produced thereby into a molten mass of the first material. Optionally, inert gas may be squirted through the nozzle along with the vapor of the second metallic material.

Abstract: A hollow body, a rotor, with holes in the bottom and the side wall, is immersed down into a liquid and rotated with the help of a shaft suspended over the liquid.The liquid, which enters the rotor through the hole in the bottom, will, on account of the centripetal force, acquire a surface in the shape of a paraboloid of revolution. The centripetal force will throw the liquid out through the holes in the side wall, while new liquid will continuously enter through the bottom of the rotor.The shaft for the rotor can be hollow, and through this gas, solid or liquid materials can be added to the liquid.The invention makes possible the treatment in various ways of different types of liquid, from aqueous suspensions to molten metal.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of metallic products from metal salts admixed with solvent wherein at least one of the metal salt and the solvent is easily reducible. The admixture is heated under hypercritical conditions of temperature and pressure to produce metallic products and a hypercritical fluid. The hypercritical fluid is subsequently removed from the reaction zone and the metallic product is collected. The metallic product includes pure metals selected from the group of silver, gold, platinum, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, mercury, arsenic, rhenium, tellurium, iridium, osmium, and copper, and alloys and mixtures thereof. The metallic product ordinarily exists as finely divided powders which may be highly porous.

Abstract: A tri-nickel aluminide base composition is provided which has good ductility at all temperatures. The composition has a relatively high concentration of cobalt substituent and is doped by boron. It also has minor concentrations of at least two other substituent metals selected from the group consisting of niobium, hafnium, vanadium, molybdenum and zirconium.

Abstract: A magnesium-containing metal granulate for the storage of hydrogen in magnesium or in an allow containing magnesium, which includes granulate particles having a catalyst applied on the surfaces thereof.

Abstract: Improvements in the strength of atomized and consolidated boron doped tri-nickel aluminides are made possible. The improved strength is achieved by cold rolling and annealing a HIPped aluminide. The improvements are to room temperature properties.

Abstract: A method is taught for rendering a boron-doped tri-nickel aluminide resistant to mechanical failure while at intermediate temperatures of 600.degree. C. to 800.degree. C. due to a hot-short phenomena. The method involves incorporating between 0.05 and 0.30 of cobalt in the composition according to the expression(Ni.sub.1-x-z Co.sub.x Al.sub.z).sub.100-y B.sub.y.The concentration of aluminum, z, is between 0.23 and 0.25 and the concentration of boron, y, is between 0.2 and 1.50 atomic percent. The composition is formed into a melt and the melt is rapidly solidified by atomization and consolidated. The consolidation may be simultaneous with the rapid solidification, as in spray forming, or sequential by atomization to a powder and consolidation of the powder by HIPping. The consolidated body is cold worked to increase the resistance of the body to failure at intermediate temperatures and may be annealed following the cold working.

Abstract: The invention described herein is an apparatus and method for forming a wear-resistant metal composition. As a specific example, aluminum oxide powder is added to a magnesium alloy to provide a wear-resistant magnesium composition. The magnesium alloy, as the base metal, is placed in a crucible and melted with a burner positioned external to the crucible. A pump having a suction side and a discharge side is mounted on the crucible, with the pump head being suspended below the surface of the molten magnesium. The pump includes a feed tube connected to the suction side, and this tube has a suction opening therein which lies partly above and partly below the surface of the molten metal. The aluminum oxide is fed into the feed tube, and the suction action of the pump causes a vortex at the molten metal surface. The vortex pulls the molten magnesium through the suction opening where it mixes with the aluminum oxide powder.

Abstract: High strength and high toughness are combined in an aluminum-based metallic product by dispersing particles of an aluminum-based metal having a toughness of at least about 20 foot-pounds through a matrix of aluminum-based metal having a yield strength of at least about 30 ksi.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of composite alloys based on aluminum, which may or may not be alloyed, and containing up to 30% by weight of boron.The process is characterized in that the boron is introduced into the liquid aluminum in the form of aluminum boride having the formula AlB.sub.2 or AlB.sub.12.It finds application in the production of composite alloys which are resistant to abrasion or which are intended to serve as neutron barriers in air or an aqueous medium.

Abstract: A process is described for the manufacture of ferrosilicon or silicon alloys containing strontium and having a low aluminum and calcium content, in which a strontium compound is introduced together with an alkaline earth metal, an alkaline earth metal-containing alloy or calcium carbide as reducing agent into the molten ferrosilicon or silicon. The process is distinguished by low industrial expense and good strontium yields.

Abstract: Metal powder-oxide compositions are provided suitable for forming high strength composite products. The compositions comprise powdered flake-like metal alloys having a thickness between 0.5 and 2 microns wherein the oxide comprises between 0.5 and 5 weight percent of the composite compositions.

Abstract: Rare earth oxides can be reduced to rare earth metals by a novel, high yield, metallothermic process. The oxides are dispersed in a suitable, molten, calcium chloride bath along with sodium metal. The sodium reacts with the calcium chloride to produce calcium metal which reduces the rare earth oxides to rare earth metals. The metals are collected in a discrete layer in the reaction vessel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of high purity chalcogenide alloys which comprises providing an acid mixture of the chalcogens; forming a solution thereof; and thereafter reacting the solution with a reducing agent.

Abstract: Boron-containing transition metal alloys based on one or more of iron, cobalt and nickel, and containing at least two metal components, are characterized by being composed of ultrafine grains of a primary solid-solution phase randomly interspersed with particles of complex borides which are predominantly located at the junctions of at least three grains of the primary solid-solution phase. These alloys are obtained by devitrification of the solid, amorphous state under specific heat-treatment conditions. These alloys can be consolidated into three-dimensional bodies.

Abstract: Purified metal compositions and metal compositions free of secondary phase material are produced by heating a metal alloy from the nonequilibrium solidus temperature while subjecting the liquid-solid mixture to high pressure and forcing the liquid through a filter. Compositions obtained by the process of this invention have a nondendritic structure which can be substantially free of secondary phase material.

Abstract: A process for making a boron alloy from a ferrous or non-ferrous melt by adding a boron compound to the melt and reducing the compound within the melt by a reductant, such as aluminum, silicon or carbon, such that the boron can alloy with the melt. A boron alloy containing from very little boron up to 15% boron by weight can be formed. At least 40% of the boron compound is reduced to boron.The alloy can also be employed to make an amorphous material by discharging the molten alloy onto a moving surface to form a strip. The moving surface is a chill body which can quench the strip at a rate of at least from 10.sup.4 .degree. C./sec, or higher to solidify the strip and form an amorphous boron alloy material.

Abstract: A process for preparing a slurry structured metal composition comprising degenerate dendritic solid particles contained within a lower melting matrix composition, the process comprising vigorously agitating at a given shear rate molten metal as it is solidified. Greatly improved processing efficiencies result if the shear and solidification rates are adjusted so that the ratio of the shear rate to the solidification rate is maintained at a value ranging from 2.times.10.sup.3 to 8.times.10.sup.3.

Abstract: Metastable amorphous or fine crystalline materials are formed by solid state reactions by diffusion of a metallic component into a solid compound or by diffusion of a gas into an intermetallic compound. The invention can be practiced on layers of metals deposited on an amorphous substrate or by intermixing powders with nucleating seed granules. All that is required is that the diffusion of the first component into the second component be much faster than the self-diffusion of the first component. The method is practiced at a temperature below the temperature at which the amorphous phase transforms into one or more crystalline phases and near or below the temperature at which the ratio of the rate of diffusion of the first component to the rate of self-diffusion is at least 10.sup.4. This anomalous diffusion criteria is found in many binary, tertiary and higher ordered systems of alloys and appears to be found in all alloy systems that form amorphous materials by rapid quenching.

Abstract: A continuous process for forming aluminum-lithium alloys is disclosed which comprises continuously monitoring the ingot casting rate and continuously adding a measured and controlled amount of molten lithium beneath the surface of a molten aluminum stream as it flows toward an ingot casting station. The amount of molten lithium to be added is based on the ingot casting rate, the ingot size and the lithium content of the alloy being cast.

Abstract: An evaporation source designed so that two or more materials to be evaporated are heated to evaporate by respective heaters, as well as method of using such an evaporation source are disclosed. The evaporation source further includes means for detecting the temperature of the slowly evaporating material and means for controlling the heaters on the basis of the detected temperature. The method of using this evaporation source comprises controlling the temperature of the slowly evaporating material in order to control the temperature of the evaporation source in such a manner that the respective materials are simultaneously heated to evaporate and deposit a film on a substrate.

Abstract: Rapid solidification processing by liquid quenching is made practical for multiphase alloys having relatively large liquidus-solidus temperature intervals by a new processing technique termed "melt mix reaction" involving chemically reacting two starting alloys in a mixing nozzle in which a melt mix reaction takes place between the chemically reactable components of the starting alloys to form submicron particles of the resultant compound in the final alloy. The mixing and chemical reaction is performed at a temperature which is at or above the highest liquidus temperature of the starting alloys but which is also substantially below the liquidus temperature of the final alloy, and as close to the solidus temperature of the final alloy as possible.

Abstract: A method of producing copper-chromium fusion alloys having a chromium content of at least 25% by mass and at most 60% by mass with a homogeneous macrostructure without lattice defects and without shrink holes or pipes, which can be used as contact material for vacuum power switches with breaking currents exceeding 10kA. According to the invention, during fusing of the starting material to the fusion alloy a superheating to at least 2000.degree. C. is obtained at least in a partial zone of the instantaneous melt volume. Thereafter the melt is cooled at a cooling rate such that no primary Cr precipitation or segregation occurs.

Abstract: A method for adding alloying elements having relatively low boiling points to base metal shaving relatively high melting points. The base metal is combined with the melting point-lowering metal; or metalloid and to this mixture is added the desired alloying metal or metals. No special equipment is required for this method.

Abstract: A composite material made of a matrix of a first metal and reinforcing first particles with average particle diameter less than or equal to about ten microns dispersed in the first metal matrix, with the reinforcing first particles each having a composite structure, being made up of a plurality of fine second particles of a ceramic made by reacting together a second metal and a gas and being combined with one another by a matrix of a third metal.

Abstract: A fiber-reinforced metal composite material comprising a metal or alloy as the matrix and an inorganic fiber as the reinforcing material, characterized in that at least one element selected from the group consisting of tin, cadmium and antimony in the form of simple substance or organic or inorganic compound is incorporated into the matrix metal in an amount of 0.0005 to 10% by weight (calculated in terms of the element) so as to enhance the mechanical strength of the composite material.

Abstract: A thermally stable, non-staining, silver and gold free, palladium-based dental alloy for use with the porcelain fused-to-metal technique, said alloy containing specified minor amounts of cobalt, gallium and ruthenium, iridium or rhenium, and the method for preparing the alloy are disclosed herein.

Abstract: A lead based alloy for electrode supports of a lead-acid storage cell, the alloy containing between 0.05% and 4% antimony between 0.02% and 0.3% magnesium, and no barium. The magnesium permits a reduced antimony content, thereby reducing the corrosion, self-discharge, and hydrogen-releasing overvoltage problems caused by the presence of antimony in electrode supports, without adversely affecting the beneficial mechanical properties provided by antimony. It is essential to have no barium, which causes cracking and high mass corrosion of the alloy during use in a lead-acid cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for obtaining metallic alloys, to be used particularly in the field of dentistry.This method allows to accomplish a basic face-centered cubic lattice adapted to form the alloys, in which a homogeneous distribution of the atoms of the different elements is obtained, by precisely determining the number of atoms of each element forming the alloy, in close numerical relationship with the number of atoms of the other elements; it also allows the achievement of a plurality of alloys consisting of at least three among the following elements: gold, platinum, palladium, silver and copper, these alloys respecting the physico-chemical specifications necessary in the particular field of dentistry.

Abstract: In the production of alloys, particularly Al alloys, by a continuous casting process a supplementary alloy stream is continuously fed into a main metal stream running to the casting mould. The supplementary alloy stream preferably amounts to 1-20% of the main metal stream and has a liquidus temperature above the temperature of the main metal stream so that on contact with the main metal stream, intermetallic phases are precipitated very rapidly as a result of the high chill rates.This mode of casting reduces the risk of coarse primary particles when casting alloys of high alloying element content. The supplementary alloy stream need not be based on the same metal as the main metal stream. The method is considered suitable for the addition of various metals, such as Zr, Mn, Cu, Fe, to aluminium and aluminium alloys to overcome a variety of difficulties and to produce alloy products of improved properties.

Abstract: A reuseable collector for use in a process for the bulk production of alloy by deposition from the vapor phase. The collector employs a coating of solder alloy on the deposition surface such that after deposition has been completed the solder alloy may be melted and the deposited alloy removed from the collector without the necessity of destroying the collector.

Abstract: A composite material including matrix metal and ceramic surface - metallic core fine powder material is disclosed, composed of fine particles each having a metallic core and a ceramic surface layer, in which the average value of the ratio of the thickness of the surface layer of a powder particle to the radius of the particle is substantially greater than 0.05, dispersed within a matrix of matrix metal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of chalcogenide alloys in high purity which comprises providing a solution mixture of oxides of the desired chalcogens, and subsequently subjecting this mixture to a simultaneous coreduction reaction.

Abstract: A method for achieving both improved high strength and improved ductility in intermediate phases is provided. The method, briefly stated, comprises the steps of providing a melt whose composition substantially corresponds to that of a preselected intermetallic phase having a crystal structure of the L1.sub.2 type, such as nickel aluminide, modified with from about 0.01 to 2.5 atomic percent boron, and rapidly solidifying the melt at a cooling rate of at least about 10.sup.3 .degree. C./second to form a solid body, the principal phase of which is of the L1.sub.2 type crystal structure in either its ordered or disordered state.