Abstract: Provided are a sputtering target composed of a Cu—Ga sintered compact that has a further reduced oxygen content and can suppress abnormal discharges, and a method for producing the same. The sintered compact has a component composition containing a Ga content of 20 at % or higher and less than 30 at % with the balance being Cu and inevitable impurities, and has an oxygen content of 100 ppm or lower and an average grain size of 100 ?m or less, and exhibits the diffraction peaks assigned to the ? and ? phases of CuGa as observed in X-ray diffraction, wherein the main peak intensity of the diffraction peaks assigned to the ? phase is 10% or higher relative to that of the diffraction peaks assigned to the ? phase.

Abstract: A process for production of a PGM (platinum group metal)-enriched alloy containing iron and PGM(s) (platinum, palladium and/or rhodium) includes steps of: (1) providing a sulfur-free PGM collector alloy, (2) providing a copper- and sulfur-free material capable of forming a molten slag-type composition including silicon dioxide and magnesium and/or calcium oxide, (3) melting the PGM collector alloy and slag-forming material within a converter until a multi-phase system of a lower high-density molten mass of PGM collector alloy and an upper low-density molten mass of slag-type composition has formed, (4) contacting an oxidizing gas with the lower high-density molten mass of step (3) until conversion of the PGM collector alloy into a PGM-enriched alloy, (5) separating an upper molten slag formed in step (4) from the PGM-enriched alloy by difference in density, (6) allowing the separated molten masses to cool down and solidify, and (7) collecting the solidified PGM-enriched alloy.

Abstract: A bearing steel material which contains 0.8-1.1 mass % C, 0.15-0.8 mass % Si, 0.1-1.0 mass % Mn, 1.3-1.8 mass % Cr, up to 0.05 mass % P (0 mass % is excluded), up to 0.015 mass % S (0 mass % excluded), 0.0002-0.005 mass % Al, 0.0002-0.0020 mass % Ca, 0.0005-0.010 mass % Ti, up to 0.0080 mass % N (0 mass % is excluded), and up to 0.0025 mass % O (0 mass % is excluded). The steel material contains oxide inclusions which have an average composition that comprises, in terms of mass %, 20-50% CaO, 20-50% Al2O3, 20-70% SiO2, and 3-10% TiO2.

Abstract: An induction furnace comprising a upper furnace vessel; an induction coil positioned below the upper furnace vessel; and a melt-containing vessel positioned inside the induction coil and communicably connected to the upper furnace vessel, wherein the positioning of the melt-containing vessel inside the induction coil defines a gap between an outside surface of the melt-containing vessel and an inside surface of the induction coil. A system for direct-chill casting comprising at least one an induction furnace; at least one in-line filter operable to remove impurities in molten metal; at least one gas source coupled to a feed port associated with the gas; and at least one device for solidifying metal by casting. A method of cooling an induction furnace comprising introducing a gas into a gap between an induction coil and a melt-containing vessel positioned inside the induction coil; and circulating the gas through the gap.

Abstract: A method of depositing a multi-layer cladding (40) of superalloy material and an apparatus so formed. A first layer of material (20) is deposited on a substrate (22) such as by laser cladding of superalloy powder (54). The deposited material includes a directionally solidified region (24) and a topmost equiaxed region (26). The topmost region is removed such as by grinding to expose a flat surface (28) of directionally solidified material. A second layer of material (32) deposited onto the exposed flat surface will again have a directionally solidified region (34) and a topmost equiaxed region (36). The process is repeated until a desired thickness of cladding material is achieved, the multi-layer cladding having no equiaxed material between its layers throughout its thickness.

Abstract: Identifying a stable phase of a binary alloy comprising a solute element and a solvent element. In one example, at least two thermodynamic parameters associated with grain growth and phase separation of the binary alloy are determined, and the stable phase of the binary alloy is identified based on the first thermodynamic parameter and the second thermodynamic parameter, wherein the stable phase is one of a stable nanocrystalline phase, a metastable nanocrystalline phase, and a non-nanocrystalline phase.

Abstract: Methods for synthesizing metal nanoparticles and the nanoparticles so produced are provided. The methods include addition of surfactant to a novel reagent complex between zero-valent metal and a hydride. The nanoparticles produced by the method include oxide-free, zero-valent tin nanoparticles useful in fabricating a battery electrode.

Abstract: Electrodes employing as active material metal nanoparticles synthesized by a novel route are provided. The nanoparticle synthesis is facile and reproducible, and provides metal nanoparticles of very small dimension and high purity for a wide range of metals. The electrodes utilizing these nanoparticles thus may have superior capability. Electrochemical cells employing said electrodes are also provided.

Abstract: Nanostructured Mn—Al, Mn—Al—C permanent magnets are disclosed. The magnets have high coercivities (about 4.8 kOe and 5.2 kOe) and high magnetization values. An intennetallic composition includes a ternary transition metal modified manganese aluminum alloy Mn—Al—Fe, Mn—Al—Ni, or Mn—Al—Co having at least about 80% of a magnetic ? phase and permanent magnetic properties. The alloy may have a saturation magnetization value of at least 96 emu/g with approximately 5% ternary transition metal replacing Al. The alloy may also have a saturation magnetization value of at least 105 emu/g with 10% ternary transition metal replacing Al.

Abstract: Methods of producing metal nanowires, compositions, and articles are disclosed. Such methods allow production of metal nanowires with reproducibly uniform diameter and length, even in the presence of catalyst concentration variation. Such metal nanowires are useful for electronics applications.

Abstract: There are provided a manufacturing method of a casting capable of easily manufacturing a casting having a complex form and of increasing the degree of freedom of form of the casting to be manufactured, a manufacturing device thereof and a casting. At the time of forming a casting by drawing out molten metal from a bath surface of a molten metal bath and solidifying the molten metal which has been drawn out, an outer contour unit configured from a plurality of outer contour defining members for defining the outer contour of a casting is arranged in a region between the bath surface of the molten meth bath and a solid region where the molten metal is solidified and the molten metal which has been drawn out from the bath surface is drawn out through a region determined by the outer contour unit, and the form of the casting is changed by moving at least one of the plurality of outer contour defining members according to the drawing out of the molten metal.

Abstract: Occurrence of a casting defect in a cast-metal object is suppressed, and a crystal structure of the cast-metal object is made fine. When a cast-metal object is to be produced by using a casting mold, a metal material generating a free crystal during solidification is melted first. Subsequently, a molten metal including a melted metal material is poured into the casting mold. While the free crystal in the molten metal is deposited on a surface of the casting mold, the molten metal is solidified in the casting mold. Through the above steps, the molten metal is solidified in the casting mold, and the cast-metal object is produced.

Abstract: There are provided a strength evaluation method of a die casting product capable of appropriately evaluating the strength of the die casting product, and a die casting product in which the strength is evaluated by the strength evaluation method. A breakage test is performed by a simple strength tester after casting, and then, a strength reduction ratio is estimated based on an area ratio of cold flakes in a broken surface obtained by broken surface observation. Alternatively, ultrasonic flaw detection is performed for an internal defect in a predetermined range of a high stress portion of the die casting product, calculated by stress analysis in advance, and the die casting product is evaluated to have a predetermined strength when a defect ratio obtained by dividing a total area of the internal defect in the predetermined range by a total defect detection area is less than or equal to a predetermined value.

Abstract: A pivotable tundish (1) for continuous casting a metal alloy. The tundish comprises a body (3) comprising a first chamber (5), a second chamber (7), a first passage (12) between the first chamber and the second chamber, and a second passage (16) between the second chamber and a mold (9). The first chamber is adapted to receive and hold a base metal constituting the base for forming the metal alloy by addition of alloying elements. The metal alloy is fed from the second chamber to the mold through the second passage. The second chamber further comprises a first portion (30) and a second portion (32), and a third passage (36) between the first portion and the second portion. In the casting state the metal alloy is formed while casting by adding the alloying elements to the second portion of the second chamber.

Abstract: A device comprising a magnetic element, which comprises a magnetic material, wherein the magnetic element is adapted to absorb hydrogen to form hydride. The magnetic aspect of the system enhances the hydrogen storage. Also disclosed is a metal hydride element comprising a magnetic material and absorbed hydrogen. The magnetic element and the metal hydride element can be an electrode. Further disclosed are methods for making and using the electrode.

Abstract: In order to provide a nonmagnetic material for producing parts or coatings adapted for highly wear and corrosion intensive applications, said material comprising preformed particles made of tungsten carbide which are embedded in a metal phase made of a Ni-based alloy. It is suggested that the weight portion of said tungsten carbide particles is in the range between 30 wt. % and 65 wt. % and wherein the Ni-based alloy is a Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum alloy comprising: (in wt. %): Cr 11.0,-30.0? Mo 5.0-25.0? Fe ?0-10.0 B 0-5.0 Co 0-2.

Abstract: Provided in one embodiment is a method of identifying a stable phase of an ordering binary alloy system comprising a solute element and a solvent element, the method comprising: determining at least three thermodynamic parameters associated with grain boundary segregation, phase separation, and intermetallic compound formation of the ordering binary alloy system; and identifying the stable phase of the ordering binary alloy system based on the first thermodynamic parameter, the second thermodynamic parameter and the third thermodynamic parameter by comparing the first thermodynamic parameter, the second thermodynamic parameter and the third thermodynamic parameter with a predetermined set of respective thermodynamic parameters to identify the stable phase; wherein the stable phase is one of a stable nanocrystalline phase, a metastable nanocrystalline phase, and a non-nanocrystalline phase.

Abstract: A casting system for molding metal. The casting system has a mold comprising a cavity in a predefined shape. A riser in flow communication with the mold wherein the riser provides molten metal to said cavity as the molten metal freezes. A riser breaker insert is between the mold and the riser wherein the riser breaker insert comprises voids. A molten metal supply is provided which is capable of filling the mold and the voids of said riser breaker insert and at least partially filling the riser.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, an electrode may include at least one layer including a chemical compound including aluminum and titanium.

Abstract: A platinum plus chromium coating applied to the roots and firtrees of turbine blades where the inclusion of chromium creates a single phase outer zone which minimises diffusion paths for sulphur which can preferentially diffuse down phase boundaries and enables a chromium rich outer oxide scale to form on top of the coating.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing castings are described. The method can include heating a ceramic mold comprising a gate inlet, and melting a metallic composition. The method can also include presenting the ceramic mold to a casting station such that the gate inlet is in fluid communication with the molten metallic composition, and casting against gravity the molten metallic composition into the heated mold through the gate inlet. Furthermore, the method can include rotating the mold to position with the gate inlet in an upward direction while the metallic composition is at least partially molten within the mold, and quenching the molten metallic composition in a liquid quench medium to solidify the molten metallic composition within the mold.

Abstract: The present invention relates to metals and matrix composites and methods of manufacture. A method of refining a metal oxide is shown. A method of forming a carbon nanotube metal matrix composite is shown using a metal oxide and an amount of carbon nanotubes. Processing is carried out using wave energy radiation such as microwave radiation. In some methods, processing is carried out while substantially isolated from external oxygen sources such as ambient air.

Abstract: A ceramic casting vessel (92) including an insert (94) extending between a shell (91) and a core (93) of the vessel to define a cooling channel of an alloy component cast therein. The insert may include a portion (96) running generally parallel to a surface of the shell to define a cooling channel running generally parallel to a surface of the component. Ends of the insert may be disposed in respective grooves (95, 97) formed in the shell and/or core.

Abstract: Nanowire preparation methods, compositions, and articles are disclosed. Such methods which reduce metal ions to metal nanowires in the presence complexes comprising metal-metal bonds, are capable of producing long, narrow, nanowires useful for electronics and optical applications.

Abstract: Methods of producing metal nanowires, compositions, and articles are disclosed. Such methods allow production of metal nanowires with reproducibly uniform diameter and length, even in the presence of catalyst concentration variation. Such metal nanowires are useful for electronics applications.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to shaped transition metal particles, in particular in the form of a dispersion in an aqueous and/or organic medium, the manufacture thereof and their use as an infrared (IR) absorbing agent, an IR curing agent for coatings, an additive in conductive formulations, an antimicrobial agent or for sensoring organic and/or inorganic compounds. Further, the invention relates to dispersions comprising said shaped particles and an aqueous and/or organic medium, such as a thermoplastic or crosslinkable polymer, as well as to antimicrobial compositions and products.

Abstract: A three-plate die casting tool has a gating system, and a gating system is used in the tool. The tool includes a gating cone, at least one gating distributor channel connected with the gating cone, as well as at least one gating sprue connected with the at least one gating distributor channel. The gating cone makes a transition into at least one gating distributor channel that deflects the casting material capable of flow. The gating distributor channel opens into a kind of central gating distributor location, from which multiple gating re-distributor channels proceed, which make a transition, in each instance, into at least one, preferably only one gating sprue that deflects the casting material capable of flow. The gating sprues form the connection or the entry to the cast component.

Abstract: A process for producing particle-reinforced composite materials through utilization of an in situ reaction to produce a uniform dispersion of a fine particulate reinforcement phase. The process includes forming a melt of a first material, and then introducing particles of a second material into the melt and subjecting the melt to high-intensity acoustic vibration. A chemical reaction initiates between the first and second materials to produce reaction products in the melt. The reaction products comprise a solid particulate phase, and the high-intensity acoustic vibration fragments and/or separates the reaction products into solid particles that are dispersed in the melt and are smaller than the particles of the second material. Also encompassed are particle-reinforced composite materials produced by such a process.

Abstract: A circuit board material includes an electrical resistance material layer having a preselected resistivity adhered to the support layer, and a barrier layer adhered to the electrical resistive layer, and a conductive layer adhered to the barrier layer, wherein the barrier layer is plated on the conductive material such that the resistance of the subsequently applied resistive layer does not vary substantially during exposure to printed circuit board processing chemistries. The process for making the material is directed to adjusting the electro deposition of the barrier layer by using the time for etching the resistive layer of the circuit board material in a standard etching bath.

Abstract: A high-temperature die casting die includes a first die plate with a first recess and a second die plate with a second recess, the first and second recesses defining a main part cavity and gating. A grain selector is in fluid communication with the main cavity, and an in situ zone refining apparatus is adapted to apply a localized thermal gradient to at least one of the first and second die plates. The localized thermal gradient and the at least one die plate are movable relative to each other so as to apply the localized thermal gradient along a first direction extending from the grain selector longitudinally across the main part cavity.

Abstract: An embodiment of a metallic table constructed with a Non-Flammable Substrate 101 used as the internal structure for a Metallic Table Top 201, including a Metallic Table Apron 301. The Metallic Table Apron 301 may be joined to the Metallic Table Top 201 by welding, brazing, or other methods without causing damage or ignition to the Non-Flammable Substrate 101. The Metallic Table Apron 301 increases the visible thickness and decorative variety of a metallic table for decorative purposes without obtrusively increasing the weight or manufacturing cost of a metallic table.

Abstract: An electroconductive material that includes a metal component containing a first metal and a second metal having a higher melting point than the first metal, and has a configuration in which the first metal is Sn or an alloy containing Sn, and the second metal is a Cu—Cr alloy which forms, with the first metal, an intermetallic compound exhibiting a melting point of 310° C. or higher. The first metal can be Sn alone or an alloy containing Sn and at least one of Cu, Ni, Ag, Au, Sb, Zn, Bi, In, Ge, Al, Co, Mn, Fe, Cr, Mg, Pd, Si, Sr, Te, and P.

Abstract: An electroconductive material that includes a metal component containing a first metal and a second metal having a higher melting point than the first metal, and has a configuration in which the first metal is Sn or an alloy containing Sn, and the second metal is a Cu—Al alloy which forms, with the first metal, an intermetallic compound exhibiting a melting point of 310° C. or higher. The first metal can be Sn alone or an alloy containing Sn and at least one of Cu, Ni, Ag, Au, Sb, Zn, Bi, In, Ge, Al, Co, Mn, Fe, Cr, Mg, Pd, Si, Sr, Te, and P.

Abstract: A vehicle structure component reinforced by means of an area, a vehicle including such a vehicle structure component, and a corresponding method to reinforce a vehicle structure component are proposed. The area includes a compressive residual stress in a first direction and a compressive or tensile residual stress in a second direction being vertically aligned to the first direction, wherein the ratio of the compressive stress in the first direction and the compressive or tensile residual stress lies between ?0.2 and +1.0. Hence, the propagation direction of cracks in such areas is diverted, faster pressure equalization takes place, and further crack propagation is inhibited.

Abstract: A casting method and apparatus are provided for casting a near-net shape article, such as for example a gas turbine engine blade or vane having a variable cross-section along its length. A molten metallic melt is provided in a heated mold having an article-shaped mold cavity with a shape corresponding to that of the article to be cast. The melt-containing mold and mold heating furnace are relatively moved to withdraw the melt-containing mold from the furnace through an active cooling zone where cooling gas is directed against the exterior of the mold to actively extract heat. At least one of the mold withdrawal rate, the cooling gas mass flow rate, and mold temperature are adjusted at the active cooling zone as the melt-containing mold is withdrawn through the active cooling zone to produce an equiaxed grain microstructure along at least a part of the length of the article.

Abstract: Electrode catalysts for fuel cells, a method of manufacturing the same, a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) including the same, and a fuel cell including the MEA are provided. The electrode catalysts include a first catalyst alloy containing palladium (Pd), cobalt (Co), and phosphorus (P), a second catalyst alloy containing palladium (Pd) and phosphorus (P), and a carbon-based support to support the catalysts.

Abstract: The invention relates to biodegradable iron alloy-containing compositions for use in preparing medical devices. In addition, biodegradable crystalline and amorphous compositions of the invention exhibit properties that make them suitable for use as medical devices for implantation into a body of a patient. The compositions include elemental iron and one or more elements selected from manganese, magnesium, zirconium, zinc and calcium. The compositions can be prepared using a high energy milling technique. The resulting compositions and the devices formed therefrom are useful in various surgical procedures, such as but not limited to orthopedic, craniofacial and cardiovascular.

Abstract: Provided are an alloy production method that may easily distribute a compound in a matrix of an alloy while maintaining the quality of a molten metal, and an alloy produced by the same. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the method includes forming a molten metal in which a mother alloy including at least one kind of first compound and a casting metal are melted, and casting the molten metal, wherein the mother alloy is a magnesium mother alloy or aluminum mother alloy.

Abstract: The invention relates to a generative production method for producing a component by selectively melting and/or sintering a powder several times consecutively by introducing an amount of heat by means of beam energy, such that the powder particles melt and/or sinter in layers, wherein the powder particles (1) are made of a first material (2) and the powder particles are surrounded by a second material (3) partially or over the entire surface thereof, wherein the second material has a lower melting point than the first material and/or lowers the melting point of the first material when mixed with the first material. The invention further relates to a corresponding powder and to a prototype produced from said powder.

Abstract: High modulus turbine shafts and high modulus cylindrical articles are described as are the process parameters for producing these shafts and cylindrical articles. The shafts/articles have a high Young's modulus as a result of having high modulus <111> crystal texture along the longitudinal axis of the shaft/article. The shafts are produced from directionally solidified seeded <111> single crystal cylinders that are axisymmetrically hot worked before a limited recrystallization process is carried out at a temperature below the recrystallization temperature of the alloy. The disclosed process produces an intense singular <111> texture and results in shaft or cylindrical article with a Young's modulus that is at least 40% greater than that of conventional nickel or iron alloys or conventional steels.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method of producing a segmented 1D nanostructure. The method includes providing a vessel containing a template wherein on one side of the template is a first metal reagent solution and on the other side of the template is a reducing agent solution, wherein the template comprises at least one pore; allowing a first segment of a 1D nanostructure to grow within a pore of the template until a desired length is reached; replacing the first metal reagent solution with a second metal reagent solution; allowing a second segment of a 1D nanostructure to grow from the first segment until a desired length is reached, wherein a segmented 1D nanostructure is produced.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the production of a casting comprises: pouring molten material into a mould for forming the casting; allowing the molten material to solidify; removing the mould at least in part from the resulting solidified casting; and locating the solidified casting in a chamber 10 that completely surrounds and facilitates a controlled rate of cooling of the casting.

Abstract: One embodiment provides a method of making a coating composition, the method comprising: contacting a first material comprising at least one first alloy comprising at least a first element and a second element with an interior surface of a second hollow material comprising at least one ferrous second alloy to form a preform; and heating at least a portion of the preform to promote intermixing of at least some of the first material and the second material to form the coating composition.

Abstract: Processes by which bulk forms can be produced in a single continuous operation, as opposed to multi-stage deformation processes that involve a series of separate and discrete deformation operations or stages. Such processes generally entail deforming a solid body using a large-strain extrusion machining technique and deformation conditions that obtain a predetermined crystallographic texture in the continuous bulk form that differs from the crystallographic texture of the solid body.

Abstract: A method of processing a casting is described. The method comprises removing a mold from a cast metal part without cold working surfaces of the cast metal part and thermally treating the cast metal part. The method can further comprise finishing the surfaces of the cast metal part after thermally treating such that any cold working of the surfaces of the cast metal part occurs after thermally treating such that no recast layer is formed in the cast metal part.

Abstract: Provided in one embodiment is an article, the article comprising: a material, which adjusts at least one surface property in response to a climate condition to affect energy exchange between the exterior and the interior of the article. Another embodiment provides a structure, comprising: a building facade envelope, comprising a material: wherein the envelope adjusts at least one surface property in response to a climate condition, to affect energy exchange between the exterior and the interior of the envelope.

Abstract: Nanowire preparation methods, compositions, and articles are disclosed. Such nanowires may be thicker than other nanowires and may be useful in devices requiring high electrical current densities.

Abstract: Methods of producing metal nanowires, compositions, and articles are disclosed. Such methods allow production of metal nanowires with reproducibly uniform diameter and length, even in the presence of catalyst concentration variation. Such metal nanowires are useful for electronics applications.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a semi-solidified metal has a heating device which heats a metal material, a vessel, a cooling device which cools the vessel, and a pouring device which pours the metal material into the vessel. The vessel has a hollow member which configures a wall of the vessel and is opened at both of the upper and lower ends and into which the metal material is poured from the upper opening, and a bottom member which closes the lower opening of the hollow member and configures the bottom of the vessel. The cooling speed of the metal material by the bottom member is faster than the cooling speed of the metal material by the hollow member.

Abstract: The present invention relates to tailored materials, particularly metals and alloys, and methods of making such materials. The new compositions of matter exhibit long-range ordering and unique electronic character.