Abstract: The present invention provides a non-oriented electrical steel sheet having ultra-high magnetic flux density and low core loss, characterized by: comprising a steel containing, in terms of wt %, Si: 0.4% or less, Ni: 2.0% to 6.0%, and Mn: 0.5% or less, with the balance consisting of Fe and unavoidable impurities; and having B25, the magnetic flux density under the magnetic field strength of 2500 A/m, of 1.70T or higher and B50, the magnetic flux density under the magnetic field strength of 5000 A/m, of 1.80T or higher.

Abstract: A high-sulfur free-cutting steel which has a chemical composition containing, in mass %, 0.03 to 0.20% C, 0.35% or less Si (including 0%), 0.30 to 2.00% Mn, 0.01 to 0.15% P, 0.35 to 0.65% S 0.0100 to 0.0250% O, 0.020% or less N, 0.005% or less Al (including 0%), 0.02 to 0.20% Nb, and further containing 0.05 to 0.50% V or 0.02 to 0.20% Ti, or both, with the remainder consisting of Fe and unavoidable impurities, wherein sulfide type inclusions, as the principal nonmetallic inclusions contained in the steel, have a mean size of 50 &mgr;m2 or less and are present at the rate of 500 to 1000 inclusions per mm2 in the cross section of the steel. The sulfur-containing free-cutting steel has a good machinability comparable or superior to that of free-cutting steels containing heavy metals which have a deleterious effect on the environment, without requiring the addition of such undesirable heavy metals.

Abstract: A sintered alloy having an improved wear resistance and a workability for a valve seat. The alloy contains iron as a main component, carbon, silicon, chromium, molybdenum, cobalt, maganese, lead, vanadium, advantageously boron nitride, and tungsten. The strength, wear resistance, and material properties are improved by a sub-zero treatment. Sintered alloy with wear resistance used for a valve seat comprises Fe as a main component, C of 1.2 to 1.7 wt %, Cr of 3.5 to 5.0 wt %, Mo of 2.0 to 4.0 wt %, V of 3.0 to 5.0 wt %, W of 7.0 to 10.0 wt %, Co of 2.0 to 3.5 wt %, boron nitride of 0.1 to 1.0 wt %, S of 0.2 to 0.4 wt %, Mn of 0.2 to 0.5 wt %, advantageously 0.2 to 0.6% Si, and Pb of 10.0 to 15.0 wt %. Sintered alloy for an valve seat is manufactured by a sub-zero treatment so that the amount of metallic particles separated from a base matrix decreases and a size of the separated metallic particle becomes small.

Abstract: Disclosed is a corrosion resistant steel having good machinability with sufficient corrosion resistance in the ordinary indoor circumstances and suitable for manufacturing shafts of various small motors and OA-machines. The steel comprises, by weight %, C: 0.005-0.200%, P: up to 0.05%, Cu: up to 2.0%, Ni: up to 2.0%, Cr: 2.0-9.0%, one or both of Ti and Zr: in such an amount as [Ti %]+0.52[Zr %]: 0.03-1.20%, one or both of S: 0.01-0.50% and Se: 0.01-0.40%, N: up to 0.050% and O: up to 0.030%, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities. The steel is characterized by the inclusion therein, which are Ti-based, Zr-based or Ti-Zr-based compound or compounds containing C and one or both of S and Se.

Abstract: There are provided a high-hardness prehardened steel for cold working having excellent machinability containing, by mass, not less than 0.3% but less than 0.5% C, 0.7 to 2.0% Si, and 0.08 to 0.25% S, a die for cold working which is fabricated by cutting this prehardened steel at a cutting speed not less than 50 m/min. This steel is hardened and tempered to have a hardness not less than 50 HRC. Preferably, this steel consists, by mass, not less than 0.3% but less than 0.5% C, 0.7 to 2.0% Si, 0.1 to 2.0% Mn, 0.08 to 0.25% S, 0.5 to 15.0% Cr, at least one selected from the group consisting of W and Mo an amount of which one is not more than 3.5% in total in terms of (Mo+1/2W), not more than 4.0% V, not more than 0.15% N, and the balance Fe and incidental impurities.

Abstract: Disclosed is a free-cutting steel which exhibits good machinability in turning and small roughness of the turned surfaces, and in which substantially no macro-streak-flaw occurs. The free-cutting steel contains, by weight %, C: 0.03-0.20%, Mn: 0.5-3.0%, P: 0.02-0.40%, S: more than 0.2% up to 1.0%, one or both of Ti and Zr (in case of both, the total amount): 0.01-3.0%, O: 0.0005-0.0050% and Pb: less than 0.01%, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities. The steel is characterized in that it contains, as the inclusion therein, Ti-based and/or Zr-based carbosulfide compound or compounds. The steel may further contain at least one from the group of Bi: up to 0.4%, Se: up to 0.5% and Te: up to 0.1%.

Abstract: A wire rod steel superior in straightness, after being subjected to cold drawing. This wire rod steel comprises: C: 0.15 mass % or less (not including 0 mass %), Si: 0.05 mass % or less (including 0 mass %), Mn: 0.3-2 mass %, P: 0.2 mass % or less (including 0 mass %), S: 0.08-0.5 mass %, Al: 0.05 mass % or less (including 0 mass %), N: 0.01 mass % or less (not including 0 mass %), inevitable impurities and Fe as the balance. Its ferrite grain size number of the wire rod steel is No. 11 or less according to ISO 643.

Abstract: Disclosed is a non-heat treated steel for soft niriding, which can provide forged parts exhibiting equal to or larger than the limit strain at which cracks occur in straightening by bending and equal to or larger than the fatigue strength when compared with the parts of conventional heat treated steel, such as S48C. The non-heat treated steel for soft nitriding consists essentially of, by weight, C: 0.2-0.6%, Si: 0.05-1.0%, Mn: 0.25-1.0%, S: 0.03-0.2%, Cr: up to 0.2%, sol-Al: up to 0.045%, Ti: 0.002-0.01%, N: 0.005-0.025%, and O: 0.001-0.005%; provided that the conditions, 0.12[Ti%]<[O%]<2.5[Ti%] and 0.04[N%]<[O%]<0.75[N%], are met; the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities; and the structure after hot forging being a mixed structure of ferrite and pearlite.

Abstract: A machine structure steel superior in chip disposability and mechanical properties which contains sulfide-type inclusions such that those particles of sulfide-type inclusions with major axes not shorter than 5 &mgr;m have an average aspect ratio not larger than 5.2 and which also contains coarse particles of sulfide-type inclusions such that the relation a/b≦0.25 is satisfied, where a denotes the number of particles of sulfide-type inclusions with major axes not shorter than 20 &mgr;m, and b denotes the number of particles of sulfide-type inclusions with major axes not shorter than 5 &mgr;m. The machine structure steel exhibits good chip disposability and mechanical properties despite its freedom from lead.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a steel product for machine structural use having excellent machinability and to a structural steel part for machinery manufactured from the steel product. More particularly, the invention is directed to a steel product for machine structural use having excellent machinability, particularly bringing about excellent “drill life” and exhibiting excellent “chip disposability” in the course of drilling, as well as to a structural steel part for machinery manufactured from the steel product. The steel product for machine structural use has a chemical composition comprising, in mass percent, C: 0.05% to 0.55%; Si: 0.50% to 2.5%; Mn: 0.01% to 2.00%; P: not greater than 0.035%; S: 0.005% to 0.2%; N: not greater than 0.0150%; elements to be added as needed: Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, V, Nb, Ti, B, Al, Bi, Ca, Pb, Te, Nd, and Se; −23C+Si(5−2Si)−4Mn+104S−3Cr−9V+10≧0; 3.2C+0.8Mn+5.2S+0.5Cr−120N+2.

Abstract: Free machining steel for use in machine structures capable of stably and reliably providing excellent machinability (chip disposability and tool life) and mechanical characteristics (transverse direction toughness) comparable, in a Pb free state, with existent Pb-added steels the machining steel being manufactured so as to contain 0.0005 to 0.02 mass % of Mg and provide a distribution index F1 for the sulfide particles defined by the following equation (1) of 0.4 to 0.65 or a distribution index for the sulfide particles defined by the following equation (2) of 1 to 2.

Abstract: A machine structure steel superior in chip disposability and mechanical properties which contains sulfide-type inclusions such that those particles of sulfide-type inclusions with major axes not shorter than 5 &mgr;m have an average aspect ratio not larger than 5.2 and which also contains coarse particles of sulfide-type inclusions such that the following relation is satisfied.

Abstract: A stretched mask having a high tensile strength and favorable high-temperature creep properties and free from tape twist, and a material for the stretched mask. A low-carbon steel sheet containing 70 ppm to 170 ppm of nitrogen on a weight basis is heat-treated at a temperature at which recrystallization does not take place. The heat-treated material is provided with a resist pattern for forming apertures and subjected to etching to form apertures.

Abstract: The application describes a steel composition consisting essentially of Carbon 0.50-0.70 weight % Silicon up to 0.40 weight % Manganese 0.55-1.00 weight % Phosphorus 0.030-0.070 weight % Sulphur 0.055 to 0.110 weight % Chromium up to 0.50 weight % Molybdenum up to 0.10 weight % Nickel up to 0.5 weight % Copper up to 0.50 weight % Aluminium up to 0.050 weight % Optionally, Vanadium sufficient to maintain yield strength Nitrogen up to 0.030 weight %, together with, optionally, lead up to 0.4 weight %, and unavoidable impurities, the balance being iron. This steel composition exhibits mechanical properties which are suitable for use in connecting rods but which provide both good fracture splitting performance and good machinability when compared to C70S6 alloys. The application also refers to a fracture splittable steel including between 0.50 to 0.70 wt % C, 0.55 to 1.00 wt % Mn, 0.030 to 0.070 wt % P and 0.055 to 0.

Abstract: A new technique for producing ferrosilicon free inoculating agents for gray and ductile irons utilizing oxy-sulfide forming elements combined with sulfur and oxygen and 1) mechanically pressed into an insert or tablet for placement into foundry sand molds or 2) a mixture of the same ingredients used as a loose or granular addition to molten iron. The inoculating agent is composed of 15 to 49% silicon, 7 to 22% calcium, 2.5 to 10% sulfur, 2 to 4% oxygen, 2.5 to 7.5% magnesium and 0.5 to 5% aluminum with the balance iron and incidental impurities, wherein the iron is the primary densification agent.

Abstract: A high strength phosphorus-containing steel having fine texture free from the problem of embrittlement by positively using the presence of P, which is a carbon steel having an average ferritic grain diameter of 3 &mgr;m or less and containing from 0.04 to 0.1% by mass of P, wherein the volume fraction of P segregated in the grain boundary accounts for 0.3 or less in case the grain boundary is covered by a P layer 1 nm in thickness.

Abstract: A cold rolled steel sheet having high strength and high formability and having excellent crushing performance can include 0.05-0.40 mass % of C, 1.0-3.0 mass % of Si, 0.6-3.0 mass % of Mn, 0.02-1.5 mass % of Cr, 0.010-0.20 mass % of P and 0.01-0.3 mass % of Al, with the remainder consisting essentially of Fe. The steel sheet includes a ferrite major phase and a minor phase consisting of martensite, acicular ferrite and retained austenite. The cold rolled steel sheet can be used in automobiles.

Abstract: A carbon or low-alloy steel is provided with improved machinability. The carbon content of the steel is less than 1.5% and the sum of the alloy elements contained therein is less than 9%. The steel contains oxide and sulfide inclusions, and the chemical composition of the steel includes 0.1%≦Mn, 0.01%≦Al≦0.05%, 0.025%≦S≦0.3%,0.002%≦Ca, O≦0.0015% by weight; the “KO oxides” cleanness index is less than 30, all the oxides are lime aluminates, and the average calcium content of type 2, type 3, type 4 and type 5 inclusions is less than 30%. A process of manufacturing such steel and an oxide-core wire for its manufacture are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to free-machining steels which do not rely on lead as a means of enhancing machinability. Instead, the steels of the invention employ concentrations of tin, arsenic, and/or antimony at ferrite grain boundaries to replicate a role of lead, which the inventors have discovered, in enhancing machinability. This role is to cause an embrittlement at the localized cutting zone temperatures by changing the fracture mode from transgranular to intergranular at those temperatures. The invention's use of concentrations of tin, arsenic, and/or antimony at the ferrite grain boundaries of the steel permits the machinability-enhancing effect to be obtained while employing bulk contents of tin, arsenic, and/or antimony below the levels at which hot tearing becomes problematic.

Abstract: A non heat-treated steel of high strength, toughness and machinability which can be used in its as-worked state without calling for any special treatment after working. It contains less than 0.05 wt % C, 0.005 to 2.0 wt % Si, 0.5 to 5.0 wt % Mn, 0.1 to 10.0 wt % Ni, more than 1.0 to 4.0 wt % Cu, 0.0002 to 1.0 wt % Al, 0.005 to 0.50 wt % S and 0.0010 to 0.0200 wt % N.

Abstract: A steel for machine structural use which realizes excellent fracture splitability and fatigue strength in its as-hot forged formed articles, and which comprises, based on weight, 0.2 to less than 0.35% of C, 0.1 to 1.1% of Si, 0.1 to less than 0.3% of Mn, 0.01 to 0.2% of P, 0.01 to 0.2% of S, greater than 0.2 to 0.5% of V, 0.01 to 0.1% of Ti, 0.005 to 0.02% of N and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities. The steel further comprises, if necessary, one or at least two of the following elements in the following amount or amounts: 0.005 to 0.05% of Al and/or 0.05 to 0.5% of Nb, 0.1 to 0.5% of Cr and 0.1 to 0.5% of Mo.

Abstract: A steel for machine structural use, essentially having the following chemical composition:C: 0.45-0.60 wt %,Si: 0.50-2.00 wt %,Mn: 0.10-0.30 (0.30 not inclusive) wt %,P: 0.01-0.10 wt %,S: 0.01-0.20 wt %,V: 0.08-0.15 wt %, andN: 0.0020-0.0050 (0.0050 not inclusive) wt %. The remainder is Fe and impurities inevitably included. The inner structure of the steel is a ferrite-pearlite structure.

Abstract: The invention relates to free-machining steels which do not rely on lead as a means of enhancing machinability. Instead, the steels of the invention employ concentrations of tin at ferrite grain boundaries to replicate a role of lead, which the inventors have discovered, in enhancing machinability. This role is to cause an embrittlement at the localized cutting zone temperatures by changing the fracture mode from transgranular to intergranular at those temperatures. The invention's use of concentrations of tin at the ferrite grain boundaries of the steel permits the machinability-enhancing effect to be obtained while employing bulk tin contents below the levels at which hot tearing becomes problematic. The invention improves over lead-bearing, free-machining steels in that the machinability-enhancing embrittlement produced by concentrating tin at the ferrite grain boundaries is both controllable and reversible.

Abstract: The present invention provides an Fe-based alloy foil for liquid phase diffusion bonding of Fe-based material by enabling bonding in oxidizing atmospheres at relatively high bonding temperatures to minimize thermal influence on the base material (the material to be bonded) and, thereby, ensures production of a bonded joint having a uniform microstructure and a good bonded joint strength and enables reduction in the bonding time. The Fe-based alloy foil contains, as essential elements, one of 1.0 to 20.0% P and 1.0 to 20.0% B, 1.0 to 20.0% Si, and 0.1 to 20.0% V, in terms of atomic percentage, the balance substantially of Fe and unavoidable impurities, and has a thickness of 3.0 to 100 .mu.m. Alternatively, the Fe-based alloy foil contains, as essential elements, 1.0 to 20.0% P, 1.0 to 20.0% Si, and 0.1 to 20.0% V, and 1.0 to 20.0% B, in terms of atomic percentage, the balance substantially of Fe and unavoidable impurities, and has a thickness of 3.0 to 200 .mu.m.

Abstract: A steel material is useful for producing the upper part of engine pistons with high wear, corrosion and heat resistance. This steel has the following composition (in % by weight): 1.20 to 150 Mn; 0.50 to 0.80 Si; 0.35 to 0.40 C; 0.10 to 0.50 Mo; 0.08 to 0.13 V; 0.010 to 0.065 S; 0.015 to 0.050 Al; .ltoreq.0.035 P, the remainder being iron and production impurities.

Abstract: Steel for the manufacture of molds for injection molding of plastics, wherein its chemical composition contains, by weight: 0.35%.ltoreq.C.ltoreq.0.5%, 0%.ltoreq.Si.ltoreq.0.5%, 0.2%.ltoreq.Mn.ltoreq.2.5%, 0%.ltoreq.Ni.ltoreq.4%, 0%.ltoreq.Cr.ltoreq.4%, 0%.ltoreq.Mo+W/2.ltoreq.2%, 0%.ltoreq.Cu.ltoreq.1%, 0%.ltoreq.V+Nb/2+Ta/4.ltoreq.0.5%, 0.005%.ltoreq.Al.ltoreq.0.2%, 0%.ltoreq.B.ltoreq.0.015%, 0%.ltoreq.Ti+Zr/2.ltoreq.0.3%, 0%.ltoreq.S+Se+Te .ltoreq.0.2%, 0%.ltoreq.Pb+Bi.ltoreq.0.2%, 0%.ltoreq.Ca.ltoreq.0.1%, the remainder being iron and impurities resulting from the production, the analysis simultaneously satisfying the following relationships: Cr+3.times.(Mo+W/2)+10.times.(V+Nb/2+Ta/4).gtoreq.1, R=3.8.times.C+10.times.Si+3.3.times.Mn+2.4.times.Ni+1.4.times.(Cr+Mo+W/2). ltoreq.11, Qu=3.8.times.C+1.1.times.Mn+0.7.times.Ni+0.6.times.Cr+1.6.times.(Mo+W/2)+k B.gtoreq.3, with kB=0.5 if B.gtoreq.0.0005% and kB=0 if not, and: R.ltoreq.Max(2.33.times.Qu-1, 0.9.times.Qu+4).

Abstract: Steel useful for the manufacture of a separable mechanical component, whose chemical composition preferably comprises, by weight: 0.25%.ltoreq.C.ltoreq.0.75%, 0.2%.ltoreq.Si.ltoreq.1.5%, 0.1%.ltoreq.Mn.ltoreq.2%, 0%.ltoreq.Ni.ltoreq.1%, 0%.ltoreq.Cr.ltoreq.1%, 0%.ltoreq.Mo.ltoreq.1%, 0%.ltoreq.Cu.ltoreq.1%, 0%.ltoreq.V.ltoreq.0.2%, 0.02%.ltoreq.S.ltoreq.0.35%, 0.04%.ltoreq.P.ltoreq.0.2%, 0%.ltoreq.Al.ltoreq.0.005%, 0.005%.ltoreq.N.ltoreq.0.02%; optionally at least one element taken from lead, tellurium and selenium in contents of less than 0.1%, the balance being iron and impurities resulting from the smelting, the steel being optionally treated with calcium. Use of the steel for the manufacture of a separable component and component obtained.

Abstract: A source powder for a wear-resistant sintered material, consisting essentially of, in weight percentages, Cr: 3.0 to 6.0%, 2 Mo+W: 10.0 to 20.0%, V: 1.0 to 8.0%, Co: 10.0% or below, C: 0.20% to {0.01(2 Mo+W)+0.24 V}%, Si: 0.1 to 1.0%, Mn: 0.1 to 1.0% and the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities, or one prepared by adding 0.10 to 0.8% of S to the above composition. This powder can be compacted into a green compact having a high green density, which can further give a wear-resistant sintered material having a high sintered density, hardness and strength.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cold-rolled steel sheet and a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having good bake hardenability, non-aging properties at room temperature and good formability and a process for producing the same. An extra low carbon steel or an extra low carbon steel containing at least one element selected from Ti and Nb is annealed at a temperature of not lower than the AC.sub.3 transformation point to bring the structure after annealing to a structure of low-temperature transformation products. This makes it possible to provide a steel sheet that has a combination of high paint-bake hardenability and non-aging properties at room temperature and is excellent also in formability in respect of average r value (deep drawability) and elongation (punch stretchability). In particular, with respect to paint-bake hardenability, a BH property on a high level up to about 10 kgf/mm.sup.

Abstract: A precipitation hardening steel excellent in machinability, toughness (10J/cm.sup.2 or above), hardness (HRC43 or above) after aging treatment and suitable to a metallic mold for plastics, which consists by weight percentage of C: 0.05-0.18%, Si:0.15-1.00%, Mn:1.0-2.0%, Ni:2.5-3.5%, Cr:0.7-2.0%, Al:0.5-1.5%, Cu:0.7-1.7%, Mo:0.1-0.4%, S:0.05-0.35%, and the balannce of Fe, and H-value obtained through the following equation indicates zero or a positive value:H=(3.843 Mn+4.378 Cr.sup.0.58)-(4.220 S+8.

Abstract: A martensitic hot work tool steel die block for use in the manufacture of die casting die components and other hot work tooling components and a method for manufacturing the same. The article has a hardness within the range of 35 to 50 HRC and a minimum transverse Charpy V-notch impact toughness of 5 foot pounds when heat treated to a hardness of 44 to 46 HRC and when tested at both 72.degree. F. and 600.degree. F. The article is a hot worked, heat treated and fully dense consolidated mass of prealloyed particles of the composition, in weight percent, 0.32 to 0.45 carbon, 0.20 to 2.00 manganese, 0.05 to 0.30 sulfur, up to 0.03 phosphorous, 0.80 to 1.20 silicon, 4.75 to 5.70 chromium, 1.10 to 1.75 molybdenum, 0.80 to 1.20 vanadium, and balance iron. The alloy may be any conventional wrought AISI hot work tool steel or wrought maraging or precipitation-hardening steel having 0.05 to 0.30 percent sulfur, and having sulfide particles which exhibit a maximum size of 50 microns in their longest dimension.

Abstract: An ultralow yield strength steel consisting of: from 0.01 to 0.25 wt % of hexagonal boron nitride particles having an average diameter of from 1 to 30 .mu.m; and the balance consisting of iron and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: Ultrafine particles of Fe-Co-P material with a Fe/Co atomic ratio of from 95/5 to 70/30 and a (Fe+Co)/P atomic ratio of from 85/15 to 60/40 show improved ferromagnetic properties. The average particle size is from 0.005 to 0.1 .mu.m. Such ultrafine particles are prepared through gas phase reaction by evaporating a source material. They are useful in both magnetic and thermomagnetic recording media ensuring high density recording.

Abstract: In composition of Fe-Ni alloy preferably used for lead frames in production of IC, specified amount of Be is added to the basic composition for increase in mechanical strength whilst maintaining the low thermal expansion characteristic of the conventional Fe-Ni alloys.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel metallic composition and method of using the same. More particularly, the invention affords a tool steel and a method of heat treating the tool steel. In one of the preferred embodiments the tool steel includes about 0.50 to about 0.65 percent by weight carbon, about 0.090 to about 1.45 percent by weight manganese, up to about 0.030 percent by weight phosphorus, about 0.035 to about 0.070 percent by weight sulfur, about 1.10 to about 1.90 percent by weight chromium, about 0.15 to about 0.40 percent by weight nickel and about 0.20 to about 0.40 percent by weight copper. In one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention the tool steel is heat treated utilizing a heat treatment schedule that includes the steps of a preheat, austenization and a double temper.

Abstract: A crackable forging steel with excellent machinability and low ductility consisting of (by weight percent): 0.6-0.75 carbon, 0.25-0.5 manganese, 0.04-0.12 sulfur, and the remainder essentially iron except for up to about 1.2% residual impurities selected from the group consisting of phosphorous, silicon, nickel, vanadium, copper, chromium, and molybdenum, the manganese/sulfur ratio being greater than 3.0 and the microstructure of said alloy being substantially 100% pearlite with a grain size grade between 3-8 according to ASTM Specification E112-88.A method of making a connecting rod with such steel comprising: (a) forging a rod of such steel; (b) cooling the forging to ensure essentially a 100% pearlitic microstructure and a grain size of 3-8 ASTM per Specification E112-88; (c) fracturing the rod into cap and body portions; (d) reassembling by use of bolts which have a clearance no greater than 0.04 inch to guide the fractured surfaces to within 0.

Abstract: A method for producing aluminum-containing ferritic stainless steel from a magnesium-contaminated melt such that the steel is suitable for growing oxide whiskers to cover the surface thereof is disclosed. The method comprises adding sulfur to the contaminated melt in an amount sufficient to increase the sulfur content not less than 1.3 time the magnesium content, whereupon the sulfur reacts with the magnesium to render the magnesium inert to whisker growth. The method also preferably comprises an addition of titanium, zirconium of hafnium in amounts sufficient to react with residual sulfur in excess of the amount required for magnesium reaction, thereby mitigating the adverse affect of sulfur on oxide adhesion.

Abstract: Steel is described which is improved by dissolving components of the steel that oppose its workability into a ferrite phase of the steel, and by combining components of the steel that impart desirable properties to it with carbon to form carbides. The steel is useful for highly stressed structural members.

Abstract: In composition of Fe-Ni alloy preferably used for lead frames in production of IC, specified amount of Be is added to the basic composition for increase in mechanical strength while maintaining the low thermal expansion characteristic of the conventional Fe-Ni alloys.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing a steel bloom having a varying chemical composition in the cross-section. First, a flow of molten steel is directed into a casting chill form via a pouring pipe. Next, an alloy wire (e.g., sulphur foil, iron sulfite and other sulphur compounds) is introduced to the chill form. This alloy wire is melted in the molten steel from the upper surface of the molten steel to a maximum depth corresponding to the lower edge of the pouring pipe. The resulting steel bloom exhibits a substantially constant decreasing chemical composition in the cross-section from the outer to the center of the bloom and is easily regulated and reproduced.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel metallic composition and method of using the same. More particularly, the invention affords a tool steel and a method of using the tool steel. In one of the preferred embodiments the tool steel includes about 0.50 to about 0.65 percent by weight carbon, about 0.090 to about 1.45 percent by weight manganese, up to about 0.030 percent by weight phosphorus, about 0.035 to about 0.070 percent by weight sulfur, about 1.10 to about 1.90 percent by weight chromium, about 0.15 to about 0.40 percent by weight nickel, about 0.20 to about 0.40 percent by weight copper and balance percent by weight iron and impurities.

Abstract: Martensite-hardenable steel, particularly for the production of molds for plastic materials, which consists in weight % of______________________________________ carbon 0.06-0.2 silicon 0.15-0.8 manganese 1.4-3.6 sulfur 0.12-0.4 chromium 0-0.9 nickel 2.8-4.3 vanadium 0.03-0.15 copper 0.1-4.0 aluminum 0.1-4.0 aluminum + copper 0.9-4.1 niobium 0.03-0.12 zirconium 0.01-0.1 calcium 0-0.01 titanium 0.01-0.1 molybdenum 0-1.0 tungsten 0-1.0 Mo + W/2 0-1.5 residue: iron and production impurities.

Abstract: A mining and construction bit body is composed of a Mn-B steel alloy composition. The alloy content of the composition in percents by weight includes: carbon, 0.33-0.38; manganese, 1.10-1.35; boron, 0.0005 minimum; silicon 0.15-0.30; sulfur, 0.045 maximum; and phosphorus, 0.035 maximum. The composition has a minimum hardenability of 47 Rockwell C at the Jominy 6/16 position and a maximum as-rolled hardness of 22 Rockwell C such that without anneal the composition meets hardenability and machinability requirements that make it useful for fabricating mining and construction bit bodies of all sizes.

Abstract: A soft steel for machine cutting with high machinability performances having a content of C.ltoreq.0.25%, a content of Mn of 0.8 to 1.5%, a content of P of .ltoreq.0.1%, a content of S of 0.15 to 0.40%, and a content of Si of 0.05 to 0.40%, expressed in percentages by weight. After finishing of the metal, the inclusions of manganese sulfide are surrounded by a plastic oxide layer of an average composition SiO.sub.2 : 35 to 45%; Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 : 10 to 20%; CaO: 15 to 25%; MnO: 10 to 20%. In producing this grade, after the addition of silicon and manganese, the liquid metal is agitated in the presence of a slag of a composition CaO: 20 to 55%; SiO.sub.2 : 35 to 65%; Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 : 15 to 40%; with a CaO %/SiO.sub.2 % ratio of about 1.

Abstract: A free-cutting steel having a high fatigue strength which consists essentially of 0.30-0.50% C, 0.10-0.50% Si, 0.50-1.00% Mn, 0.04-0.12% S, 0.005-0.20% V, 0.005-0.018% Al, 0.05-0.30% Pb, and 0.001-0.006% Ca by weight, and as the remainder, Fe and inevitable impurities. It may additionally contain 0.50% or less of Cr.

Abstract: A new SAE 1541M alloy steel composition consisting essentially of 0.40-0.48% carbon, 1.35-1.61% maganese, 0.16-0.30% silicon, 0-0.23% chromium and the balance iron and other materials not affecting hardenability of the steel, especially adapted for forming axle shafts in the 1.70-2.05" diameter range to be used as drive axles with an axle load carrying capacity between 30,000 and 44,000 pounds.

Abstract: The dissolved oxygen content in a bath of molten steel is controlled, in one embodiment, by diluting a slag layer atop the bath with an oxide such as lime (CaO), to reduce the percentage of MnO and FeO in the slag, and stirring the bath of molten steel. In another embodiment, a gaseous mixture of an inert gas and carbon monoxide is disequilibrium with the carbon and dissolved oxygen content is bubbled through the bath.

Abstract: A resulfurized and rephosphorized free-machining steel bar formed by cold drawing a hot rolled steel bar has the composition, by weight, C up to 0.08%; Mn 0.6% to 1.4%; Si up to 0.1%; P at least 0.03%; S 0.25% to 0/50%; Cb 0.02% to 0.10%; the sum of Ni, Cr, Mo and Cu up to 0.15%; balance iron. The ratio of %Mn/%S is from 1.6 to 4.0, and the ratio of [%Mn-(1.62.times.%S)]/%Cb is from 2 to 50. The yield strength of the steel bar is further determined by the draft in cold drawing the bar from the hot rolled state and the size and cross section of the bar after draft. The relationship between strength and ductility is further improved by heavy drafting in cold drawing the bar from the hot rolled state.

Abstract: Sulfur-containing free-cutting steel may have an improved machinability and fewer defects by adding certain amounts of Te, Pb and Bi to prevent elongation of sulfide inclusion particles, and by lowering Al-content to decrease Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 of oxide inclusions or by lowering O-content to decrease large Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 inclusion particles. The free-cutting steel may be produced by continuous casting.

Abstract: The toughness of vanadium and niobium microalloyed medium carbon bar steels is significantly improved by a controlled addition of aluminum in a range of from about 0.05 to 0.11 percent. Forged parts combining high strength and hardness properties with improved toughness can be made from the new bar steel without the need of heat treatment.