Abstract: Apparatus for treating allografts, having a sonication tank configured to transmit ultrasonic energy to the interior of the tank; a treatment canister rotatably positioned in said sonication tank, and configured to receive allografts therein; and a treatment fluid source in fluid communication with said treatment canister. Methods of treating allografts and methods for determining microbial contamination using the apparatus.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and a device for feeding and/or discharging fluids in microreactor arrays through one or several fluid ducts that extend into each individual microreactor and can be individually controlled and regulated, in order to control, regulate, influence, and/or verify processes. The fed or discharged amounts of fluid are introduced into or discharged from the volume of the reaction liquid during a continuous shaking process and are evenly mixed as a result of the shaking process. The continuous shaking process causes sufficient mass transfer and thorough mixing of the reaction partners or fluids while the reaction is not limited or restricted by the mass transfer conditions.

Abstract: Zero valent iron particles (14) having enhanced surface area are used to treat contaminated groundwater in-situ or above ground. Hollow and/or porous zero valent iron particles (14) having a generally spherical shape and porous surface are produced using a sacrificial substrate (10) and thermal treatment.

Abstract: A device and method a provided for mixing and enhancing reaction between oil and a non-oil liquid by exploiting the formation, implosion and explosion of numerous cavitation bubbles within a cavitation device. Intense localized energy from the collapse of the cavitation bubbles subjects the mixture to intense heat and pressure, thereby accelerating reaction between the oil and non-oil liquid. In one embodiment, the non-oil liquid is an alcohol, and the cavitation device is used to enhance a transesterification reaction to convert the oil and alcohol into biodiesel in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a device for the parallel study of chemical reactions in at least two spatially separated reaction spaces. In particular, the invention is suitable for reactions which are not constant volume reactions and/or for reactions in which fluid flows through at least two spatially separated reaction spaces are intended to be controlled together for all the reaction spaces, or for related subsets of them, in the most straightforward way possible.

Abstract: A cavitation chamber separated into three volumes by a pair of gas-tight and liquid-tight seals, each seal formed by the combination of a rigid acoustic reflector and a flexible member, is provided. During chamber operation, only one of the three volumes contains cavitation fluid, the other two chamber volumes remaining devoid of cavitation fluid. The cavitation system also includes a cavitation fluid reservoir coupled to the cavitation chamber by a conduit, a valve allowing the cavitation chamber to be isolated from the cavitation fluid reservoir. A second conduit couples the two unfilled chamber volumes to a region above the liquid free surface within the cavitation fluid reservoir. A second valve allows the two unfilled chamber volumes to either be coupled to the cavitation fluid reservoir by the second conduit, or be coupled to a third conduit, the third conduit leading either to the ambient atmosphere or to a high pressure gas source. The cavitation system also includes at least one acoustic driver.

Abstract: A process for reducing the microbial contamination of dampening agent cycles, comprising the step of electrochemically treating the dampening agent.

Abstract: Gasses containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen are converted into hydrocarbons using a reactor vessel having a liquid, a catalyst dispersed in the liquid, and a sonic mixing system interfaced with the reactor vessel. The sonic mixing system is used to agitate the mixture. In combination with the catalysts, the agitation increases reaction kinetics, thereby promoting chemical reactions used to efficiently convert gasses containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen into hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process and apparatus wherein multiple instantaneous pressure pulsations with a regulated frequency and amplitude are applied to various biological substances in order to eliminate the undesired microorganisms in these substances with minimal negative effect on the quality of these substances, and, further, to use these in mass production of foodstuffs pharmaceuticals for treatment of human blood or plasma, and for research to establish a specific frequency of pressure pulsations at which a particular type of bacteria could be selectively destroyed while other components of the substance remain intact.

Abstract: Method and system are disclosed for coupling energy from at least on energy source, e.g. UV light source, ultrasonic transducer, or combination thereof, to a target site, e.g. hazardous bacteria, through a streaming liquid, e.g. water. The bacteria toward which energy is to be coupled could be present in the water stream itself and/or on a surface toward which the water stream is to be launched at the end of its flow. Accordingly, in-line aseptic filling is provided, which can fill and simultaneously disinfect a container. According to another embodiment where the water is used for washing, in-line aseptic washing device is provided. A variety of other embodiments is disclosed as well.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for treating liquids flowing in a thin film around a source of wave energy to directly exposes the liquid to the wave energy, preferably generated in whole or part by an electrical arc between carbon electrodes. In addition to the wave energy generated by the electrical arc, energy generated by cavitation of the flowing liquid may be used in treating the liquid.

Abstract: A method of sterilizing a closed environment is provided in which a disinfection apparatus is placed into the closed environment; it then generates ozone to a predetermined ozone concentration, following which the humidity of the closed environment is rapidly increased. A catalytic converter then reduces the ozone concentration to safe levels. When the ozone concentration is reduced to a predetermined safe level, the disinfection apparatus signals.

Abstract: Sonication of a medium for example in an immunoassay is provided by applying sound waves from a transducer to a vessel in which the medium is held via a sonotrode coupled between the transducer and the vessel. The sonotrode is coupled to the vessel by dry contact with the vessel without any coupling layers therebetween. The sonotrode which is operated in resonance has an arrangement with two protruding portions separated by a slit in the manner of a tuning fork with the vessel being mechanically held in a recess formed between the two protruding portions.

Abstract: A precursor halide compound is reduced to a predetermined product at substantially ambient conditions. The halide is added to an anhydrous liquid reaction medium containing one or more alkali metals or alkaline earth metals as reductants. The metal reductants are dispersed as very small globules in the liquid by cavitation of the liquid, such as by application of high intensity ultrasonic vibrations or high-shear mixing to the reaction vessel. Continued cavitation of the liquid medium affects low temperature reduction of the precursor halide(s) to produce a metal, metal alloy, metal compound, ceramic material, metal matrix-ceramic composite material, or the like. The practice may be applied, for example, to titanium tetrachloride, alone or with other chlorides, to produce titanium metal, titanium alloys (for example Ti-6Al-4V), and titanium compounds (TiSi2).

Abstract: A cavitation chamber separated into two volumes by a gas-tight and liquid-tight seal, the seal formed by the combination of a rigid acoustic reflector and a flexible member, is provided. The rigid reflector improves the cavitation characteristics of the chamber while the flexible member insures that the reflector can move during the cavitation process. One of the two chamber volumes is filled, or at least partially filled, with cavitation fluid while the other chamber volume remains devoid of cavitation fluid during system operation. A conduit couples a region above the liquid free surface in one cavitation volume to the second, unfilled chamber volume, thus preventing the reflector from being subjected to undue pressures. An acoustic driver, such as a ring of piezoelectric material, is coupled to the chamber and used to drive cavitation within the cavitation fluid contained within the chamber.

Abstract: A method of operating a cavitation system in which the cavitation chamber is separated into at least three distinct chamber volumes by, for example, first fabricating and then installing a pair of gas-tight and liquid-tight seals into the cavitation chamber, is provided. Each chamber volume seal is fabricated from a rigid reflector and a flexible member. During chamber operation, only one of the three volumes contains cavitation fluid, the other two chamber volumes remaining devoid of cavitation fluid. By controlling the pressure within the two unfilled chamber volumes, the rigid reflectors can be used as a means of increasing the static pressure within the fluid-filled chamber volume.

Abstract: A titanium halide and, optionally, other precursor halides compound are reduced to a predetermined titanium product, suitably at or near ambient conditions. Titanium tetrachloride, for example, is added to an anhydrous liquid reaction medium containing one or more alkali metals or alkaline earth metals as reductants. The metal reductants are dispersed as very small globules in the liquid by cavitation of the liquid reaction medium, such as by application of high intensity ultrasonic vibrations or high-shear mixing to the reaction vessel. Continued cavitation of the liquid medium affects relatively low temperature reduction of the precursor halide(s) to produce a titanium-containing product such as titanium metal, a titanium alloy or compound, or a titanium matrix-ceramic composite material, or the like.

Abstract: A reaction container holds a liquid agitated by sound waves. The reaction container includes two openings which serve as an introduction/discharge port of the liquid, and a holding member which has the two openings, holds the liquid between the two openings, and includes a sound wave generator arranged on one of a side surface and a portion close to the side surface for emitting sound waves to a portion between the two openings to agitate the liquid.

Abstract: A kit cleaning system and method is disclosed. One embodiment of the present invention has a photosensitizer solution supplied by a pressurized nozzle to the target site. Specific application of the solution is to an oral or skin surface target site. The photosensitizer solution is illuminated with sensitizing light creating reactive chemical species. Pressure and a solvent having an elevated concentration of oxygen or oxygen species improve the efficiency of the killing of pathogens. Methods of using the system within an oral cavity are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a extensional flow layer-separating reactor comprising a channel, in which at least two educt products and at least one separation fluid for spatially separating said two products are introduced, an extension area which is adjacent to the channel in such a way that the educt product and the separation fluid which are drawn in substantially laminar layers, flow at a greater speed and a turbulence generating device for generating the turbulent micro mixture of the educt products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for manufacturing a carbon nano tube, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for manufacturing a carbon nano tube by which a carbon nano tube having a uniform property and high purity can be manufactured by uniformly raising a temperature of reaction gas, which includes a gaseous transition metal catalyst precursor compound and gaseous carbon compound contained in a hermetically closed reaction space, to the Boudouard reaction temperature.

Abstract: A sonochemical reactor provides an environment for processing chemicals, waste products and the like. The reactor utilises a closely packed transducer arrangement. The transducer spacing is such that cross-coupling enhances the insonification region of fluid within the reaction chamber whilst avoiding undesirable longitudinal modes. The arrangement is particularly suited to continuous flow operation.

Abstract: The desulfurization of fossil fuels is effected by the combination of fossil fuels with an aqueous mixture of hydroperoxide and quaternary ammonium fluoride phase transfer catalyst, the mixture then subjected to ultrasound to oxidize sulfur compounds present in the fuels. The polar oxidized species are removed via extraction. Another aspect is a portable, continuous ultrasound assisted desulfurization device having a sonoreactor for subjecting mixtures of fossil fuels to sonication to effect removal of sulfur containing compounds.

Abstract: In the present invention, petroleum is separated into hydrocarbon mixtures having different components at an atomizing step and a collecting step. At the atomizing step, the petroleum is ultrasonically vibrated and is discharged and atomized in a state of an atomized fine particle floating in a carrier gas. At this step, the petroleum is separated into a mixed fluid containing the atomized fine particle and the carrier gas and residual petroleum which is not atomized. At the collecting step, the hydrocarbon mixture is separated and collected from the mixed fluid obtained at the collecting step. In the separating method, the petroleum is separated into the residual petroleum and the mixed fluid at the atomizing step, and the mixed fluid is collected at the collecting step so that the petroleum is separated into hydrocarbon mixtures having different components.

Abstract: A method of test includes the steps of preparing a sensing platform having an emitting electrode mounted at on one side thereof and a receiving electrode mounted on the other side thereof, wherein the sensing platform defines a sensing zone located between the emitting and receiving electrodes; placing a specimen on the sensing zone; emitting a surface acoustic wave from the emitting electrode, wherein the surface acoustic wave passes through the sensing zone and the specimen and then is received by the receiving electrode to be changed for its speed and phase by the change of material property of the specimen; and identifying the material property of the specimen according to the changed speed and phase of the surface acoustic wave to further infer the physical property of the specimen. In light of the steps, the surface acoustic wave can be employed for detection of the physical property of the specimen.

Abstract: A lid for a well plate, which has pins that penetrate the lid and project downwardly into the wells of the well plate. Thermal energy is applied to the upper end of the pin to regulate the temperature of liquid samples. Ultrasonic energy is applied to the upper end of the pin to sonicate the liquid sample. An electrical charge is applied to the upper end of the pin to attract charged materials, such as DNA, and to selectably segregate charged materials from the liquid sample.

Abstract: A fluid assay preparation system is provided which includes a reusable reaction apparatus and a plurality of fluidic lines coupled to the reusable reaction apparatus. The reusable reaction apparatus includes a process vessel with a tapered floor and the fluidic lines extend into the process vessel a distance less than approximately 1.0 mm from a bottommost surface of the tapered floor. Inner and outer surfaces of the fluidic lines and an inner surface of the process vessel may include one or more materials having a coefficient of friction less than or equal to approximately 0.1 relative to polished steel. The system further includes an assembly of one or more pumps, one or more valves, and control electronics collectively configured to pass reagents to the process vessel. Methods and storage mediums having program instructions configured to prepare fluid assays using such a system are also provided.

Abstract: Methods of fixing and processing tissue and samples on a membrane by using ultrasound radiation as a part of the method are presented. Ultrasound of a frequency in the range of 0.1-50 MHz is used and the sample or tissue receives 0.1-200 W/cm2 of ultrasound intensity. The use of ultrasound allows much shorter times in the methods. Also presented are apparati comprising transducers of one or of multiple heads for producing the ultrasound radiation and further comprising a central processing unit and optionally comprising one or more sensors. Sensors can include those to measure and monitor ultrasound and temperature. This monitoring system allows one to achieve accurate and optimum tissue fixation and processing without overfixation and tissue damage. The system also allows the performance of antigen-antibody reactions or nucleic acid hybridizations to be completed in a very short time while being highly specific and with a very low or no background.

Abstract: A system for treating meat by the application of a shock wave to the meat while the meat is in contact with a diaphragm which is substantially transparent to the shockwave, confines the meat within a tunnel. In addition, the diaphragm and shock wave generating chamber are preferably disposed above the meat.

Abstract: A flow cell for the ultrasonic treatment of a liquid includes a housing with a wall at least partially defining a flow chamber therein. The housing includes a first liquid passage and a second liquid passage for flowing the liquid into and out of the flow chamber. An ultrasonic horn extends into the flow chamber for imparting ultrasonic energy to liquid in the flow chamber, the ultrasonic horn having an outer surface and an end surface, and having a recess formed in the end surface. A tubular member having a first end in fluid communication with a second end, is arranged such that the first end is in fluid communication with the second liquid passage, and the second end extends into the recess in the ultrasonic horn.

Abstract: A device for producing hydrogen includes a container housing a water-based solution and a metal constituent. A generator ultrasonically irradiates the water-based solution in the presence of the metal constituent to produce hydrogen gas.

Abstract: The invention consists of a method for treating polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contaminated media by: a) combining the media with a fluid containing one or more liquid hydrocarbons to form a media/fluid mixture; b) sonicating the mixture at audio frequency to extract PCB from the media into the fluid; and c) treating the fluid with sodium-containing alkali metal. The method may include additional steps to reduce the size of the media. Alternatively, the fluid can be decanted from the media after sonication and treated separately with sodium-containing alkali metal.

Abstract: A device for cleaning and sterilizing the inside of a chamber, including a supply of sterilizing liquid for said chamber and a device for inducing variations in the pressure, amplitude, frequency and the gradient of said variations in the sterilizing liquid, whereby said device is adapted in such a way that cavitation occurs inside the liquid, the device inducing said pressure variations include a liquid column between the chamber and a switching organ, whereby the chamber can be cyclically connected to a depression, whereby the value thereof is related to the amplitude or respectively to the atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A method and apparatus (10) for treating a fluid or materials therein with acoustic energy has a vessel (14) for receiving the fluid with inner walls shaped to focus acoustic energy to a target zone within the vessel. One or more nozzles (26) are directed into the vessel (14) for injecting a condensable vapor, such as steam, into the vessel (14). The system may include a steam source (18) for providing steam as the condensable vapor from an industrial waste heat source. Steam drums (88) are disposed between the steam source (18) and nozzles (26) to equalize and distribute the vapor pressure. A cooling source (30) provides a secondary fluid for maintaining the liquid in the vessel (14) in subcooled conditions. A heating jacket (32) surrounds the vessel (14) to heat the walls of the vessel (14) and prevent biological growth thereon. A pressurizer (33) may operate the system at elevated pressures.

Abstract: A regional water purifier collects blue green algae continuously by using a water flow produced by the operation of a water flow generator, and continuously and efficiently processes the algae to make it inactive by irradiating ultrasonic waves thereon. Thus, regional water purification is performed efficiently at a far lower cost than the conventional method through the blue green algae processing. The purifier includes a blue green algae processing duct 2, which is disposed under water where blue green algae breed in large quantities, and has an ultrasonic wave transmitter 3 therein for transmitting ultrasonic waves to process the blue green algae with the ultrasonic waves. Both ends of the duct 2 are open, and a water flow generator 4 produces a suction flow for sucking water containing blue green algae into the blue green algae. processing duct 2 from a first end 2a and a discharge flow for discharging the water from the second end 2b.

Abstract: The inventive apparatus is comprised of a means for producing cavitation in a complex reaction mixture to enhance the yield of the selected reaction product, a means for controlling the temperature of the complex reaction mixture, especially during cavitation, and a means for affecting magnetic separation of paramagnetic beads to which the selected reaction product is attached from the complex reaction mixture. In one embodiment, the compound(s) or molecule(s) is synthesized in situ, and isolated using the inventive apparatus. The apparatus finds use in the fields of solid phase organic synthesis, and for isolation and purification of a selected compound(s) or molecule (s), especially where automation is desired.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of use for dissociating materials includes a power supply, high energy capacitor, high energy trigger device and an probe and reactor arrangement for treating both solid and medium/media materials. A near instantaneous discharge of the electrical charge stored in the capacitor via the probe can be used to dissociate the material, either medium/media or solid, for a desired result. Hazardous materials can be treated to be rendered non-hazardous, rocks or other solid material can be treated for reduction in size, plant seeds can be treated to enhance plant growth surfaces of granular material can be scored or thermally polished and milk, juices and blood could be treated for sterilization.

Abstract: The invention relates to processing of gaseous feedstock material under high pressure and temperature. The desired high pressure and temperature is obtained by establishing a resonant high amplitude pressure wave in a volume contained within a shell. Adiabatic compression that occurs due to the resonant wave provides at least one region where high pressure and temperature appear periodically due to the periodic compression of the pressure wave. The gaseous material is passed through such regions.

Abstract: A method for increasing the effectiveness of a permeable treatment wall is described. The method includes the introduction of ultrasonic radiation in or near the wall. A permeable treatment wall is also described which has an ultrasonic radiation generating transducer in or near the wall. Permeable treatment walls are described as having either a well vertically extending into the wall, or a rod vertically extending into the treatment wall. Additionally, a method for adapting a permeable treatment wall to allow for the introduction of ultrasonic radiation in or near the wall is described.

Abstract: The proposed method comprises passing the hydrodynamic flow of liquid hydrocarbons through a flow-through passage accomodating a baffle body providing for a local constriction of the flow; establishing the local flow constriction on at least one portion of the flow-through passage whose cross-sectional profile area is so selected as to maintain such a velocity of the flow on the portion of the passage that promotes the development of a hydrodynamic cavitation field past the baffle body having the degree of cavitation of at least one; processing the flow of a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons in the hydrodynamic cavitation field to initiate chemical transformations of liquid hydrocarbons resulting in a change in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the mixture of liquid hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A system for reducing biological organisms in a liquid effluent to no-viable organic molecules that includes: a stunning chamber (38) that applies a voltage potential across biological organisms to break cell membranes and disable the defense mechanisms of viral organisms to ultraviolet radiation; a cavitation chamber (86) to physically destroy any remaining membranes of biologicals in the effluent that may play host to viral organisms or allow such to hide therein, the action of the stunning and cavitation chambers releasing interferons; and a molecularly implanted stimulated emitter (MISE) chamber (108) in which high levels of ultraviolet radiation and electromagnetic energy are applied to virions and spores that remain at frequencies that are readily absorbed and operate to dissociate any viable DNA and RNA strands remaining, to thereby cause "death". The resulting effluent is pulsed through the stunning, cavitation, and MISE chambers to gain maximum effect thereof.

Abstract: Heavy crude oil containing at least 1% by weight water is hydrotreated and upgraded while being produced downhole in a production well. During production the heavy crude oil containing water is subjected to sonic energy at a low frequency of 400 Hz to 10 kHz downhole in the presence of a metal hydrogenation catalyst that causes the water in the crude oil to react and form hydrogen which then hydrotreats and upgrades the heavy crude oil during production. In another embodiment, if the heavy crude oil does not contain water, the hydrogen may be formed in-situ by contacting the heavy crude oil downhole with a chemical compound comprising ammonia, hydrazine and formic acid that in the presence of a metal hydrogenation catalyst and sonic energy causes the chemical compound to react and form hydrogen which then hydrotreats the heavy crude oil during production. Suitable catalysts include nickel on zinc dust, platinum on carbon and palladium on carbon, preferably nickel on zinc dust.

Abstract: A liquid is subjected to ultrasound within a stainless steel pipe (35) of wall thickness 2.5 mm. Three ultrasonic transducers (56) are equally spaced around the pipe, each fixed to one end of a tapered resonant coupler (46) with a nodal flange (48) by which it is supported with its wider end coaxially within a steel collar (38) welded to the outside of the pipe wall. The space around the sides and the end of the coupler is filled by a buffer liquid such as olive oil. When the transducers (56) are energised they resonate, as do the couplers (46), and ultrasound is transmitted through the buffer liquid and the wall into the liquid inside the pipe (35). Within the pipe the intensity can be sufficient to cause cavitation, and so to cause sonochemical effects.

Abstract: A system and method for homogeneous bioassay uses acoustic energy emissions. A measurement cell is designed for binding reactions of mobile biorecognition molecules. The binding reaction contained in the measurement cell is for example a ligand/receptor binding reaction or a complementary nucleic acid binding reaction. A passive acoustic energy transducer is coupled to the measurement cell for detecting acoustic energy generated by the binding reaction of mobile biorecognition molecules. The passive acoustic energy transducer generates a corresponding analog electrical signal. A signal conditioner coupled to the passive acoustic energy transducer filters and amplifies the electrical signal. A signal analyzer determines spectra of the conditioned electrical signal corresponding to characteristic acoustic energy emissions of the binding reaction of mobile biorecognition molecules.

Abstract: A shock wave sterilizer for sterilizing a fluid medium, such as food, by having the fluid medium in an elastic container impacted by shock waves and expansion waves emitted from a shock wave source formed by a source of electric current discharging through an electrical conductor to vaporize the electrical conductor to produce a shock wave that is transmitted through a pressure transfer medium to the container and the fluid medium therein.

Abstract: A system for reducing biological organisms in a liquid effluent to non-viable organic molecules that includes: a stunning chamber that applies a voltage potential across biological organisms to break cell membranes and disable the defense mechanisms of vital organisms to ultraviolet radiation; a cavitation chamber to physically destroy any remaining membranes of biologicals in the effluent that may play host to vital organisms or allow such to hide therein, the action of the stunning and cavitation chambers releasing interferons; and a molecularly implanted stimulated emitter (MISE) chamber in which high levels of ultraviolet radiation are applied to virions and spores that remain at frequencies that are readily absorbed and operate to disassociate any viable DNA and RNA strands remaining, to thereby cause "death". Prior to the stunning chamber, preferably the effluent has any large solids therein, settled, floated or filtered out.

Abstract: High temperature gas emissions from industrial power plant or environmental clean-up processes are subjected to an acoustic waveform having second harmonic content and appropriate second harmonic phase shift to impart a net acoustic Oseen force on particulate matter contained in the gas for removal of said matter. Particulate matter of 1 micron radius is positively excluded, while smaller particles are agglomerated by the sound wave. The acoustic waveform further enhances both sorption of injected sorbent particles for removal of sulfur oxides, and the efficiency of an in-line catalytic converter for removal of nitrogen oxides. The invention improves overall removal efficiency, can operate at very high temperatures, and does not produce any secondary waste, such as filters.

Abstract: The water remediation and purification apparatus includes a cavitation nozzle which is operated with a throat size and pressure drop to incur cavitation in the water. The explosive and implosive bubble growth and collapse produces free radicals which interact with contaminants in the water to oxidize the contaminants. The cavitation process is enhanced by (1) a variable throat nozzle, (2) recycling the product back through the nozzle for further oxidation, and (3) programmable control feedback. Subsequent ultraviolet radiation from high energy lamps, ion exchange and/or degassifying treatment can be employed to produce water quality within acceptable levels.

Abstract: A process for reacting a fluid phase (gaseous and/or liquid phase) in contact with a solid phase in a reaction zone, wherein the improvement in said process comprises reacting the fluid phase in contact with the solid phase in a horizontally-oriented fluidized bed vessel. The vessel includes at least two compartments or stages, and includes means for vibrating the vessel. The process of the present invention enables one to effect fluidization of the solid phase independently of the flow rate or velocity of the fluid phase, thus enabling proper contact time of the fluid phase with the solid phase and minimizing the amount of fluid phase reactant to be recycled.

Abstract: A system for reducing biological organisms in a liquid effluent to non-viable organic molecules that includes: a stunning chamber that applies a voltage potential across biological organisms to break cell membranes and disable the defense mechanisms of vital organisms to ultraviolet radiation; a cavitation chamber to physically destroy any remaining membranes of biologicals in the effluent that may play host to vital organisms or allow such to hide therein, the action of the stunning and cavitation chambers releasing interferons; and a molecularly implanted stimulated emitter (MISE) chamber in which high levels of ultraviolet radiation are applied to virions and spores that remain at frequencies that are readily absorbed and operate to disassociate any viable DNA and RNA strands remaining, to thereby cause “death”. Prior to the stunning chamber, preferably the effluent has any large solids therein, settled, floated or filtered out.