Abstract: A system for containing an emission of sulfur trioxide, the system comprising a first pressurized vessel, the first pressurized vessel containing sulfur trioxide, a relief vessel containing a volume of a solvent solution, wherein the solvent solution comprises sulfolane, and a first relief conduit providing a first route of fluid communication between the first pressurized vessel and the relief vessel. A method for containing an emission of sulfur trioxide, the method comprising routing a first relief conduit so as to provide a first route of fluid communication between a first pressurized vessel and a relief vessel, wherein the first pressurized vessel contains sulfur trioxide, wherein the relief vessel contains a volume of a solvent solution, and wherein the solvent solution comprises sulfolane.

Abstract: A process for preparing sulfuric acid may involve melting elemental sulfur in a melting stage to give molten sulfur. Sulfuric acid is subsequently produced from the molten sulfur. Further, sulfur-containing offgases formed in the melting stage may be subjected to oxidation in a supplementary oxidation stage in which sulfur-containing components of the offgases are oxidized to sulfur dioxide. The process may further involve processing the sulfur dioxide to give at least one reaction product. The melting stage may be operated without emissions by processing all of the offgases from the melting stage. An apparatus may be employed for carrying out such a process.

Abstract: A system for containing an emission of sulfur trioxide, the system comprising a first pressurized vessel, the first pressurized vessel containing sulfur trioxide, a relief vessel containing a volume of a solvent solution, wherein the solvent solution comprises sulfolane, and a first relief conduit providing a first route of fluid communication between the first pressurized vessel and the relief vessel. A method for containing an emission of sulfur trioxide, the method comprising routing a first relief conduit so as to provide a first route of fluid communication between a first pressurized vessel and a relief vessel, wherein the first pressurized vessel contains sulfur trioxide, wherein the relief vessel contains a volume of a solvent solution, and wherein the solvent solution comprises sulfolane.

Abstract: A process for the production of liquid acid, comprising the steps of: feeding liquid acid with a first concentration into a gas purification; passing a gas through the gas purification such that a second concentration of the liquid acid is reached; withdrawing the liquid acid from the sump of the gas purification, where in the gas purification sump is divided by a partition wall into a first and a second section. The concentration of the liquid acid collected in the first section is adjusted to the first concentration. The liquid acid with the first concentration from the first section is at least partially fed back into step and the liquid acid with the second concentration collected in the second section is at least partially withdrawn as product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reactor and to a process for synthesis of hydrogen sulphide from elemental sulphur and hydrogen at elevated pressure and elevated temperature. The invention further relates to the use of the reactor for preparation of hydrogen sulphide in high yield and with a low H2SX content.

Abstract: A sulfur recovery unit for processing an acid gas feed to recover elemental sulfur, the sulfur recovery unit comprising a reaction furnace configured to burn the acid gas feed, an oxygen source, and a fuel gas to create a furnace outlet stream, the acid gas feed comprises hydrogen sulfide which is converted to elemental sulfur, a waste heat boiler configured to capture heat from the furnace outlet stream to create a cooled stream, a condenser configured to condense the cooled stream to produce a waste gas stream and a condensed stream comprising elemental sulfur, a thermal oxidizer configured to burn the waste gas stream to create a sulfur dioxide rich stream, and a sulfur dioxide scrubbing unit configured to remove the amount of sulfur dioxide from the sulfur dioxide rich stream to create an effluent stream and a recycle stream recycled to the reaction furnace.

Abstract: A device for mixing and cooling two reactive liquids, comprising a bundle type heat exchanger with parallel tubes, a head space open to one end of all tubes, a first inlet to the head space for introducing a first liquid and a second inlet to the head space with a multitude of nozzles for introducing a second liquid, the nozzles being located within the head space and oriented to direct the introduced liquid transverse to the axis of the tubes of the tube bundle, is useful for making peroxomonosulphuric acid from 85 to 98% by weight sulphuric acid introduced into the first inlet of the device and 50 to 80% by weight aqueous hydrogen peroxide introduced into the second inlet of the device.

Abstract: This invention describes a sulfurous acid generator that employs a burn chamber that acts as a sulfur hopper. Generally, the burn chamber is not in sulfur communication with a sulfur hopper that is separate and distinct from the burn chamber. Instead, the burn chamber may be adapted to hold enough sulfur to allow the generator to produce sulfurous acid for a desired period of time without needing more sulfur to be added to the sulfur being combusted in the burn chamber.

Abstract: A method for making sulfuric acid comprises: providing solid sulfur, melting the solid sulfur into liquid sulfur in a sulfur melting tank, burning the sulfur to generate a sulfur product, recycling high order heat energy generated from burning the sulfur and providing the high order heat energy to a distillation tower, recycling low order heat energy generated from burning the sulfur and providing the low order heat energy to the sulfur melting tank, providing hydrogen peroxide or sulfuric acid containing hydrogen peroxide into an absorption-reaction tower for reacting to produce a sulfuric acid product, and concentrating or purifying the sulfuric acid product to improve its concentration or purity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reactor for carrying out an exothermic reaction in the gas phase, which comprises a vessel having an outer wall (13) composed of a metallic material, wherein an inner shell (17) is accommodated in the interior of the reactor (1) and the inner shell (17) has a spacing of at least 50 mm to the inside of the outer wall (13).

Abstract: A method for adjusting a concentration of an acid or lye includes charging a medium for adjusting the concentration of the acid or lye into a supply conduit of the acid or lye so as to provide a combined stream. The combined stream is supplied through an inlet to a mixing chamber such that the combined stream is deflected upon entering the mixing chamber. The combined stream is mixed in the mixing chamber. The combined stream is discharged through an outlet of the mixing chamber such that the combined stream is again deflected upon being discharged from the mixing chamber.

Abstract: A reactor for synthesizing hydrogen sulfide in which sulfur and hydrogen are subjected to gas-phase reaction in the absence of a catalyst to synthesize hydrogen sulfide, the reactor including: a reactor body that retains liquid sulfur in a bottom portion thereof; a heating unit that gasifies part of the liquid sulfur; a hydrogen gas supply unit that supplies hydrogen gas into the liquid sulfur; and a heat-exchanging portion provided in a gas-phase reaction region located above the liquid surface of the liquid sulfur in the reactor body, wherein heat-exchanging portion is configured such that the reaction temperature in the gas-phase reaction region is controlled to be within a predetermined temperature range by changing the heat exchange amount per unit volume in a gas-phase reaction region located farther from the liquid surface from the heat exchange amount per unit volume in a gas-phase reaction region located closer to the liquid surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of treating an acid gas stream through a series of process steps to provide an ammonium sulfphate stream. The method involves passing the acid gas stream to an incinerator to oxidize the H2S to SO2 to yield an incinerator flue gas stream. The incinerator flue gas stream is passed to a sulphuric acid unit that produces H2SO4 from the SO2 of the incinerator flue gas stream and to yield an aqueous sulphuric acid stream and a sulphuric acid unit off-gas stream. At least part of the aqueous sulphuric acid stream is passed to an ammonia scrubber wherefrom an aqueous ammonium suphate stream is yielded.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of sulphur dioxide contained in a feed gas to sulphur trioxide, comprising the steps of a) alternatingly providing a first feed gas containing a high concentration of sulphur dioxide and a second feed gas containing a low concentration of sulphur dioxide as a process gas, b) preheating the process gas by heat exchange with a heat exchange medium, c) reacting the process gas in the presence of a catalytically active material in a catalytic reaction zone, d) converting at least in part the sulphur dioxide of the process gas into sulphur trioxide contained in a product gas in the catalytic reaction zone, e) cooling the product gas by contact with a heat exchange medium, wherein a thermal buffer zone is provided in relation to one of said process steps, providing thermal energy produced during super-autothermal operation for heating the process gas during sub-autothermal operation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and associated method for the production of gypsum in manufacturing plant. More specifically, the invention relates to the production of alpha-type gypsum in a gypsum board manufacturing plant. The system yields increased efficiencies by capturing heat given off during processing steps and using that heat to reduce the energy needed for calcination. The invention finds particular application in the production alpha-type gypsum. The present invention is described in greater detail hereinafter in conjunction with the following specific embodiments.

Abstract: Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is removed from a carbon dioxide feed gas by maintaining the feed gas at elevated pressure(s) in the presence of oxygen (O2), water and NOx for a period of time sufficient to convert SO2 to sulfuric acid and NOx to nitric acid and produce SO2-depleted, NOx-lean carbon dioxide gas. The invention resides in separating the sulfuric and nitric acids from said SO2-depleted, NOx-lean carbon dioxide gas, and then neutralizing the acids by reaction with an alkaline sorbent in an acid/sorbent reactor system to produce sorbent-derive sulfate. The method has particular application in the removal of SO2 and NOx from flue gas produced by oxyfuel combustion of a carbonaceous fuel.

Abstract: An apparatus for burning sulfur to produce sulfur dioxide, which sulfur dioxide is associated with a multi-channel gas valve associated with other gas sources to selectively be blended each into water by a combination mixer/aerator to aerate water in one monde, admix sulfur dioxide with water to form sulfurous acid in another mode, and stir and mix water without gases in a third mode.

Abstract: A multiple-stage granular moving-bed apparatus comprises a first integrated moving-bed unit, a second integrated moving-bed unit and at least one granular material. The first integrated moving-bed unit, having a first inlet part for providing a raw gas flowing therein, a first outlet part for providing a partially-cleaned gas flowing thereout, and a plurality of first flow-corrective elements disposed therebetween for defining two channels. The second integrated moving-bed unit, coupled to the first integrated moving-bed unit, having a second inlet part for providing the partially-cleaned gas flowing therein, a second outlet part for providing a completely-cleaned gas flowing thereout, and a plurality of second flow-corrective elements disposed therebetween for defining two channels. The at least one granular material flows through the two channels respectively and then passes through the two channels respectively.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of treating an acid gas stream (820) comprising H2S and CO2 to provide an aqueous ammonium sulphate stream (190) and an apparatus (1) therefor, the method comprising at least the steps of: (a) passing an acid gas stream (820) comprising H2S and CO2 to an incinerator (850) to oxidise H2S to SO2 to provide an incinerator flue gas stream (860) comprising SO2 and CO2; (b) passing the incinerator flue gas stream (860) to a sulphuric acid unit (900) to produce H2SO4 from SO2 in the flue gas stream (860) to provide an aqueous sulphuric acid stream (910) and a sulphuric acid unit off-gas stream (920) comprising CO2; and (c) passing at least a part of the aqueous sulphuric acid stream (910) to an ammonia scrubber (150) which is provided with a first off-gas stream (120) which comprises NH3, H2S and CO2 to separate NH3 to provide a scrubber off-gas stream (180) comprising H2S and CO2 and an aqueous ammonium sulphate stream (190).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for upgrading a hydrocarbon feedstock is provided. The method includes the steps of (a) supplying a hydrocarbon feedstock to an oxidation reactor, wherein the hydrocarbon feedstock is oxidized in the presence of a catalyst under conditions sufficient to selectively oxidize sulfur compounds present in the hydrocarbon feedstock; (c) separating the hydrocarbons and the oxidized sulfur compounds by solvent extraction; (d) collecting a residue stream that includes the oxidized sulfur compounds; and (e) supplying the residue stream to a deasphalting unit.

Abstract: Methods and systems for generating sulfuric acid are disclosed. In some embodiments, the method includes combusting a sulfur-containing material with a gas including oxygen to produce a first stream of sulfur dioxide, mixing water with the first stream of sulfur dioxide to produce a mixed stream, using an energy, electrolytically converting the mixed stream of sulfur dioxide and water into sulfuric acid and hydrogen, generating a source of energy from the hydrogen, and providing the source of energy as at least a portion of the energy for electrolytically converting the first stream of sulfur dioxide and water into sulfuric acid and hydrogen. In some embodiments, the system includes a first chamber for combusting a sulfur-containing material to produce a first stream of sulfur dioxide, an electrolytic cell for converting the first stream into sulfuric acid and hydrogen, and a fuel cell for generating an energy source from the hydrogen.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for drying and reducing the particle size of malleable material. Preferred embodiments of the invention include a drying apparatus for use with a malleable material, comprising a blower, an airlock feeder, a main line which contains an accelerator, a conditioning chamber, and a dehydration chamber, a polishing line which contains an accelerator, a conditioning chamber, and a dehydration chamber, and a squid line blower for providing pressurized heated air to the apparatus. An alternative preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a method of drying and size reducing malleable material.

Abstract: A method for recovering diluted waste sulfuric acid by extractive rectification with concentrated sulfuric acid which is re-concentrated for reutilization. Waste sulfuric acid from the nitration process is fed into a first column, optionally together with another waste sulfuric acid in a DNT washing acid, and divided into an overhead product containing nitric acid and nitro-organic compounds and a prepurified sulfuric acid in the bottom product. The prepurified sulfuric acid withdrawn from the bottom of the first column is fed to the top of a second column, into the bottom zone of which another waste sulfuric acid is fed in the form of a diluted sulfuric acid recovered from the nitric acid concentration system so the prepurified sulfuric acid from the first column is further purified in the second column and is preconcentrated along with the diluted sulfuric acid recovered from the extractive rectification of nitric acid.

Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide H2S is prepared from a crude gas stream containing H2S and polysulfanes (H2Sx). The crude gas stream is passed at temperatures of from 114 to 165° C. through catalytically active material present in a vessel, and sulfur is collected in the bottom of the vessel and recycled to the preparation of H2S. This process may be accomplished in an apparatus including a reactor for reacting sulfur and hydrogen, a cooler for receiving and cooling an H2S-containing crude gas stream passed out of the reactor to between 114 to 165° C., a vessel coupled to the cooler, the vessel including catalytically active material and a bottom for collecting sulfur obtained from the crude gas stream, and a line which is connected to the bottom of the vessel and opens into the cooler or into the reactor, for recycling sulfur.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for producing a treated hydrocarbon containing stream for use as a feed to a steam methane reformer of a hydrogen plant. In accordance with such method, amounts of olefins and organic sulfur species within an untreated feed are decreased in a reactor that is operated in either a hydrogenation mode to hydrogenate the olefins into saturated hydrocarbons or a pre-reforming mode in which hydrocarbon containing two or more carbon atoms including the olefins are reacted with oxygen and steam to form saturated hydrocarbons, methane, additional hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The reactor is configured and operates at a sufficiently high space velocity that olefin and organic species slip occurs that is further treated in a hydrotreater. The reactor contains a catalyst capable of promoting both hydrogenation and oxidation reactions and the hydrotreater contains a catalyst that is capable of only promoting hydrogenation reactions.

Abstract: Process for the continuous catalytic complete or partial oxidation of a starting gas containing from 0.1 to 66% by volume of sulphur dioxide plus oxygen, in which the catalyst is kept active by means of pseudoisothermal process conditions with introduction or removal of energy; apparatus for the continuous catalytic complete or partial oxidation of a starting gas containing sulphur dioxide and oxygen having at least one tube contact apparatus in the form of an upright heat exchanger composed of at least one double-walled tube whose catalyst-filled inner tube forms a reaction tube, with heat being transferred in cocurrent around the reaction tube and an absorber for separating off SO3 downstream of the tube contact apparatus; the reactivity of the catalyst being preset by mixing with inert material.

Abstract: A method and system for on-site production of solutions is described according to embodiments. In an embodiment, the solution is sulfuric acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and to an apparatus for preparing hydrogen sulfide H2S by converting a reactant mixture which comprises gaseous sulfur and hydrogen over a solid catalyst. The reactant mixture is converted at a pressure of from 0.5 to 10 bar absolute, a temperature of from 300 to 450° C. and a sulfur excess in a reactor (1). The sulfur excess corresponds to a ratio of excess sulfur to H2S prepared of from 0.2 to 3 kg of sulfur per kg of H2S prepared.

Abstract: Methods and systems for generating sulfuric acid (102) are disclosed. In some embodiments, the method includes combusting a sulfur-containing material (114) with a gas including oxygen (116) to produce a first stream of sulfur dioxide (118), mixing water with the first stream of sulfur dioxide to produce a mixed stream, using an energy, electrolytically converting (108) the mixed stream of sulfur dioxide and water into sulfuric acid (102) and hydrogen (122), generating a source of energy (126) from the hydrogen, and providing the source of energy as at least a portion of the energy for electrolytically converting the first stream of sulfur dioxide and water into sulfuric acid and hydrogen. In some embodiments, the system includes a first chamber for combusting a sulfur-containing material to produce a first stream of sulfur dioxide, an electrolytic cell (108) for converting the first stream into sulfuric acid and hydrogen, and a fuel cell (112) for generating an energy source from the hydrogen.

Abstract: This invention presents a sulphurous acid generator which employs a concentric hopper and burn chamber in which the burn chamber is surrounded or substantially surrounded by the hopper. The present invention also employs means for substantially eliminating any discharge plume.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and associated method for the production of gypsum in manufacturing plant. More specifically, the invention relates to the production of alpha-type gypsum in a gypsum board manufacturing plant. The system yields increased efficiencies by capturing heat given off during processing steps and using that heat to reduce the energy needed for calcination. The invention finds particular application in the production alpha-type gypsum. The present invention is described in greater detail hereinafter in conjunction with the following specific embodiments.

Abstract: Carbonyl sulfide (COS) from a COS-containing stream (106) is convened in a Claus plant (100) to elemental sulfur (152, 162) by oxidation of a first portion of the COS-containing stream to SO2 and by hydrolysis of a second portion of the COS-containing stream to H2S. In preferred aspects of the inventive subject matter, hydrolysis and/or oxidation of the COS is performed in the reactor furnace (10), while hydrolysis of the COS is performed in the reactor furnace (10), a hydrolysis reactor, and/or a catalytic converter (120, 130, 150).

Abstract: In an apparatus for continuously recovering sulfur from a gas stream containing 0.1 to 3.0 vol-% H2S, further gaseous sulfur compounds and sulfur, the gas stream first is passed over a reduction stage consisting of hydrogenation catalyst and then over a selective oxidation stage consisting of oxidation catalyst. To reduce the amount of apparatus involved, it is provided to arrange the reduction stage and the selective oxidation stage in a reaction tank and to leave a space for introducing a gaseous cooling medium into the gas stream between the two stages.

Abstract: A generator to provide sulfurous acid on demand and fail-safe operation includes a hopper to provide a supply of sulfur, and a burner connected to the hopper to receive the sulfur and combust it to produce sulfur dioxide gas. An inlet passes air from the environment into the burner. A channel is connected to the sulfur burner to receive the sulfur dioxide. An eductor, connected to a water supply, draws the sulfur dioxide through the channel. The generator includes a safety system to substantially inhibit discharge to the environment products of combustion that are deemed objectionable, in the event of an interruption of the water supply or shut down of the sulfurous acid generator.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for retrieving a mist of sulfurous acid and creating sulfurous acid from residual sulfur dioxide gas originating from an exhaust of a sulfurous acid generator. In one embodiment, such a system includes a sulfurous acid generator to output sulfurous acid, in a primary stream, and exhaust comprising a mist of sulfurous acid and sulfur dioxide gas. A recovery system is connected to the sulfurous acid generator to receive the exhaust and substantially remove the mist and the sulfur dioxide gas. The recovery system is further structured to pass the exhaust to apertures therein sized to separate the mist from the exhaust, wet itself with the liquid of the mist, and capture the sulfur dioxide gas with the liquid to substantially remove them both from the exhaust.

Abstract: A process for producing surfactant products by reacting, in a jacketed vacuum neutralizing reactor, the acid form of an anionic surfactant with a neutralizing agent, and supplementing heat to the reactor via a heat transfer medium on the jacket, which is not cooling water. The surfactant product made by such a process may exhibit a solids concentration of from about 50% by weight or greater. A vacuum reactor that has a heating jacket using a heat transfer medium, such as steam, that is not cooling water, and can function both as a neutralizing reactor and an evaporator is also contemplated.

Abstract: An improvement to the melt transesterification process for the preparation of polycarbonate is disclosed. The improvement entails adding to the process between its medium viscosity reactor and a high viscosity reactor at least one bridged ester of organic sulphur-containing acid.

Abstract: This invention presents a sulphurous acid generator which employs a combination of novel blending contact and mixing mechanisms which maximize the efficiency and duration of contact between sulphur dioxide gas and water to form sulphurous acid in an open nonpressurized system, without employing a countercurrent absorption tower.

Abstract: This invention presents a sulphurous acid generator which employs a combination of novel blending, contact and mixing mechanisms which maximize the efficiency and duration of contact between sulphur dioxide gas and water to form sulphurous acid in an open nonpressurized system, without employing a countercurrent absorption tower. The present invention also incorporates a novel high temperature concrete for use in constructing portions of the present invention.

Abstract: This invention presents a sulphurous acid generator which employs a combination of novel blending, contact and mixing mechanisms which injects sulphur gases into aqueous solution or which maximize the efficiency and duration of contact between sulphur dioxide gas and water or aqueous solution to form sulphurous acid in an open nonpressurized system, without employing a countercurrent absorption tower. The present invention also incorporates a novel high temperature concrete for use in constructing portions of the present invention.

Abstract: A sulfuric acid production vessel is provided that oxidatively processes elemental sulfur or elemental sulfur-bearing materials to produce sulfuric acid. The vessel maximizes sulfuric acid production from elemental sulfur-bearing materials by enhancing solids retention of unreacted elemental sulfur by an associated settling device. The vessel may be operatively linked to one or more additional vessels in which the elemental sulfur-bearing material, or portions thereof are subjected to further processing, and thus further increase the yield of sulfuric acid produced.

Abstract: This invention presents a sulphurous acid generator which employs a combination of novel mechanisms which maximize the efficiency and duration of contact between sulphur dioxide gas and water to form sulphurous acid in an open nonpressurized system. The present invention also incorporates a novel high temperature concrete for use in constructing portions of the present invention. The present invention also employs means for substantially eliminating any discharge plume.

Abstract: This invention presents a sulphurous acid generator which employs a combination of novel blending contact and mixing mechanisms which maximize the efficiency and duration of contact between sulphur dioxide gas and water to form sulphurous acid in an open nonpressurized system, without employing a countercurrent absorption tower.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for producing sulfur comprises a vessel containing a plurality of spaced-apart channels each having an upstream end communicating with an upstream manifold and a downstream end communicating with a downstream manifold. Each channel comprises a single, continuous, uninterrupted conversion stage terminating at the downstream channel end. A first mixture, of SO2 and air from the sulfur burner, is introduced into the upstream manifold and flows as a stream through each of the channels where the stream is cooled and the SO2 is converted in the conversion stage to SO3 to produce, at the downstream channel end, a second mixture consisting essentially of SO3 and air. The first mixture is not cooled between the sulfur burner and the converter. The stream flowing through the conversion stage is maintained at a temperature which sustains conversion of SO2 to SO3, without diluting the stream with a cooling fluid or diverting the stream outside the channel contained in the converter vessel.

Abstract: This invention presents a sulphurous acid generator which employs a combination of novel blending, contact and mixing mechanisms which maximize the efficiency and duration of contact between sulphur dioxide gas and water to form sulphurous acid in an open nonpressurized system, without employing a countercurrent absorption tower. The present invention also incorporates a novel high temperature concrete for use in constructing portions of the present invention.

Abstract: This invention presents a sulphurous acid generator which employs a combination of novel blending, contact and mixing mechanisms which maximize the efficiency and duration of contact between sulphur dioxide gas and water to form sulphurous acid in an open nonpressurized system, without employing a countercurrent absorption tower. The present invention also incorporates a novel high temperature concrete for use in constructing portions of the present invention.

Abstract: This invention presents a sulphurous acid generator which employs a combination of novel blending contact and mixing mechanisms which maximize the efficiency and duration of contact between sulphur dioxide gas and water enriched with air/oxygen to form sulphurous acid in an open nonpressurized system, without employing a countercurrent absorption tower.

Abstract: Pyro sulfuric acid is employed to decontaminate air. Contaminated air is contacted with pyro sulfuric acid in a pyro sulfuric acid system, and released as decontaminated air. The system can be especially useful in a chemical/biological/nuclear defense module.

Abstract: An acid gas burner and reactor apparatus, and method when used in the Claus process, are improved over the prior art by the provision of a substantially continuous circular slot for the flow of a reactant gas from an annular conduit into the open outflow end of a conduit that is located centrally of the annular conduit and through which flows pressure air, or air enriched with oxygen, the circular slot surrounding the open discharge end of the central conduit so as to discharge an annular curtain of the reactant gas into the flow of pressure air, or oxygen enriched air.

Abstract: This invention presents a sulphurous acid generator which employs a combination of novel blending, contact and mixing mechanisms which maximize the efficiency and duration of contact between sulphur dioxide gas and water to form sulphurous acid in an open nonpressurized system, without employing a countercurrent absorption tower. The present invention also incorporates a novel high temperature concrete for use in constructing portions of the present invention.