Abstract: Disclosed is a method for sterilizing an article with hydrogen peroxide in a reaction vessel, comprising: maintaining an inner space of the reaction vessel at a vacuum pressure lower than an equilibrium vapor pressure of hydrogen peroxide; heating the inner space of the reaction vessel to a temperature from 30 to 60° C.; injecting a hydrogen peroxide solution into the inner space of the reaction vessel; thermally vaporizing the hydrogen peroxide solution within the reaction vessel; sealing the inner space of the reaction vessel and maintaining the article in a hydrogen peroxide vapor atmosphere; and introducing external gas into the inner space of the reaction vessel to increase the pressure of the inner space to a predetermined value not more than the atmospheric pressure. The method allows the effective sterilization of an article having a narrow, long lumen.

Abstract: The apparatus for decomposing PFCs includes an external electrode unit which is coupled to a reference voltage and which defines a flow space for the flow of the PFCs, and an internal electrode unit which is located within the flow space of the external electrode unit so as to define a reaction space between the internal electrode unit and the external electrode unit. The apparatus is also equipped with a voltage supply unit which applies an alternating voltage to the internal electrode unit which is of sufficient voltage and frequency to generate an electron beam within the reaction space which is capable of decomposing the PFCs.

Abstract: An electro-kinetic air mover for creating an airflow using no moving parts. The electro-kinetic air mover includes an ion generator that has an electrode assembly including a first array of emitter electrodes, a second array of collector electrodes, and a high voltage generator. Preferably, a third or leading or focus electrode is located upstream of the first array of emitter electrodes, and/or a trailing electrode is located downstream of the second array of collector electrodes. The device can also include an interstitial electrode located between collector electrodes, an enhanced collector electrode with an integrally formed trailing end, and an enhanced emitter electrode with an enhanced length in order to increase emissivity.

Abstract: A plasma decomposition apparatus and method for carbon dioxide decomposes carbon dioxide in a non-thermal plasma state into carbon and oxygen. The apparatus includes: a reactor for decomposing carbon dioxide with an inlet for inflow of carbon dioxide and a outlet for discharge of carbon and oxygen; a plurality of anodes placed in the reactor, having a rod shape elongated in a length direction; a plurality of cathodes placed among the plurality of anodes in the reactor, having a rod shape elongated in the length direction; and a power source applying a predetermined voltage between the plurality of anodes and the plurality of cathodes.

Abstract: Catalyst beds for monopropellant propulsion systems are heated by resistance heating through a conductive material that is incorporated in the catalyst bed and a pair of electrodes on opposite sides of the bed. Imposition of a voltage across the electrodes to heat the bed is performed at will without consumption of any heating components, and heating of the bed is achieved rapidly and uniformly across the entire bed.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an apparatus and method for manufacturing ultra-fine particles using corona discharge capable of manufacturing the ultra-fine particles nanometers in size from a reaction gas using the corona discharge. In the apparatus for manufacturing ultra-fine particles of the present invention, a reaction gas feeder supplies a nozzle with reaction gas, and the reaction gas is injected. When a power supply applies a high voltage to the nozzle, the corona discharge occurs at the nozzle. Thus, the injected reaction gas is dissolved, and a large number of ultra-fine particles are produced. Then, a collection plate collects the ultra-fine particles. In addition, a duct encloses the nozzle, so that a passage is formed between the nozzle and duct. Sheath gas supplied to the passage of the duct forms a gas curtain between the nozzle and the collection plate, so that the gas curtain leads the flow of the ultra-fine particles.

Abstract: Provided are methods for enhancing adsorption of molecules, and particularly essentially non-polar molecules, such as hydrogen and hydrocarbons, as well as methods of storing and releasing such molecules from an adsorbent. Also provided are storage units for the storage and release of such molecules.

Abstract: An air-transporter conditioner device includes a housing defining an inlet and an outlet. An electro-kinetic system is disposed in the housing to create an airflow moving from the inlet to the outlet. A timer measures a time period corresponding to the electro-kinetic system and causes an indicator light to illuminate when the measured period reaches a threshold. An arc sensing circuit detects arcing between the first and second electrode arrays of the electro-kinetic system. The electro-kinetic system is turned off in response to arcing being detected by the arc sensing circuit. An indicator light can also specify that arcing has been detected.

Abstract: Particulate pollutants such as carbonaceous particles are removed from an engine exhaust stream by passing the exhaust stream through an exhaust gas reactor, the exhaust stream first traversing a charging zone wherein the particles are charged via a corona discharge, and thereafter traversing a downstream collection zone wherein the charged particles are collected and eliminated by a collector/reactor having an oppositely charged reactive collecting surface.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for treating an exhaust gas in a foreline of a substrate processing system are provided herein. In some embodiments, an apparatus for treating an exhaust gas in a foreline of a substrate processing system includes a plasma source coupled to a foreline of a process chamber, a reagent source coupled to the foreline upstream of the plasma source, and a foreline gas injection kit coupled to the foreline to controllably deliver a gas to the foreline, wherein the foreline injection kit includes a pressure regulator to set a foreline gas delivery pressure setpoint, and a first pressure gauge coupled to monitor a delivery pressure of the gas upstream of the foreline.

Abstract: A method and system for producing quantum confined metal nitride. The method includes immersing two electrodes into a nitrogen environment wherein at least one electrode includes an indium electrode, and passing an arc between the electrodes. The system includes a container for holding a bath of liquid nitrogen, two electrodes disposed inside the container so as to be immersed into the bath of liquid nitrogen, at least one of the two electrodes being a metal electrode, and a voltage source connected to the electrodes and configured to pass an arc between the electrodes.

Abstract: Suspect contaminated water is sanitized by treating it to produce a clean water stream and a waste water stream. A portion of the waste water stream is electrolyzed to provide a solution containing hypochlorite ions, a quantity of which is mixed with the suspect water in sufficient quantity to sanitize the suspect water and maintain sufficient residual chlorine to prevent re-contamination.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for PM purification, where good PM purification performance can be achieved. The PM purification apparatus includes (a) a honeycomb support having an outer periphery-side region and an inner-side region, which carries a PM oxidation catalyst and in which the PM oxidation catalyst loading per unit volume of support in the outer periphery-side region is greater than the PM oxidation catalyst loading per unit volume of support in the inner-side region, (b) a center electrode passing through the center part of the honeycomb support and extending to the exhaust gas flow upstream side, and (c) an outer peripheral electrode disposed on the outer periphery of the honeycomb support and electrically insulated from the center electrode by the honeycomb support. The PM purification method can be performed using the PM purification apparatus.

Abstract: A system, method and apparatus for achieving an energy gain through fusion by removing electrons from a hydrogen atom prior to initiating fusion, including an electrolysis unit configured to manufacture hydrogen from water; an ionization chamber coupled to the electrolysis unit and configured to separate electrons from the manufactured hydrogen, wherein the electrons are separated from protons in a nucleus of a hydrogen atom; a proton collection chamber coupled to the ionization chamber and configured to collect the protons in a resting state; and a fusion chamber coupled to the proton collection chamber and configured to emit electromagnetic radiation on the collected protons to achieve fusion and an energy gain.

Abstract: A fuel pretreater apparatus for pretreating fuel for combustion is provided. A conversion tube is provided for vaporized fuel to flow therethrough. The conversion tube includes an intake end for receiving the vaporized fuel and an outlet end for dispersing the vaporized fuel. The conversion tube includes a hollow tapered interior wall having a narrower diameter near the intake end and a wider diameter near the outlet end. A tapered conversion rod is removably placed inside the conversion tube. The tapered conversion rod is conically tapered along at least one half of a length of the tapered conversion rod. The tapered conversion rod includes a narrow end corresponding to the narrower diameter of the conversion tube near the intake end and a wide end corresponding to the wider diameter of the conversion tube near the outlet end.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a chemical hydride is described and which includes a pseudo-plasma-electrolysis reactor which is operable to receive a solution capable of forming a chemical hydride and which further includes a cathode and a movable anode, and wherein the anode is moved into and out of fluidic, ohmic electrical contact with the solution capable of forming a chemical hydride and which further, when energized produces an oxygen plasma which facilitates the formation of a chemical hydride in the solution.

Abstract: An air purifier has an air flow cavity bounded by cavity walls and a source of ultraviolet light emitting ultraviolet light within the cavity. The cavity walls have an ultraviolet light reflective coating. A plurality of photocatalytic particles are associated with the reflective coating. The photocatalytic particles are of a type which leads to production of oxygen and hydroxyl free radicals when illuminated with ultraviolet light in the presence of water.

Abstract: Provided are a method of and an apparatus for rapidly and effectively mixing fluids even in a laminar flow regime with a very low Reynold's number by applying AC power with a resonant frequency to more effectively induce electrokinetic instability. Also provided are a method of and an apparatus for mixing fluids in which the degree of mixing of the fluids can be varied with time by applying AC power with a lower frequency than a resonant frequency to synchronize a pattern of mixing fluids with the AC power.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for producing carbohydrates and oxygen from water and carbon dioxide, wherein the method comprises irradiating a circularly polarized rotating electromagnetic wave to a reactant comprising water and carbon dioxide to produce carbohydrates and oxygen.

Abstract: A plasma generating electrode includes two types of plate-shaped unit electrodes of different polarities, the two types of unit electrodes of different polarities being hierarchically and alternately stacked at specific intervals, a discharge space for generating plasma being formed between the opposing unit electrodes, each of the unit electrodes of one polarity among the two types of unit electrodes of different polarities including a plate-shaped conductor exhibiting conductivity and a ceramic dielectric disposed to cover the conductor, the ceramic dielectric of the unit electrode of one polarity including a support protrusion for forming the discharge space for generating plasma between the opposing unit electrodes and at least a part of a space in which the unit electrode of the other polarity is disposed opposite to the unit electrode of one polarity and for supporting the unit electrode of one polarity, the support protrusion being integrally formed with the ceramic dielectric on at least one surface o

Abstract: A silent discharge plasma apparatus includes a dielectric member, a pair of electrodes opposed to each other across the dielectric member and an alternating-current source applying an alternating-current voltage between the electrodes and causing a discharge. A gas is supplied to a discharge space, where discharge occurs, and a plasma is produced. At least one of the electrodes includes a conductive power feeding thin film on the dielectric member. When the dielectric member is destroyed and an arc discharge develops between the electrodes, the power feeding thin film is eliminated or oxidized, and the arc discharge is stopped.

Abstract: A cascade source provided with a cathode housing, a number of cascade plates insulated from each other and stacked on top of each other which together bound at least one plasma channel, and an anode plate provided with an outflow opening connecting to the plasma channel, wherein one cathode is provided per plasma channel, which cathode comprises an electrode which is adjustable relative to the cathode housing in the direction of the plasma channel, wherein the clamping provision is preferably of the collet chuck type. Also described is method for controlling the cascade source in use.

Abstract: A plasma reactor (10) is provided. The plasma reactor (10) includes a reaction chamber (12) formed by a wall (13). Proximate to the first end of the reaction chamber, the plasma reactor includes a feed gas inlet (14) for creating a reverse vortex gas flow (16) in the reaction chamber. The plasma reactor (10) also includes an anode and a cathode connected to a power source for generation of an electric arc for plasma generation in said reaction chamber. The plasma reactor (10) may optionally include a movable electrode adapted for movement from a first, ignition position to a second, operational position in the reaction chamber. Also provided is a method of converting light hydrocarbons to hydrogen-rich gas, using the plasma reactor of the invention.

Abstract: An air treatment apparatus that includes a housing; a plurality of electrodes, at least one of which receives liquid from a liquid supply; and a power supply. The power supply is operable to establish an electric potential between a portion of the liquid-receiving electrode and the other electrode so that the air treatment apparatus produces a liquid mist having a bipolar distribution of liquid particles.

Abstract: A germicidal lamp can selectively direct germicidal light emitted within an air transporting and/or conditioning system. The system can include a housing, an emitter electrode configured within the housing, and a collector electrode configured within the housing and located downstream from the emitter electrode. The system can further include a driver electrode that can be removed from the housing through a side portion of the housing. The driver electrode can be insulated with a dielectric material and/or a catalyst. A removable trailing electrode can be configured within the housing and located downstream from the collector electrode. A first voltage source can be electrically coupled to the emitter electrode and the collector electrode, and a second voltage source can be electrically coupled to the trailing electrode. The second voltage source can be independently and selectively controllable from the first voltage source.

Abstract: Gaseous analyte molecules are ionized at atmospheric pressure and provided to an inlet capillary of an ion spectrometer vacuum system by passing the ions through a reaction tube that ends in a conical intermediate piece for a gastight and smooth transition into the inlet capillary. The reaction tube is shaped so that the atmospheric pressure gas stream passing therethrough form the entrance of the tune to the intermediate piece is stably laminar. Analyte molecules from gas chromatographs, spray devices or vaporization devices can be introduced into the entrance of the reaction tube and ionized within the tube by single- or multi-photon ionization, by chemical ionization, by reactant ions or by physical ionization. For single- or multi-photon ionization, a beam from a laser can be passed axially down the reaction tube. Reactant ions can be produced by any means outside of the reaction tube and mixed with the analyte molecules within the tube.

Abstract: An arrangement for the exposure of a pumpable medium to an electric field. The arrangement comprises, at least two power supplies (100) for the generation of electrical voltage, at least one non-conducting chamber (102) for pumping said pumpable medium, which said at least one chamber (102) is provided with a first (106) and a second electrode plate (108), a control means (104) for controlling said at least two power supplies (100). During control the control means (104), by synchronous control, establishes a series connection between at least two of said at least two power supplies (100), the first electrode plate (106) and the second electrode plate (108). A resulting composite voltage arises between the first (106) and the second electrode plate (108), which resulting composite voltage will result in an electric field between the first (106) and the second electrode plate (108). The pumpable medium is exposed to the electric field.

Abstract: A method for producing a cyanide including the steps of supplying a hydrocarbon and nitrogen source to an onsite plasma reactor and removing cyanide synthesised inside the onsite plasma reactor to thereby produce the cyanide is disclosed. Also disclosed is a method which includes a monitor for monitoring the cyanide requirement of an onsite cyanide utilising system and supplying the hydrocarbon and nitrogen source in accordance with the cyanide requirement. Additionally, a method for recovering, refining, purifying or treating a metal including the steps of monitoring a cyanide requirement of the method and supplying to the method in a just in time sequence a cyanide synthesised onsite to thereby recover, refine, purify or treat the metal is disclosed.

Abstract: The system and method for conversion of molecular weights of fluids includes an elongate metallic pipe. A fluid is caused to flow through the pipe. A center electrode is mounted within the pipe coaxially with the pipe axis and the flow direction, the electrode being insulated from the pipe wall. The center electrode and the pipe wall are connected to the terminals of a voltage source to create an electric field extending radially between the center electrode and the pipe wall. A source of gamma radiation positioned either within the center electrode or external to the pipe directs gamma rays transverse to the direction of fluid flow. The combined radiation and electric field disrupts chemical bonds, creating ionization zones and resulting in the formation of lower-molecular-weight compounds. Optionally, a magnetic field may be superimposed in the direction of fluid flow.

Abstract: The system and method for conversion of molecular weights of fluids includes an elongate metallic pipe. A liquid, e.g., a hydrocarbon liquid, is caused to flow through the pipe. A center electrode is mounted within the pipe coaxially with the pipe axis and the flow direction, the electrode being insulated from the pipe wall. The center electrode and the pipe wall are connected to the terminals of a voltage source to create an electric field extending radially between the center electrode and the pipe wall. A source of gamma radiation positioned either within the center electrode or external to the pipe directs gamma rays transverse to the direction of fluid flow. The combined radiation and electric field disrupts carbon-sulfur, carbon-hydrogen, and carbon-carbon bonds, creating ionization zones and resulting in the formation of lower molecular weight compounds. Optionally, a magnetic field may be superimposed in the direction of fluid flow.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for treating fumes generated during the production, conversion and/or handling of oil-based products and a device for carrying out said method. The invention further relates to the use of the method or device in which the trapping device comprises at least one fluidized bed of granular material in the preparation of a granular material for use in production of road materials.

Abstract: A sterilizer includes: a supply source for a sterilizing agent; a first sterilization chamber and a second sterilization chamber each adapted to be filled with the sterilizing agent while placing an object therein so as to subject the object to a sterilization treatment; a first pipe line connecting the supply source and each of the first sterilization chamber and the second sterilization chamber; a second pipe line connecting the first sterilization chamber and the second sterilization chamber; and a supply mechanism adapted to allow a residual part of the sterilizing agent used for the sterilization treatment in the first sterilization chamber to be introduced into the second sterilization chamber via the second pipe line.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for purifying silicon by exposing liquid silicon to a plasma, wherein the silicon flows continuously into a channel so that the free surface thereof is exposed to the plasma. The disclosure also relates to a device for implementing the method.

Abstract: Disclosed are method and apparatus for generating compound plasma and electro-thermal cooking apparatus using the compound plasma. An electro-thermal cooking apparatus has an evaporator for generating water vapor by heating water therein with electric energy, a blast nozzle for blasting the water vapor supplied from the evaporator, and an electric discharge means, installed in an insulating body around the blast nozzle, for making the water vapor electrically discharged by applying strong energy to the water vapor blasted from the blast nozzle so as to convert the water vapor into compound plasma of hydrogen plasma and oxygen plasma. The compound plasma is used as an energy transfer medium for a cooking utensil. According to the present invention, efficiency of heat transfer is improved because the compound plasma of high temperature of which energy density is relatively high is used, although it employs electrically heating method. The heating time can also be reduced even with a downsized device.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for producing nanoparticles in a dense fluid medium. The method is based on the formation of nanoparticles from nanoparticle precursors in a dense fluid medium in which a plasma discharge is created between electrodes submerged in the dense fluid medium. The electrodes define a plasma discharge zone between opposing electrode discharge faces and further define an internal cavitation zone into which a cavitation gas is released, creating bubbles in the dense fluid medium. The result is the efficient production of nanoparticles using a high-frequency, high-voltage electric field to react dense-phase precursors in an atmospheric pressure, low temperature environment.

Abstract: Provided is a gas isolation valve which separates reactive materials, principally gases, contained in a high temperature reactor from the surrounding atmosphere. The valve is of modular construction with each module having a gas providing section and a gas removal section. Any number of modules can be provided in series. A central chamber, open at each end gives unimpeded access to the high temperature reactor. It is through the central chamber that the product of the reactor is removed and harvested. In the case of Ilas invention the product is carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: A plasma reactor includes a reaction container having an inlet 4 for a reforming target gas and an outlet for a reformed gas, a pair of electrodes that generate plasma and are disposed opposite to each other in an inner space of the reaction container, a pulse power supply that applies a voltage between the pair of electrodes, and a catalyst that promotes a reforming reaction of the reforming target gas, one electrode being a honeycomb electrode that is formed of a conductive ceramic and includes a plurality of cells that are defined by a partition wall, the other electrode being disposed opposite to an end face of the honeycomb electrode, the catalyst being supported on the partition wall of the honeycomb electrode, and a concave surface being formed in a center area of the end face of the honeycomb electrode that opposes the opposite electrode.

Abstract: A device for reforming gas vapors of an internal combustion engine comprising a voltage multiplier unit, a gas vapor treatment means and a gas vapor reforming means disposed within the gas vapor treatment means and in communication with said voltage multiplier unit, said gas vapor treatment means having a treatment chamber in communication with a gas vapor intake port and gas vapor discharge port, gas vapor intake port being capable of communicating with air passages of the internal combustion engine and said gas vapor discharge port being capable of communicating with said air induction system, said gas vapor reforming means is preferably an electronic emitter disposed within the treatment chamber being capable of introducing electrons for dissociating ions of gas vapor being introduced therein, characterized in that a current regulating means being in communication with said voltage multiplier unit and gas vapor reforming means, said current regulating means is being made such that it is capable of automati

Abstract: An ion generating device generates O2?(H2O)n (where n is a natural number) as negative ions and H+(H2O)m (where m is a natural number) as positive ions, and discharges those ions into the air so that airborne germs are killed through an oxidation reaction by hydrogen peroxide H2O2 or radical hydroxyl OH generated through as an active species a chemical reaction between the negative and positive ions. Satisfactory sterilization is achieved when the negative and positive ions are generated in such a way that the concentrations of the negative and positive ions are both 10,000 ion/cc at a distance of 10 cm from the point at which they are generated.

Abstract: A plasma reactor consisting of a plurality of elements placed between two or more plasma generating electrodes is presented. Said elements consisting of surfaces, conducting, and/or dielectric which allow for the dielectric isolation of the electrodes from each other and creating a plurality of dielectrically isolated spaces for plasma generation. This plasma reactor achieves a high surface area, with low capacitance allowing simplified construction and is suitable for high frequency operation.

Abstract: The present invention is a vitrification and gasification system that operates at elevated pressures. The system includes a processing chamber having numerous penetrations, and seals for effectively sealing the penetrations to the processing chamber.

Abstract: The invention provides microchannel lasers having a microplasma gain medium. Lasers of the invention can be formed in semiconductor materials, and can also be formed in polymer materials. In a microlaser of the invention, high density plasmas are produced in microchannels. The microplasma acts as a gain medium with the electrodes sustaining the plasma in the microchannel. Reflectors are used with the microchannel for obtaining optical feedback to obtain lasing in the microplasma gain medium in devices of the invention for a wide range of atomic and molecular species. Several atomic and molecular gain media will produce sufficiently high gain coefficients that reflectors (mirrors) are not necessary. Microlasers of the invention are based on microplasma generation in channels of various geometries. Preferred embodiment microlaser designs can be fabricated in semiconductor materials, such as Si wafers, by standard photolithographic techniques, or in polymers by replica molding.

Abstract: To provide a plasma generator having plasma-generating zone of increased volume. A plasma generator 110 has a cylindrical casing 11 made of a sintered ceramic produced from alumina (Al2O3) as a raw material. The casing 11 has a slit-like gas inlet 11i and a plurality of cylindrical gas outlets 11o. From the gas inlet 11i to the top of the plasma-generating zone P, the slit width (the front-to-back direction with respect to the sheet of FIG. 2.A, and the left-to right direction in FIG. 2.B) is adjusted to 1 mm, and gas outlets 11o each having an inner diameter of 1 to 2 mm are formed in straight line along the longitudinal direction of the plasma-generating zone P. The plasma-generating zone P has a square cross-section normal to the longitudinal direction having a side of 2 to 5 mm. Each of the surfaces of the electrodes 2a, 2b facing each other has a plurality of recesses (hollow portions).

Abstract: An ozone generator for providing ozone enriched air that comprises a body for defining a chamber for air flow therethrough and an ultraviolet lamp disposed in said chamber for irradiating the air passing through said chamber to convert oxygen molecules to ozone molecules. The device further comprises an air inlet for introducing air and a diffuser for diffusing the introduced air about said lamp. The diffuser has an annular flange with a plurality of apertures therein, said annular flange extending inwardly from a cylindrical portion encircling the annular flange, the cylindrical portion abutting and extending from the annular wall. The device further comprises an air outlet for discharging ozone enriched air.

Abstract: A method of converting non-fresh water to fresh water, referred to as the “Rosenbaum-Weisz Process”, is disclosed. The Process utilizes high temperature electrolysis to decompose the treated non-fresh water into hydrogen and oxygen. The generated hydrogen and oxygen are then combusted at elevated pressure in a high temperature combustor to generate high pressure high temperature superheated steam. The combustion of hydrogen and oxygen at elevated high pressure will prevent air from entering the combustor thereby preventing the creation of nitrous oxide (“NOX”) that might otherwise be created as a result of the high temperature created by the combustion. The heat from the high pressure high temperature superheated steam is then removed by a high temperature heat exchanger system and recycled back to the high temperature electrolysis unit. The superheated steam will condense, as a result of the heat extraction by the heat exchanger system, to produce fresh water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an air filtration system and a method for making a photocatalytic oxidation substrate by powder coating a photocatalyst onto a metal substrate.

Abstract: A system including nanostructure arrays for converting carbon dioxide to an organic compound, e.g., methanol, which does so, for example, without any external electric energy. In one embodiment, the system for converting carbon dioxide to an organic compound includes an array of nanotubes, which include nanoparticles of an electron mediator, e.g. palladium, dispersed on a surface of the nanotubes, and an electrically conductive fluid. The array of nanotubes is at least partially immersed in the electrically conductive fluid. The system further includes a light source that irradiates the array of nanotubes, a source of carbon dioxide, and an inlet for delivering the carbon dioxide to the electrically conductive fluid whereat at least a portion of the carbon dioxide is converted to a different organic compound, such as methanol, via contact with an irradiated array of nanotubes. In one example, the array is an ordered array of titania nanotubes.

Abstract: A process and reactor for chemical conversion is taught. The process allows the selective breaking of chemical bonds in a molecule by use of fast rise alternating current or fast rise pulsed direct current, each fast rise portion being selected to have a suitable voltage and frequency to break a selected chemical bond in a molecule. The reactor for carrying out such a process includes a chamber for containing the molecule and a generator for generating and applying the selected fast rise current.

Abstract: An apparatus 1A for processing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) includes: a processing chamber 3 for housing to-be-processed liquid 2 with CNT raw material 5 to be fragmented being suspended in a solvent 4; and a pulse irradiation light source 10 for applying pulse light having a predetermined wavelength for fragmentation of the CNTs in the solvent 4 to the to-be-processed liquid 2 housed in the processing chamber 3. This achieves a method and apparatus for processing carbon nanotubes that can fragment CNTs efficiently, and carbon nanotube dispersion liquid and carbon nanotube powder produced by the same.

Abstract: An electro-kinetic electro-static air conditioner includes a self-contained ion generator that provides electro-kinetically moved air with ions and safe amounts of ozone. The ion generator includes a high voltage pulse generator whose output pulses are coupled between first and second electrode arrays. Preferably the first array comprises one or more wire electrodes spaced staggeringly apart from a second array comprising hollow “U”-shaped electrodes. Preferably a ratio between effective area of an electrode in the second array compared to effective area of an electrode in the first array exceeds about 15:1 and preferably is about 20:1. An electric field produced by the high voltage pulses between the arrays produces an electrostatic flow of ionized air containing safe amounts of ozone. A bias electrode, electrically coupled to the second array electrodes, affects net polarity of ions generated. The outflow of ionized air and ozone is thus conditioned.