Abstract: The invention relates to a water treatment using an UV AOP. The invention combines an UV AOP (11) applied to a water containing a free chlorine species (8) with a chemical post treatment (14), a quenching. The quenching (14) is applied to said water (9) after the UV AOP (11) able to reduce a remaining content of said free chlorine species in said water (9).

Abstract: A gaseous fluid-operated ozone supply unit includes a housing, output duct, ozone generator, air induction member and controller. The air induction member is located between the air inlet portion and ozone generator of the housing. The output duct has a coupling end and an extension end. The coupling end is connected with the ozone outlet, while the extension end is extended to a preset target for the ozone. The preset target must he capable of guiding the stream so that the output duct could generate negative pressure. The ozone supply unit provided enables to control ozone's opening and closing state through air-operated negative pressure. The ozone supply unit can maintain the flow rate and smoothness of the water supply passage, so as to remove impurities and dirt in water and prevent blocking or even disabling of active magnetic inductor for improved applicability and ease of operation.

Abstract: A system employs a closed electrolyzer vessel into which water is circulated, and an electrode plate assembly is immersed to dissociate water into hydrogen and oxygen gases. Only water is used as the electrolyte fluid. An air injector in the water return line injects air bubbling for enhanced dissociation of water. The electrode plate assembly is formed by one or more unit stacks of 7-plates each, including two outer cathode plates, a middle anode plate, and spaced inner plates. The generated gases are maintained in a stable condition by an electromagnetic coil assembly that separates the hydrogen gas from oxygen gas. The system can obtain 180% reduction in fuel usage in a vehicle engine, and 20 times reduction in carbon exhaust. It can obtain a 500% increase in fuel efficiency in an electrical power generator.

Abstract: A device for processing a hydrocarbon resource may include a hydrocarbon processing container configured to receive the hydrocarbon resource therein and having a pair of opposing ends with an enlarged width medial portion therebetween. The device may also include a radio frequency (RF) source, and a spirally wound electrical conductor surrounding the hydrocarbon processing container and coupled to the RF source. The spirally wound electrical conductor may be configured to generate magnetic fields within the hydrocarbon processing container that are parallel with an axis thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to the treatment of a medium, particularly to the purification of water, air, or surfaces. A photo-active layer (120) is disposed on an energy-transfer surface (111) of a substrate (110). Thus light energy transfer from said substrate (110) to the photoactive layer (120) is directly achieved without an intermediate passage through the medium. The substrate (110) may preferably be a waveguide from which light energy is transferred into the photoactive layer (120) via evanescent waves. Moreover, the optical coupling between the substrate (110) and the photoactive layer (120) may spatially vary.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for preparing silicon nanoparticles. The apparatus includes a corona discharge section charging silicon nanoparticles to exhibit unipolarity in order to prevent agglomeration of the silicon nanoparticles after the silicon nanoparticles are generated from an injected gas by plasma reaction of an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) coil. The apparatus may facilitate grain size control of silicon nanoparticles while improving discharge performance of a mesh filter for collection of generated nanoparticles by preventing agglomeration of the silicon nanoparticles generated by plasma reaction using inductively coupled plasma (ICP), and may permit replacement of the mesh filter even during operation of the apparatus, thereby improving productivity while reducing manufacturing costs.

Abstract: A photoreactive system for preserving produce is provided. The photoreactive system may include a body member including an outer wall, an inner wall, a proximal vented section, a distal vented section, a void between an inner surface of the outer wall and an outer surface of the inner wall defined as an outer chamber, and a void defined by an inner surface of the inner wall defined as an inner chamber, a light source configured to emit light within a wavelength range and a plurality of photoreactive pellets configured to react to the light emitted by the light source to remove at least one of bacteria, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and ethylene. The plurality of photoreactive pellets may be positioned within the outer chamber. The light source may be positioned within the inner chamber. The proximal and distal vented sections may be configured to permit a gaseous flow therethrough.

Abstract: The present invention provides a plasma reactor for abating hazardous materials generated in a low-pressure process during a process of manufacturing a display or a semiconductor. A plasma reactor for abating hazardous materials according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: a first ground electrode and a second ground electrode disposed at a distance from each other; a dielectric fixed between the first ground electrode and the second ground electrode; and at least one driving electrode disposed on an outer surface of the dielectric, being spaced apart from the first ground electrode and the second ground electrode and connected to an AC power supply unit to receive a driving voltage therefrom.

Abstract: The present disclosure is drawn to methods and systems for producing solutions containing ultrafine metal particles. The method for producing ultrafine metal particles in an aqueous medium includes providing a reaction chamber having a transition metal anode and a transition metal cathode disposed therein. The reaction chamber can also contain an aqueous medium. An anode and cathode are associated at a distance with respect to one another such that when activated by a power source, a discharge arc occurs between the anode and cathode within the aqueous medium. Activation of a power source causes the discharge arc to occur between the anode and the cathode, thereby generating ultrafine metal particles suspended within the aqueous medium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to single walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), functionalized CNTs and carbon nanotube composites with controlled properties, to a method for aerosol synthesis of single walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, functionalized CNTs and carbon nanotube composites with controlled properties from pre-made catalyst particles and a carbon source in the presence of reagents and additives, to functional, matrix and composite materials composed thereof and structures and devices fabricated from the same in continuous or batch CNT reactors. The present invention allows all or part of the processes of synthesis of CNTs, their purification, doping, functionalization, coating, mixing and deposition to be combined in one continuous procedure and in which the catalyst synthesis, the CNT synthesis, and their functionalization, doping, coating, mixing and deposition can be separately controlled.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in two or more vaults that can share a common wall.

Abstract: A fluid filtration apparatus, which includes a plurality of optical fibers each having a length, wherein one or more of the plurality of optical fibers exhibits frustrated total internal reflection, thereby emitting light along the length of one or more of the optical fibers, in combination with a photocatalyst disposed on the plurality of optical fibers and a light source interconnected to the plurality of optical fibers.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, equipment, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in a vault in which hazardous gases are removed, destroyed and/or converted. The treatments are efficient and can reduce the recalcitrance of the lignocellulosic material so that it is easier to produce an intermediate or product, e.g., sugars, alcohols, sugar alcohols and energy, from the lignocellulosic material.

Abstract: The plasma generating apparatus includes: an antenna chamber which is disposed adjacently to a plasma chamber that produces a plasma, and which is exhausted to vacuum; an antenna which is disposed in the antenna chamber, and which radiates a high-frequency wave; a partition plate which is made of an insulator, which separates the plasma chamber from the antenna chamber to block a gas from entering the antenna chamber, and which allows the high-frequency wave radiated from the antenna to pass through the partition plate; and a magnet device which is disposed outside the plasma chamber, and which generates a magnetic field for causing electron cyclotron resonance in the plasma chamber.

Abstract: A device for processing a hydrocarbon resource may include a hydrocarbon processing container configured to receive the hydrocarbon resource therein and having a pair of opposing ends with an enlarged width medial portion therebetween. The device may also include a radio frequency (RF) source, and a first spirally wound electrical conductor surrounding the hydrocarbon processing container and coupled to the RF source. The device may further include a second spirally wound electrical conductor carried within the hydrocarbon processing container. The first spirally wound electrical conductor may be configured to generate magnetic fields with the hydrocarbon processing container that are parallel with an axis thereof.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods for the treatment and purification of fluids (e.g., water) using a light-emitting diode (LED) light source. In one embodiment, for example, there is provided a fluid flow conduit having an LED light source and a photo-catalytic material disposed therein. The LED light source emits ultraviolet light with a peak wavelength between about 265 nm and about 400 nm. In operation, the photo-catalytic material absorbs the ultraviolet light from the LED light source, and releases free radicals into the fluid. The free radicals then degrade organic substances (e.g., bacteria) in the fluid.

Abstract: A high surface area grid having two mesh sheets aligned in opposite direction to each other is disclosed. One mesh sheet may be horizontally aligned while the other may be vertically aligned. Piezoelectric actuators may be attached along the sides of each wire sheet, employing piezoelectric actuators to allow a precise control of the displacement of the wires. High surface area grid may be employed in the formation of a photoactive material, where semiconductor photocatalysts may be deposited onto high surface area grid. Photoactive material may be employed for a plurality of photocatalytic energy conversion applications such as water splitting and carbon dioxide reduction. Employing a high surface area grid with the capability of dynamically-controlled dimensions may increase efficiency of semiconductor photocatalysts on its surface.

Abstract: A liquid introducing plasma system including a plasma chamber in which a plasma is produced, a plasma generator device which creates the plasma in the chamber, and a spouting device for linearly ejecting a liquid in a linear jet to thereby introduce the liquid into the plasma chamber is disclosed. The plasma system is capable of supplying an ultra-small volume of sample liquid to the plasma while reducing consumption of electrical power required for generation of the plasma.

Abstract: A reactor and process capable of concurrently producing electric power and selectively oxidizing gaseous components in a feed stream, such as hydrocarbons to unsaturated products, which are useful intermediates in the production of liquid fuels. The reactor includes an oxidation membrane, a reduction membrane, an electron barrier, and a conductor. The oxidation membrane and reduction membrane include an MIEC oxide. The electron barrier, located between the oxidation membrane and the reduction membrane, is configured to allow transmission of oxygen anions from the reduction membrane to the oxidation membrane and resist transmission of electrons from the oxidation membrane to the reduction membrane. The conductor conducts electrons from the oxidation membrane to the reduction membrane.

Abstract: A continuous flow reactor for the efficient synthesis of nanoparticles with a high degree of crystallinity, uniform particle size, and homogenous stoichiometry throughout the crystal is described. Disclosed embodiments include a flow reactor with an energy source for rapid nucleation of the procurors following by a separate heating source for growing the nucleates. Segmented flow may be provided to facilitate mixing and uniform energy absorption of the precursors, and post production quality testing in communication with a control system allow automatic real-time adjustment of the production parameters. The nucleation energy source can be monomodal, multimodal, or multivariable frequency microwave energy and tuned to allow different precursors to nucleate at substantially the same time thereby resulting in a substantially homogenous nanoparticle. A shell application system may also be provided to allow one or more shell layers to be formed onto each nanoparticle.

Abstract: A method for sanitizing/sterilizing a container/enclosure for use in the food industry or the beverage industry comprising the steps of: providing a container and/or enclosure; providing an electromagnetic radiation source; controllably exposing the container and/or enclosure to electromagnetic radiation from the electromagnetic radiation source for a period of time; and at least one of sanitizing and sterilizing at least a portion of the container and/or enclosure with the electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for microfluidic processing by programmably manipulating a packet. A material is introduced onto a reaction surface and compartmentalized to form a packet. A position of the packet is sensed with a position sensor. A programmable manipulation force is applied to the packet at the position. The programmable manipulation force is adjustable according to packet position by a controller. The packet is programmably moved according to the programmable manipulation force along arbitrarily chosen paths.

Abstract: A system and method for harvesting oriented light for reducing carbon dioxide to produce fuels, such as methane, are disclosed. The present disclosure also relates to oriented photocatalytic semiconductor surfaces that may include oriented photocatalytic capped colloidal nanocrystals (PCCN) which may form oriented photoactive materials. The disclosed photocatalytic system for harvesting oriented light may include a polarization system that employs reflective or polarizing surfaces, such as mirror surfaces for collecting solar energy, and orient the light rays for maximum absorption and energy conversion on oriented photoactive material. The photocatalytic system may also include elements necessary to collect and transfer methane, for subsequent transformation into electrical energy.

Abstract: The method for sterilizing containers, wherein a treatment head is guided into the interior of a container to be sterilized and the treatment head emits radiation in the interior of the container at least intermittently over a predefined time period (dT), wherein the container is moved relative to the treatment head in a longitudinal direction (L) of the container at least intermittently at a relative movement speed (v) over the predefined time period (dT). The relative movement speed (v) of the treatment head located in the interior of the container varies over the predefined time period and is controlled as a function of an internal profile of the container.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for manufacturing a low melting point nano glass powder. The method includes the steps of: preparing a bismuth-based low melting point glass powder precursor of a micro size, having bismuth (Bi) as the main ingredient; injecting the glass powder precursor into a reaction chamber of a plasma treatment device; applying thermal plasma via a direct current power source to the glass powder precursor injected into the reaction chamber, to vaporize the glass powder precursor; and generating nano glass powder having a nano size by quenching the gas generated by vaporizing the glass powder precursor.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube synthesizing apparatus in which the state of generated plasma can be stabilized is provided. A carbon nanotube synthesizing apparatus 1 comprises a chamber 2, an antenna 3 including a tip 3a, a microwave conductor 4, a gas introducing unit 5, a gas discharging unit 6, a substrate holding unit 7, and a heating unit 8. The shape of the inner wall of the chamber 2 is symmetrical with respect to the tip 3a of the antenna 3.

Abstract: A photocatalytic air purification apparatus and method of fabricating the same. The apparatus may be configured to include a light source surrounded by one or more porous plate substrates. An inner and outer surface of each plate substrate may be coated with a photocatalyst material. The light source may be placed in a direction parallel to the direction of an air flow and in optical proximity to the plate substrates in order to activate the photocatalyst coating. The photocatalyst coating associated with the plate substrates may be activated by absorbing light with a wavelength shorter than a cut-off activation wavelength from the light source in order to capture and decompose organic components and airborne pollutants in the air by the activated photocatalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides a microwave assisted flash pyrolysis system to carry out microwave assisted flash pyrolysis in an industrial scale. The microwave assisted flash pyrolysis system comprises at least one microwave generator; a chamber comprises: at least one feedstock inlet, at least one baffle plate, a microwave-transparent rotating window, and at least one microwave inlet, at least one wet gas outlet, and at least one dry end product outlet. The present invention also provides a method using the same system to carry out microwave assisted flash pyrolysis.

Abstract: A plasma system is disclosed. The system includes: a plasma device including at least one electrode; an ionizable media source coupled to the plasma device and configured to supply ionizable media thereto; a precursor source configured to supply at least one precursor feedstock to the plasma device, wherein the at least one precursor feedstock includes at least one catalyst material; and a power source coupled to the inner and outer electrodes and configured to ignite the ionizable media and the at least one precursor feedstock at the plasma device to form a plasma effluent.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method of irradiating fluent food products. The present invention utilizes a transmissive wall having a convex surface. A source of radiation is positioned on a side of the transmissive wall that is opposite the convex surface so that when the radiation source is emitting radiation energy, the radiation energy passes through the transmissive wall, thereby irradiating fluent food product that is flowing in contact with the convex surface.

Abstract: The present invention discloses high pressure flow reactor vessels and associated systems. Also disclosed are processes for producing thiol compounds and sulfide compounds utilizing these flow reactor vessels.

Abstract: A facility (1) for sterilizing objects by electron bombardment includes a first conveyor and a second conveyor which are used for transporting objects and placed on either side of a treatment chamber. The facility is provided with an input rotatable conveyor designed for moving said objects and located between the first conveyor and the chamber, and an output rotatable conveyor also designed for displacing objects and located between said chamber and the second conveyor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for refining UMG Si including a vacuum chamber, a cold crucible disposed within the vacuum chamber, a device disposed within the vacuum chamber to supply Si to the cold crucible, a steam plasma torch disposed above the cold crucible to apply steam plasma formed by introducing a reactive gas into plasma flame by an inert gas to the Si supplied to the cold crucible, and an impurity collector disposed above the cold crucible within the vacuum chamber to collect impurity gas generated in the cold crucible and discharge the collected impurity gas to the outside of the vacuum chamber.

Abstract: The present invention provides a drawing apparatus for performing drawing on a substrate with a charged particle beam, the apparatus including a first member in which an aperture, through which the charged particle beam passes, is formed, a chamber including a first space and a second space which are partitioned by the first member, and a removing device including a first supply device configured to supply a first gas containing unsaturated hydrocarbon to the first space and a second supply device configured to supply a second gas containing ozone to the second space, and configured to remove contamination on the first member by active species generated by reaction of the first gas with the second gas.

Abstract: An ozone gas output flow rate management unit configured to receive a plurality of ozone gas outputs from a plurality of ozone generation units and capable of performing an ozone gas output flow rate control for selectively outputting one or a combination of two or more of the plurality of ozone gas outputs to any of a plurality of ozone treatment apparatuses by performing an opening/closing operation of a plurality of ozone gas control valves provided in the ozone gas output flow rate management unit.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are described for lateral control of a host vehicle (F) during travel in a vehicle platoon. The apparatus and method include acquiring a control signal u and a lateral error ? relative to a target vehicle (L) of a preceding vehicle (T) travelling in the vehicle platoon, filtering the received lateral error ?, filtering the received control signal u, and executing via a processor a control algorithm for actuating lateral control of the host vehicle (F).

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a nitroaniline derivative of Formula I for the production of nitric oxide and for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a disease wherein the administration of nitric oxide is beneficial. The present invention furthermore relates to a method for the production of NO irradiating a nitroaniline derivative of Formula I, a kit comprising a nitroaniline derivative of Formula I and a carrier and to a system comprising a source of radiations and a container associated to a nitroaniline derivative of Formula I. In Formula I, R and RI are each independently hydrogen or a C1-C3 alkyl group; RII is hydrogen or an alkyl group.

Abstract: The device for electromagnetic radiation treatment of a reactive medium includes an electromagnetic radiation generator, a reactor containing the reactive medium, and a device for transmitting the electromagnetic radiation generated by the generator to the reactive medium contained in the reactor. The device includes a wave guide for transmitting the electromagnetic radiation from the generator and a coupling means arranged to allow transfer within the reactive medium of the electromagnetic energy transmitted by the wave guide. The wave guide includes a curved segment in a general “U” shape forming a return loop from the wave guide. The device further includes a separation wall that isolates the generator form the reactor, with the reactor being connected to the curved segment. The curved segment extends at least partially from one side of the separation wall to the opposite generator.

Abstract: A fluid dispenser device including an outlet duct through which fluid can pass, a dispenser that can be actuated so as to cause fluid to be dispensed through said outlet duct, and an irradiation device that is adapted to irradiate the fluid while said fluid is passing through said outlet duct.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (7) for applying electromagnetic energy to a reactive medium, with said device being designed to be connected to an electromagnetic radiation generator using a means of transmission (4) of said radiation, with the device being remarkable in that it includes at least one loss transmission line (70) that features an interface that transfers electromagnetic energy towards the reactive medium, with said transfer interface being arranged so as to assure, throughout the length of the said line, a pre-determined distribution cross-section for the density of the electromagnetic energy delivered to said medium by said line. The invention also relates to a device for processing, by electromagnetic radiation, of a reactive medium including such an application device. The present invention can be applied to the sector of devices for thermal treatment of a reactive medium, specifically by microwave or high-frequency radiation.

Abstract: A method for reducing fecal coliforms in waste water wherein the flow of water is directed through a reactor having removable cover, inlet and outlet, two UV lamps, six irradiating chambers, each interconnected by apertures, a UV lamp control box, and a heat a conducting pipe to transfer heat from the control box into the flowing water.

Abstract: An apparatus for the large scale production of boron nitride nanotubes comprising; a pressure chamber containing; a continuously fed boron containing target; a source of thermal energy preferably a focused laser beam; a cooled condenser; a source of pressurized nitrogen gas; and a mechanism for extracting boron nitride nanotubes that are condensed on or in the area of the cooled condenser from the pressure chamber.

Abstract: The photoreactor comprises a tube bundle (10) made up of numerous capillary tubes (11) through which a reaction medium flows. The tubes (11) are transparent. Solar radiation or artificial radiation acts upon the reaction medium for effecting a photochemical or photobiological treatment. The inlet chamber (12) connected with the tube bundle (10) comprises a flow distributor (16) which distributes the reaction medium from the fluid inlet (15) to the tubes (11). The flow distributor (16) allows for a smaller volume of the inlet chamber (12). The reactor volume, which is not irradiated, is thus reduced, and the efficiency of the rector is enhanced.

Abstract: An inline intravenous (IV) fluid sterilization system can be located within directly upstream of the patient's access point, downstream of any breach points, so as to ensure fluid sterility. The chamber space between the walls is accessed by a fluid inlet port and a fluid outlet port between which the fluid flows. The inlet port is connected to a conduit/tubing from the fluid source and the outlet port is interconnected with a conduit/tubing that is free of breach points and interconnects to the patient access point. The inner wall allows for transmission of UV light into the fluid space. The walls define a space therebetween that is relatively small radially, allowing for a sufficient flow rate, but providing a large surface area and small fluid depth for exposure to the UV light. The UV light is provided by an elongated lamp within a cavity of the inner wall.

Abstract: A hydrogen generator including an initiator assembly having one or more contact members within a compressible member, and a removable fuel unit adjacent a surface of the compressible member. The fuel unit contains a hydrogen containing material that can release hydrogen gas when heated and an exothermic mixture that can react exothermically upon initiation by the initiator assembly. When no fuel unit is in the hydrogen generator, the compressible member is uncompressed and the contact members are at or below its surface, and when a fuel unit is disposed in the hydrogen generator, the compressible member is compressed so the contact members extend beyond the surface to make thermal contact with the fuel unit. Energy from the initiator assembly is conducted by the contact members to corresponding quantities of the exothermic mixture to initiate an exothermic reaction, providing heat for the release of hydrogen gas from the hydrogen containing material.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a hybrid photocatalyst which is a layered aluminosilicate, possibly organically modified, containing compounds introduced into the aluminosilicate galleries bearing groups such as porphyrin, rose bengal, anthracene, pyrene, perylene, tetracene, rubrene, naphthalene, phthalocyanines, coumarins, and methylene blue, which are organic chromophores able to absorb visible and/or ultraviolet light and sensitize photochemical reactions. The invention includes also the methods of synthesis and application of the photocatalysts for the photocatalytical degradation of water pollutants.

Abstract: A method for deactivating preferably odour-relevant molecules that is distinguished by the following steps is proposed: generating a plasma; deactivating preferably odour-relevant molecules by the effect of hot electrons of the plasma on the molecules to be deactivated.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of alkali hexahydroxo platinate is produced. As a alkali hexahydroxo platinate, sodium hexahydroxoplatinate or potassium hexahydroxoplatinate is used. The aqueous solution of alkali hexahydroxo platinate is passed through a hydrogen form cation exchange resin layer in a cation exchange resin tower. The aqueous solution of alkali hexahydroxo platinate makes contact with the hydrogen form cation exchange resin of the hydrogen form cation exchange resin layer, thus a suspension of hexahydroxo platinic is generated. If gamma rays are irradiated to the suspension, a platinum oxide colloidal solution in which colloidal particles including a platinum dioxide, a platinum monoxide, and a platinum hydroxide exist is generated. In a platinum oxide colloidal solution, the content of impurities is little and a noble metal compound is dispersed stably in water.

Abstract: Embodiments presented herein relate generally to the formation of diamond-like carbon, forms of diamond-like carbon and/or carbon dioxide fixation.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ozone generator, comprising two electrodes and a dielectric layer arranged between the above such that between the dialectic layer and one of the electrodes an ozonizing gap is formed, through which an oxygen-containing gas can be run. In the direction of the flow of the gas, a dielectric capacity (CD) of the dielectric layer of the gas becomes smaller and/or layer thickness of the dielectric layer becomes greater, such that a gap width of the ozonizing gap is greater on the inlet side than the outlet side.