Abstract: A process for producing light olefins comprising thermal cracking. Hydrocracked streams are thermally cracked in a steam cracker to produce light olefins. A pyrolysis gas stream is separated into a light stream and a heavy stream. A light stream is separated into an aromatic naphtha stream and a non-aromatic naphtha stream. The aromatics can be saturated and thermally cracked. The integrated process may be employed to obtain olefin products of high value from a crude stream.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an automatic and portable system, comprising a bench-top instrument and a disposable microfluidic device for multiplex detection and quantitation of biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids from biological samples. The disposable device pre-encapsulates all the reagents including capture probes, detection probes, and wash buffer, with a waste reservoir in it, allowing all the liquids to be circulated inside the device, without interaction with the external environment. The bench-top instrument comprises a pressure control module and a fluorescence detection module, enabling automatic device operation and signal detection without manual intervention.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for treating a nanofibrillar cellulose hydrogel, wherein the method comprises the steps of: providing a nanofibrillar cellulose hydrogel, wherein the nanofibrillar cellulose is oxidized nanofibrillar cellulose, wherein the oxidation has been carried out through N-oxyl mediated catalytic oxidation of cellulose-based raw material, and has at most 50 ?mol of aldehyde groups per gram of dry nanofibrillar cellulose; and subjecting the nanofibrillar cellulose hydrogel to a heat treatment.

Abstract: A system is provided that enables a continuous process that involves the introduction of particles into a reactor drum having a low oxygen environment. Heavy hydrocarbons are boiled off of the particles during the heating of the particles. The boiled off heavy hydrocarbons mix with a heated gas stream that heats the particles within the reactor drum. The heated gas stream (with the boiled off heavy hydrocarbons) exit the drum and are recirculated back to a heat source for reheating the gas stream prior to reentering the reactor drum. Repeated exposure to the elevated temperatures within the reactor drum cracks the heavy hydrocarbons into lighter hydrocarbons. The lighter hydrocarbons may then be separated out of the heated gas stream and collected for sale or use.

Abstract: A water-conveying module for injecting water into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, having a conveying unit, which has a pump for conveying the water from a tank. The water can be conveyed by the pump to an injection point along a dosing line. The conveying unit has a water outlet through which water is conveyed out of the conveying unit. The water outlet is formed by a connection plug onto which the dosing line can be plugged, Water can be conveyed from the conveying unit into the dosing line along the connection plug that has a section which can be flowed through by the water and which is part of the fluid line from the conveying unit to the dosing line.

Abstract: A method of producing advanced carbon materials can include providing coal to a processing facility, beneficiating the coal to remove impurities from the coal, processing the beneficiated coal to produce a pitch, and treating the pitch to produce an advanced carbon material such as carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon fibers, polymers, biomaterials, or other carbon materials.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus for producing inorganic powder, and a method of producing inorganic powder by using such. The apparatus includes a vaporization part where a condensed-phase precursor is vaporized to obtain a gas-phase precursor, a partial precipitation part where the gas-phase precursor obtained in the vaporization part is partially precipitated to a condensed phase, and a reaction part where the gas-phase precursor remaining after being partially precipitated to a condensed phase in the partial precipitation part reacts with a reaction gas to obtain inorganic powder. An equilibrium vapor pressure of the gas-phase precursor in the partial precipitation part is lower than a vapor pressure of the gas-phase precursor obtained in the vaporization part, and an equilibrium vapor pressure of the precursor in the reaction part is equal to or higher than a vapor pressure of the gas-phase precursor partially precipitated to a condensed phase in the partial precipitation part.

Abstract: The invention provides a skin disinfectant for treating skin with eczema, preventing bacterial proliferation, and removing biofilm. Compositions of the invention include hypochlorous acid, acetic acid, water, and one or more additives or excipients. The formulation process removes metal ions, reduces ionic strength, controls pH, and reduces exposure to air, thus improving stability and lengthening shelf-life.

Abstract: A method of producing at least one or more resins is disclosed. The method includes providing an amount of raw coal. The raw coal includes one or more impurities therein. The method also includes beneficiating the amount of raw coal to selectively removing at least a portion of some of the one or more impurities in the raw coal to form beneficiated coal. Additionally, the method includes processing the beneficiated coal to produce an amount of pitch. The method further includes modifying at least some of the pitch to produce the one or more resins. The one or more resins include a selected amount of a remainder of the one or more impurities that were not removed while beneficiating the amount of the raw coal, processing the beneficiated coal, and modifying at least some of the pitch.

Abstract: Provided is an indoor air cleaning device for a vehicle using a nonthermal plasma and an operation method thereof, and more particularly, to an indoor air cleaning device for a vehicle using a nonthermal plasma, in which ozone is generated by a nonthermal plasma through corona discharge and an air purifying filter is sterilized through strong oxidization action of ozone, achieving more hygienic and continuous management, static electricity of an electrostatic filter is recharged with the controlled magnitude of applied voltage to maintain the best purification performance of the filter, and negative ions beneficial for human body are generated, creating pleasant indoor air conditions.

Abstract: A processing system and method of producing a particulate material are provided. The processing system includes a system inlet connected to one or more gas lines to deliver one or more gases into the processing system, a buffer chamber, a dispersion chamber, a heating assembly, a reaction chamber and a system outlet for delivering particulate material out of the processing system. The method includes delivering one or more gases via a system inlet into a buffer chamber of a processing system, jetting a liquid mixture into one or more streams of droplets using one or more power jet modules into the processing system, delivering flows of one or more heated gases via a heating assembly, forming a reaction mixture and processing the reaction mixture at a reaction temperature into a product material inside the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A turbocharger control system includes a turbine; a fluid source of a pressurized fluid; an input valve fluidly coupled between the fluid source and an input of the turbine; a bypass valve fluidly coupled between the fluid source and an output of the turbine; a rotating machine operatively coupled to the turbine and configured to move a working fluid; and a control system communicably coupled to the input valve and the bypass valve. The control system is configured to perform operations including determining a level of the pressurized fluid in the fluid source; determining at least one of a flow rate or a pressure of a working fluid moved by the rotating machine; and operating the input valve and the bypass valve to change an operating state of the turbine from a first operating state to a second operating state.

Abstract: A method for processing a hydrocarbon feed to produce olefins may comprise introducing the hydrocarbon feed to a first fluid catalytic cracking system, which may cause at least a portion of the hydrocarbon feed to undergo catalytic cracking and produce a spent first cracking catalyst and a first cracked effluent comprising one or more olefins. The method may further comprise passing the first cracked effluent to a separation system downstream of the first fluid catalytic cracking system, which may separate the first cracked effluent to produce at least a naphtha effluent comprising one or more olefins. Additionally, the method may comprise passing the naphtha effluent to a second fluid catalytic cracking system downstream of the separation system, which may cause at least a portion of the naphtha effluent to undergo catalytic cracking and produce a spent cracking catalyst mixture and a second cracked effluent comprising one or more olefins.

Abstract: A door access control method includes detecting whether a person is intending to pass through a door access control device. Then, it is identified whether a body temperature of the person near the door access control device exceeds a threshold value. The door access control device carries out an unlocking judgment procedure when the body temperature is below the threshold value. The unlocking judgment procedure is not carried out when the body temperature is not below the threshold value. Next, it is identified whether the person is qualified to pass through the door access control device based on the unlocking judgment. The door access control device remains in a locking state when the person is identified as not qualified to pass through the door access control device. The unlocking state is lifted when the person is identified as qualified to pass through the door access control device.

Abstract: In various embodiments, an air purifier capable of destroying and deactivating airborne contaminants such as SARS-CoV-2 is described. The air purifier comprises a photocatalytic system comprising at least one photoactivated semiconductor photocatalyst and a lamp configured to irradiate and excite the at least one photoactivated semiconductor photocatalyst to generate reductive and/or oxidative reactive species from oxygen and/or water on the photocatalyst surface. In various embodiments, the photocatalytic system comprises a stack of PCB cards, each card having a photocatalytic layer disposed thereon, or a 3-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3-DOM) structure comprising an open cell lattice.

Abstract: Methanol-to-gasoline conversion may be performed using a heavy gasoline treatment, followed by a separation operation. Methanol may be converted into a first product mixture comprising dimethyl ether (DME) under DME formation conditions. In a methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) reactor, the first product mixture may be converted under MTG conversion conditions to produce a second product mixture comprising light gasoline hydrocarbons and untreated heavy gasoline hydrocarbons. The untreated heavy gasoline hydrocarbons may be separated from the light gasoline hydrocarbons and transferred to a heavy gasoline treatment (HGT) reactor. The untreated heavy gasoline hydrocarbons may be catalytically reacted in the HGT reactor to form a third product mixture. A heavy hydrocarbon fraction may be separated from the third product mixture. The heavy hydrocarbon fraction includes heavy gasoline hydrocarbons having a lower boiling endpoint than does the untreated heavy gasoline hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Systems and methods for molten media pyrolysis for the conversion of methane into hydrogen and carbon-containing particles are disclosed. The systems and methods include the introduction of seed particles into the molten media to facilitate the growth of larger, more manageable carbon-containing particles. Additionally or alternatively, the systems and methods can include increasing the residence time of carbon-containing particles within the molten media to facilitate the growth of larger carbon-containing particles.

Abstract: A method of removing chemical contaminants from a composition comprising an active, a solvent, and a contaminant can include providing an initial feed supply, wherein the initial feed supply comprises the active, the solvent, and the contaminant, wherein the contaminant can include 1,4 dioxane, dimethyl dioxane, or a combination thereof; including filtering the initial feed stock through a nanofilter and using reverse osmosis.

Abstract: A system for processing a material includes a pre-processing module configured to receive the material, mechanically stress the received material, and output the mechanically stressed material. The system also includes a pyrolysis module communicatively coupled to the pre-processing module and downstream of the pre-processing module. The pyrolysis module is configured to receive the mechanically stressed material from the pre-processing module and to perform a pyrolysis process on the received mechanically stressed material, thereby to produce one or more pyrolysis products.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relates to two improved catalysts and associated processes that directly converts carbon dioxide and hydrogen to liquid fuels. The catalytic converter is comprised of two catalysts in series that are operated at the same pressures to directly produce synthetic liquid fuels or synthetic natural gas. The carbon conversion efficiency for CO2 to liquid fuels is greater than 45%. The fuel is distilled into a premium diesel fuels (approximately 70 volume %) and naphtha (approximately 30 volume %) which are used directly as “drop-in” fuels without requiring any further processing. Any light hydrocarbons that are present with the carbon dioxide are also converted directly to fuels. This process is directly applicable to the conversion of CO2 collected from ethanol plants, cement plants, power plants, biogas, carbon dioxide/hydrocarbon mixtures from secondary oil recovery, and other carbon dioxide/hydrocarbon streams.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for obtaining a biolubricant from vegetable oil, which comprises the steps of (a) esterification reaction of the product of vegetable oil hydrolysis using a branched aliphatic alcohol; (b) epoxidation reaction of the esters obtained in step (a); and (c) nucleophilic substitution reaction of the epoxidated esters obtained in step (b) using a branched aliphatic alcohol. The present invention also describes a biolubricant obtained from the process. More specifically, a biolubricant is described that is produced from a ricinoleic fatty acid, whose formula is illustrated in FIG. 1 of the present invention, and where R1 is a hydroxyl or it is from the formula R3COO?, with R3 being an alkyl radical C1-C3, preferably a methyl radical; and R2 consists of a straight chain of hydrocarbons C4-C8 and a branched chain of hydrocarbons C1-C3.

Abstract: The invention provides a skin disinfectant for treating skin with eczema, preventing bacterial proliferation, and removing biofilm. Compositions of the invention include hypochlorous acid, acetic acid, water, and one or more additives or excipients. The formulation process removes metal ions, reduces ionic strength, controls pH, and reduces exposure to air, thus improving stability and lengthening shelf-life.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for increasing the portion of a pyrolysis tar fraction that can be hydroprocessed by using a physical particle size reduction process on at least a portion of the pyrolysis tar fraction. The physical particle size reduction process can reduce the percentage of particles in the pyrolysis tar fraction that have a particle size of 75 ?m or greater, or 50 ?m or greater. It has been unexpectedly discovered that at least a portion of the particles having a size of 75 ?m or less, or 50 ?m or less, can be effectively hydroprocessed to form products of greater value while still reducing or minimizing the amount of fouling or plugging in a hydroprocessing catalyst bed. By increasing the number of particles having a size of 75 ?m or less, or 50 ?m or less, while selectively removing larger particles from the SCT fraction, a higher yield of hydrocarbon products can be achieved for a feed containing an SCT fraction.

Abstract: A method and system for water purification includes a particle accelerator configured to generate a particle beam and a conduit configured to be substantially in line with the particle beam wherein said electron beam is incident on a fluid flowing through the conduit. The electron beam can be oriented to be substantially head on to the direction of flow of the fluid in the conduit. A shielding assembly can be configured around the conduit. A cartridge filtering system and contaminant filtering system can be provided to remove additional contaminants.

Abstract: Through the procedures of pretreatment, temperature swing adsorption (TSA) coarse desorption, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) purification and hydrogen purification, the hydrogenous waste gas from various procedures in the manufacturing process of semiconductor (especially silicon wafer), including the off-gas from chemical vapor deposition (CVD), doping (diffusion and ion implantation), photolithography and cleaning, the combusted and washed discharged gas of the off-gas in other procedures after field treatment and centralized treatment, or the hydrogenous waste gas entering the hydrogen discharge system are purified to meet the standard for the electronic grade hydrogen required for the manufacturing process of semiconductor, the recycling of hydrogen resources is realized, and the yield of hydrogen is greater than or equal to 70-85%.

Abstract: An apparatus for directing fluid into and out of a fluidic device includes two or more fluid prime channels connected to a fluid inlet of the fluidic device, a flow control valve for each fluid prime channel to control flow between the fluid prime channel and the fluid inlet, one or more outlet channels connected to a fluid outlet of the fluidic device, and a flow control valve for each outlet channel to control flow between the fluid outlet and the associated outlet channel. An apparatus for delivering fluids to a fluid inlet includes a plate that is rotatable about an axis of rotation and a plurality of fluid compartments disposed on the plate, each compartment having a fluid exit port disposed at a common radial distance from the axis of rotation and positioned to align with the fluid inlet as the plate rotates about the axis of rotation.

Abstract: A machine and methods using electro-chemical treatments, sedimentation processes and dissolved air flotation technologies for clarification of several kind of wastewater produced in industries, sewages, ponds, lakes, canals etc. The machine comprises of, feeding lines with multiple feeding point, a tank and further a collection tank. The wastewater is passed into the feeding line which may comprises of several feeding points for coagulants, flocculants, and other chemicals dosing into the flow of wastewater and may also comprises of a static mixer for mixing the coagulants, flocculants, and other chemicals with wastewater to agglomerate any solid particles and to accelerate separation of the solid particles in the tank. Once the solid are formed, they can go up or down, therefore to remove the suspended solids the outlet are rearranged depending on the suspended solids. Further, the machine is used for treatment of wastewater utilising multi pass concept to produce clean water.

Abstract: A substantially vertical separating column of a waste-product treatment apparatus has a cylindrical body with holes in a lateral surface, inferiorly of a waste-product supply opening. A bladed shaft rotates coaxially inside the cylindrical body. A first discharge mouth in an upper part of the cylindrical body expels a first waste-product recycling fraction, the fraction separated and transported upwards by the bladed shaft. A dilution group along the separating column supplies dilution liquid internally of the cylindrical body. A second discharge mouth in the lower part of the cylindrical body evacuates a second recycling fraction. A discharge conduit and a screw extend parallel to a tangent to the cylindrical body, facilitating extraction of the first recycling fraction to the discharge conduit. The bladed shaft comprises a rotor and, in proximity of the upper end, a plate fixed to a lateral rotor surface and arranged radially.

Abstract: A method for producing a supercritical water (SCW)-treated product is provided. The method comprising the steps of introducing a crude oil stream and a water stream to a supercritical water process, wherein the crude oil stream can undergo conversion reactions to produce the supercritical water (SCW)-treated product, wherein the SCW-treated product includes an increased paraffin concentration as compared to crude oil stream. The method further includes the step of introducing the SCW-treated product to a steam cracking process, wherein the SCW-treated product can undergo conversion reactions to produce furnace effluent.

Abstract: A method of producing at least one or more resins is disclosed. The method includes providing an amount of raw coal. The raw coal includes one or more impurities therein. The method also includes beneficiating the amount of raw coal to selectively removing at least a portion of some of the one or more impurities in the raw coal to form beneficiated coal. Additionally, the method includes processing the beneficiated coal to produce an amount of pitch. The method further includes modifying at least some of the pitch to produce the one or more resins. The one or more resins include a selected amount of a remainder of the one or more impurities that were not removed while beneficiating the amount of the raw coal, processing the beneficiated coal, and modifying at least some of the pitch.

Abstract: A method of producing advanced carbon materials can include providing coal to a processing facility, beneficiating the coal to remove impurities from the coal, processing the beneficiated coal to produce a pitch, and treating the pitch to produce an advanced carbon material such as carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon fibers, polymers, biomaterials, or other carbon materials.

Abstract: A method for regenerating an exhaust gas filter on which soot is deposited, including sequentially conducting: a step 1 of impregnating the filter with a liquid having 50% by mass or more of a component having a boiling point of 550° C. or less when an ambient temperature in the filter is at least 40° C. lower than the boiling point; a step 2 of raising the ambient temperature in the filter after the impregnation to a temperature equal to or higher than the boiling point of the component; and a step 3 of supplying an oxygen-containing gas at a temperature exceeding 550° C. to the filter to burn the soot.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for hydrocracking a hydrocarbon stream that feeds a cold stripped stream and a hot stripped stream to a prefractionator from which a prefractionated overhead stream and a prefractionated bottoms stream are passed to a product fractionation column. The product fractionation column may produce three products, light naphtha, heavy naphtha and distillate omitting the need for a naphtha splitter column. Data may be received from a stream in fluid communication with the foregoing process and apparatus.

Abstract: A method and system for increasing olefin production and quality from a hydrocarbon feed comprising a fully integrated multi-stage catalyst regeneration zones with multi-stage reaction zones in series and/or parallel. The multi-stage regeneration with at least one partial and one full burn zone provides an independent control to achieve the lowest possible regenerated catalyst temperature, resulting in highest possible catalyst to oil ratio required to maximize olefins yields through increased catalytic cracking in a multi stage FCC riser/risers.

Abstract: The invention provides a skin disinfectant for treating skin with eczema, preventing bacterial proliferation, and removing biofilm. Compositions of the invention include hypochlorous acid, acetic acid, water, and one or more additives or excipients. The formulation process removes metal ions, reduces ionic strength, controls pH, and reduces exposure to air, thus improving stability and lengthening shelf-life.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for hydrocracking a hydrocarbon stream that strips a liquid hydrocracked stream in a stripping column to provide a stripping overhead stream and a stripped stream. The stripping overhead stream fractionated to provide a light fractionated overhead stream, a light fractionated intermediate stream and a light fractionated bottoms stream in a single light fractionation column omitting the need for a separate deethanizer column.

Abstract: An anaerobic purification device for purification of wastewater, the anaerobic purification device comprising: a reactor tank (10) configured to, when in operation, have a sludge blanket formed at the bottom part; a fluid inlet (12) for, in operation, introducing influent into the reactor tank, the fluid inlet located in the lower section of the reactor tank (10); at least one gas-collecting system (13); at least one gas-liquid separation device (30); at least one riser pipe (22) connected to the at least one gas-collecting system (13) and discharging into the gas-liquid separation device (30); a downer pipe (24) connected to the gas-liquid separation device (30) and discharging into the bottom of the reactor tank (10); and a fluid outlet (16) comprising means for, in operation, varying the height of the fluid level (19) in the reactor tank within a predetermined range, the fluid outlet arranged at the upper section of the reactor tank (10); wherein the fluid level control means comprises: a fluid valve

Abstract: A process and apparatus for hydrocracking a hydrocarbon stream that feeds a cold stripped stream and a hot stripped stream to a prefractionator from which a prefractionated overhead stream and a prefractionated bottoms stream are passed to a product fractionation column. The product fractionation column may produce three products, light naphtha, heavy naphtha and distillate omitting the need for a naphtha splitter column.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for hydrocracking a hydrocarbon stream that feeds a cold stripped stream and a hot stripped stream to a product fractionation column which may be reboiled. The product fractionation bottoms stream is passed to a heavy fractionation column that may be steam stripped and may be under vacuum.

Abstract: Process and plant for recovering LPG in a refinery process combining the use of sponge absorber, deethanizer and debutanizer. The process and plant enable high LPG recovery and removal of hydrogen sulphide in the LPG product to low levels.

Abstract: A method for producing a supercritical water (SCW)-treated product is provided. The method comprising the steps of introducing a crude oil stream and a water stream to a supercritical water process, wherein the crude oil stream can undergo conversion reactions to produce the supercritical water (SCW)-treated product, wherein the SCW-treated product includes an increased paraffin concentration as compared to crude oil stream. The method further includes the step of introducing the SCW-treated product to a steam cracking process, wherein the SCW-treated product can undergo conversion reactions to produce furnace effluent.

Abstract: A vertical pump includes: a rotary shaft; multi-stage impellers; a casing accommodating the multi-stage impellers; a mechanical seal provided in a penetration part of the casing for the rotary shaft; a balance sleeve, the balance sleeve being positioned between a final stage impeller of the multi-stage impellers and the mechanical seal in the penetration part for the rotary shaft; an intermediate chamber provided between the rotary shaft and the casing and provided on an opposite side of the multi-stage impellers across the balance sleeve in an axial direction of the rotary shaft, the intermediate chamber communicating with an intermediate stage impeller among the multi-stage impellers; a low pressure chamber provided between the rotary shaft and the casing, the low pressure chamber communicating with a low pressure side compared to the intermediate chamber; and a partition wall part dividing the intermediate chamber and the low pressure chamber.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for co-operating low-carbon foaming agents, comprising: preheating 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane and hydrogen fluoride and then introducing into a reactor to have a reaction in the presence of a catalyst to obtain a reaction product, and separating and purifying to obtain the following low-carbon foaming agent products: trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, cis-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene. The invention has the advantages of simple process, environmental friendliness, high production efficiency and low cost.

Abstract: The present application relates to a bisphenol A preparation apparatus and preparation method, and provides a bisphenol A preparation apparatus and preparation method, which can increase the overall energy efficiency of a process by using an internal heating source.

Abstract: A selective catalytic reduction including a decomposition section including an intake chamber, with a swirl generating plate disposed in an internal volume of the intake chamber. The swirl generating plate includes a curved sidewall, a first end defining an opening, and a second end. The curved sidewall is oriented substantially normal to the direction of an intake flow of exhaust gas and a convex surface of the curved sidewall is oriented to face the direction of the intake flow. The swirl generating plate is configured to divide the intake flow into a first flow portion flowing through the opening, a second and a third flow portion which are directed substantially normal to the direction of intake flow and the flow direction of the first flow portion, and in opposite directions to each other towards a backwall of the intake chamber so as to create opposing swirls.

Abstract: A continuous high capacity system for converting hydrocarbon-containing post-consumer waste, post-industrial waste, and/or renewable hydrocarbon feedstock into biofuels having an extruder for agglomerating particles and pressurizing them, a shredder to shred the agglomerated particles, a heating system to rapidly heat the fine particulate, a separator that receives heated solids and prevents heated vapors from leaving the system, and a filter with solids separator that receives the heated vapor and further separates microfine solids from the heated vapor forming a substantially cleaned vapor. A vapor cooling system receives the substantially cleaned vapor and using controlled pressure and controlled temperature, cools the substantially cleaned vapor to at least one hydrocarbon liquid and a gas, forming a hydrocarbon liquid for transfer to another device and/or using the gas as a fuel.

Abstract: A reactor has a heat exchanging body including therein a heat medium flow channel in which heat medium flows, and a reaction flow channel in which a reaction fluid flows, to exchange heat between the heat medium and the reaction fluid. A heat transfer promoter is provided in the heat medium flow channel and comes in close contact with the heat exchanging body to promote heat transfer between the heat medium and the heat exchanging body. The heat transfer promoter is an assembly of partial heat transfer promoters of a plurality of types. Replacing the partial heat transfer promoter with another type one, temperature distribution in the heat exchanging body is adjusted.

Abstract: A process for obtaining free fatty acid and/or free fatty acid ester, including separating a liquid mixture containing the free fatty acid and/or the fatty acid ester by contacting a vapor of the liquid mixture in a column of a distillation apparatus with condensate formed from the vapor running downward. Heat and mass transfer takes place between the vapor and the condensate on column internals. The column has at least 10 theoretical plates and the separation is conducted with a pressure drop between the top and bottom of the column of ?p of ?3.3 mbars. Appropriately, the liquid mixture, contains polyunsaturated fatty acid, preferably omega-6 or omega-3 fatty acid and/or alkyl monoesters and/or glycerol monoesters. In one embodiment the column has at least 30 theoretical plates and the separation is conducted with a pressure drop ?p between 3.5 mbar and 6 mbar.

Abstract: The invention relates to a solvent-free green ammoximation process based on membrane distribution with a procedure as: adding TS-1 catalyst and ketone into a reactor in advance; setting the stirring speed and reaction temperature; after reaching the set temperature, adding a certain amount of ammonia and hydrogen peroxide into a reaction solution, wherein the hydrogen peroxide is fed in a way of using membrane as a distributor, the ammonia is fed in a continuous or semi-continuous manner; oxime is produced upon the reaction. The advantages of the invention include the mild reaction conditions, high reacting efficiency, simple operation and environmentally-friendly process. And there is no need to add any solvent during the reaction process. During the ammoximation reaction, both the conversion rate of the ketone and the selectivity of the oxime can be over 98.0%.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for reducing loss of hydrogen in solution to the fractionation section of a hydroprocessing unit. The hot liquid stream is stripped with an inert gas in a hot flash stripper to urge hydrogen into the hot flash vapor stream. Substantial conservation of hydrogen gas is achieved.