Abstract: System and method for producing olefins are disclosed. The method includes using a radial flow moving bed reactor system to catalytically crack paraffins, in multiple stages with continuous catalyst regeneration, to form olefins. The system includes inter-stage heaters to facilitate increase in yield of olefins.

Abstract: A filler head apparatus 20 for hygienically filling and emptying containers 22 through a fitment 24 incorporated with the container 22 includes a cylindrical outer housing 30 for receiving a hollow bore inner cylinder 32 which is actuated to simultaneously reciprocate and rotate about a central axis 33 within the outer housing. A transfer tube assembly 34 is mounted to the inner cylinder 32 to travel with the inner cylinder between an extended position engaged with the fitment 24 and a retracted position disengage from the fitment. When the transfer tube assembly is engaged with the fitment, flowable content or product may be transferred to or from the container 22.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for reducing the particulate matter content of an exhaust gas from a carbon black process.

Abstract: A gasification process may include (a) introducing a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock and at least one of a dry feedstock or a first slurried feedstock into a reactor lower section, wherein the at least one dry feedstock or first slurried feedstock is introduced through two primary feed nozzles while the liquid hydrocarbon feedstock is introduced through at least two secondary feed nozzles; (b) partially combusting the feedstocks in the reactor lower section with a gas stream comprising an oxygen-containing gas or steam to evolve heat and form products comprising hot synthesis gas; (c) passing said hot synthesis gas from step (b) upward into a reactor upper section; (d) and introducing a second slurried feedstock into said reactor upper section, whereby heat from said hot synthesis gas supports reaction of the second slurried feedstock by pyrolysis and gasification reactions.

Abstract: Catalyst support systems for ammonia oxidation burners comprising a top flange and an inner wall. The top flange comprises a planar section, a rounded outer edge, and a rounded inner edge, the rounded outer edge and the rounded inner edge being separated by the planar section. The inner wall comprises a carrier plate, a gauze shelf, and a bottom plate shelf, the gauze shelf and the bottom plate shelf being attached to the carrier plate. The carrier plate is attached to the top flange by means of the rounded inner edge.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to a device and a method for unloading particulate material from a reactor tube of a catalytic reactor comprising an array of substantially vertically aligned reactor tubes. The device comprises an air lance (11, 111-113) for loosening the particulate material inside the reactor tube using pressurized air, an air lance unit (10) for feeding the air lance in and out of the reactor tube, and a flexible guide tube (12, 121-123) on one end connectable to the air lance unit and on the other end connectable to a cleaned reactor tube (7, 71-73) for guiding the air lance from the reactor tube to the cleaned reactor tube for storing a part of the air lance that has not been fed into the reactor tube within the first cleaned reactor tube.

Abstract: A catalyst loading and unloading system for chemical reactors has an extendable catalyst transfer tube that is fed by a catalyst hopper and controlled by a tube displacement mechanism; more particularly, by a winch mechanism. As the reactor chamber fills with catalyst, a lower end of the extendable catalyst transfer tube is displaced upward by the tube displacement mechanism to correspond with the rising height of the catalyst bed within the chamber. The extendable catalyst transfer tube may further be used to vacuum old catalyst out of the reactor chamber.

Abstract: A method of testing a catalyst in a reactor comprises supplying a feedstock into an upstream end of the reactor and arranging an annular basket within the reactor at a downstream position in the reactor, the annular basket having a central aperture for receiving the flow of feedstock and plurality of stacked layers separated by fluid permeable material, the plurality of stacked layers including a layer of grading material positioned upstream of a layer containing a primary catalyst to be tested for a chemical process. The grading material is adapted to filter out contaminants within the feedstock and to thereby protect the primary catalyst within the basket. Embodiments and methods can utilize layers comprising a first layer containing the primary catalyst, a second layer containing a hydrometallization catalyst and a third layer containing grading material having solid trap particles with reduced catalytic activity.

Abstract: A heavy oil hydrotreating system has a prehydrotreating reaction zone, a transition reaction zone, and a hydrotreating reaction zone that are connected in series successively, sensor units, and a control unit. In the initial reaction stage, the prehydrotreating reaction zone includes at least two prehydrotreating reactors connected in parallel, and the transition reaction zone includes or doesn't include prehydrotreating reactors; in the reaction process, the control unit controls material feeding to and material discharging from each prehydrotreating reactor in the prehydrotreating reaction zone according to pressure drop signals of the sensor units, so that when the pressure drop in any of the prehydrotreating reactors in the prehydrotreating reaction zone reaches a predetermined value, the prehydrotreating reactor in which the pressure drop reaches the predetermined value is switched from the prehydrotreating reaction zone to the transition reaction zone.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a catalyst dumping spool assembly for unloading used catalyst from an inside of a reactor, comprising: a reactor, and a catalyst dumping spool comprising a first end operatively connected to the reactor, the first end having a catalyst inlet through which the used catalyst is introduced into, a second end having a catalyst discharge outlet whereby the used catalyst exits the catalyst dumping spool, wherein a first device for controlling used catalyst transfer into the catalyst inlet is positioned proximate the first end, and a second device for controlling the used catalyst transfer from inside the catalyst inlet through the catalyst discharge outlet is positioned proximate the second end, and further wherein the catalyst dumping spool further comprise a gas fluidization inlet and a water fluidization inlet located between the first and second devices.

Abstract: A device D accommodated in a reactor R and containing a gas- and/or liquid-permeable bottom B, in the peripheral region of which is arranged a lateral boundary W which completely surrounds the bottom B and forms a volume V which is partially or completely filled with catalytic and/or non-catalytic moldings, there optionally being located on the side facing the bottom B in the upstream direction at least one noble metal and/or non-noble metal fabric, wherein a thermal insulation layer S is located on at least part of the surface of the inner side of the lateral boundary W of the device D, the material for the thermal insulation layer S being selected from the group consisting of ceramic material, microporous material and silicate fibers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a filtering device for a variety of polluted gasses, with an inclined bed with a filling of catalytic material, which bed has a retaining wall at its lower longer side, with a clean-gas exit positioned in the area of one front side of the bed, which ejects the gas which has passed through the filling, and with a flush-gas entrance also positioned in the area of one front side of the bed, the flush-gas entrance (40) and the clean-gas exit (36) being provided at the same front side (38), and beneath the bed (12), current-influencing devices (50) being positioned spread between the two front sides, which devices prevent or at least reduce current peaks in the flow of flush gas through the bed (12).

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for loading solid particles into a vessel comprising: particle feed means (24); means (26) for dispersing the particles from the top to the bottom of the vessel; at least one means (17) for measuring the height of the filling bed; and at least one automated system for controlling the feed means (24) and/or the dispersion means (26), and also to a process and uses implementing the device.

Abstract: Systems for loading catalyst and/or additives into a fluidized catalytic cracking unit are disclosed. Methods of making and using the systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: An opposed axial flow reaction vessel includes a process fluid collection system within the body of the vessel in fluid communication with one or more of the ports; a bed of particulate catalyst or sorbent containing a layer of inert particulate material around the process fluid collection system; and the one or more of the ports are configured such that a process fluid fed to the vessel is passed axially and in the opposite direction through the fixed bed of catalyst or sorbent and is collected by the process fluid collection system disposed centrally within the bed and in fluid communication with one or more of the ports.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for catalyst preparation. A system for catalyst preparation may include an agitator disposed inside a polymerization catalyst tank and configured to mix a polymerization catalyst and a solvent to generate a polymerization catalyst solution. The system may also include a heating system coupled to the polymerization catalyst tank and configured to maintain a temperature of the polymerization catalyst solution above a threshold. The system may also include a precontactor configured to receive feed streams comprising an activator and the polymerization catalyst solution from the polymerization catalyst tank to generate a catalyst complex. The system may also include a transfer line configured to transfer the catalyst complex from an outlet of the precontactor to a reactor.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods are disclosed for contacting radially flowing fluids with solid particles (e.g., catalyst) with reduced tendency for fluidization of the particles, and especially a sealing portion of the particles at the top of a particle retention zone disposed between screens at upstream and downstream positions relative to radial fluid flow. Fluidization is reduced or eliminated by offsetting openings of the screens in the axial direction, such that upstream openings in the upstream screen are above highest downstream openings in a downstream stream. The offset in openings imparts a downward flow component to radially flowing fluid, thereby reducing solid particle fluidization without the need to induce a specific pressure drop profile along the entire axial direction of the screens.

Abstract: A device and method for loading catalyst pellets into reactor tubes of a chemical reactor. A direct mechanical force is applied to one or more pellets where bridging occurs that is different from the forces applied to the surrounding pellets in order to break up the bridge so as to allow catalyst particles to fall through an opening into the reactor tube.

Abstract: A dam arrangement is provided for confining catalyst and other particles. The dam can be arranged in a wide variety of configurations. In one embodiment, blocks are provided that are releasably secured to the top tubesheet by means of magnets, and sheets are secured to the blocks to create a dam. In another embodiment, the blocks are releasably secured to the tubesheet by fasteners which project into the tops of some of the tubes and then lock into those tubes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reactor and a method for the production of high purity silicon granules. The reactor includes a reactor chamber; and the reaction chamber is equipped with a solid feeding port, auxiliary gas inlet, raw material gas inlet, and exhaust gas export. The reaction chamber is also equipped with an internal gas distributor; a heating unit; an external exhaust gas processing unit connected between a preheating unit and a gas inlet. The reaction chamber is further equipped with a surface finishing unit, a heating unit and a dynamics generating unit. The reaction is through decomposition of silicon containing gas in densely stacked high purity granular silicon layer reaction bed in relative motion, and to use remaining hear of exhaust gas for reheating. The present invention is to achieve a large scale, efficient, energy saving, continuous, low cost production of high purity silicon granules.

Abstract: A reactor defines first and second flow channels within the reactor, the first flow channels and the second flow channels extending in parallel directions along at least the major part of their lengths. A removable non-structural catalyst insert is provided in those channels in which a reaction is to occur, the catalyst insert comprising a plurality of foils bonded together and which subdivide the flow channel into a multiplicity of flow sub-channels. At least one end portion of the catalyst insert is devoid of active catalytic material. The end portion that is devoid of active catalytic material suppresses the reaction in that part of the flow channel, and so reduces the requirement for any thermal transfer at that part of the flow channel.

Abstract: A fluid treatment system having bulk beds. The fluid to be treated essentially streams from the bottom up through a bulk bed, while the bulk material migrates through the bulk beds in countercurrent to the fluid essentially from the top down. This is accomplished by removing partial quantities of bulk material at the lower end of the bulk bed, and delivering partial quantities of the bulk material to the bulk bed at the top. At least one charging wagon provided with optionally sealable bulk material outlets is able to traverse a charging channel between a charging position and several partial bulk bed release positions above the bulk beds. Provided below the bulk material outlets and the bulk material valve of the charging wagon are bulk material through pipes, the bulk material outlet mouths of which end on bulk material cones of an underlying bulk bed.

Abstract: There is provided a radial flow reactor having a multi-pass structure in which loading and unloading of granular packing are easy and which does not impair the reaction performance. The reactor includes, in an upright tubular reactor vessel: a packing region for housing a continuous packed bed of granular packing; and an outer and an inner passages disposed outside and inside the packing region, respectively, allowing a fluid to flow in the axial direction. The reactor is configured so that the fluid can pass between the packing region and the outer passage and between the packing region and the inner passage.

Abstract: A tubular reactor for producing a product mixture in a tubular reactor where the tubular reactor comprises an internal catalytic insert with cup-shaped structures having orifices for forming fluid jets for impinging the fluid on the tube wall. Jet impingement is used to improve heat transfer between the fluid in the tube and the tube wall in a non-adiabatic reactor. The tubular reactor and method may be used for endothermic reactions such as steam methane reforming and for exothermic reactions such as methanation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for externally holding a catalyst bed in a radial flow catalytic reactor, comprising a plurality of hollow longitudinal duct elements (2) regularly distributed in a peripheral ring around a central space (3) containing the catalyst bed and having a front filtering wall (5) facing the catalyst for the radial intake of a fluid to be treated in the catalyst bed (3). Each of the duct elements (2) is laterally defined by two lateral walls (6) radially oriented in the reactor (1) and comprising an assembling means for assembly with the respectively adjacent elements (2?) of the male member in female member (7, 8) type.

Abstract: A method for regenerating activated coke used for treating wastewater or sewage is provided. The method includes loading the activated coke to an environment under 150 to 250° C., heating the activated coke to a temperature of 700 to 850° C. for about 40 to 90 minutes; and providing a steam to the activated coke with a rate of 0.1 to 0.5 m3/(ton of activated coke). When the activated coke is being heated at the temperature, it generates a gas mixture including a steam portion and at least a paraffine gas. The gas mixture flows along a reverse direction relative to a flow of cooling water, so that the steam portion is converted into a part of the cooling water for recycling. The paraffine gas is used as a fuel. An apparatus for regenerating the activated coke used for treating wastewater or sewage is also provided.

Abstract: Methods and systems for preparing catalyst, such as chromium catalysts, are provided. The valence of at least a portion of the catalyst sent to an activator is changed from Cr(III) to Cr(VI). The catalyst is prepared or activated continuously using a fluidization bed catalyst activator.

Abstract: A process for mixing regenerated and carbonized catalyst involves obstructing upward flow of catalyst by one or more baffles between a catalyst inlet and a feed distributor. Each catalyst stream may be passed to opposite sides of a riser. Baffles obstruct upward flow to effect mixing of regenerated and carbonized catalyst to obtain a more uniform temperature and catalyst mixture before contacting the feed.

Abstract: A process for producing metal oxide from metal salts includes cleaning a metal salt in a filter. After cleaning, the metal salt is dried in a drying apparatus. Steam is formed in the drying apparatus. The metal salt is preheated in at least one preheating stage. The metal salt is calcined to metal oxide in a fluidized-bed reactor. The metal oxide is cooled. The steam formed in the drying apparatus is recirculated into the filter.

Abstract: A device and method for automatic unloading of particles from the vertical tubes of a chemical reactor automatically feeds a fish tape into the bottom of the vertical tube to contact and dislodge the particles and automatically retracts the fish tape to allow the particles to fall out of the tube.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be an alkylation unit. The alkylation unit can include at least one alkylation reaction zone having an alkylation catalyst, at least one cooler communicating with the at least one alkylation reaction zone, a settler communicating with the at least one alkylation reaction zone and the at least one cooler, a fractionation zone receiving an effluent from the settler passing through a line, and a boot coupled to a substantially horizontal portion of the line. Generally, the boot receives an effluent portion rich in the alkylation catalyst.

Abstract: A process for cracking a hydrocarbon feed in a reactor assembly comprising: a reactor vessel; a solid catalyst inlet by which catalyst is introduced and a solid catalyst outlet by which catalyst is removed from the reactor vessel; a plurality of feed nozzles by which feed is introduced at the bottom of the vessel; a product outlet for removing a product mixture of gas and solid catalyst at the upper part of the reactor; at least one partition plate, that divides the interior of the reactor vessel into two or more compartments, wherein the partition plate intersects the solid catalyst inlet.

Abstract: Process for providing a flow of particulate matter to a reactor, by intermittently adding the particulate matter and a diluent to a mixing tank, and continuously withdrawing a slurry of particulate matter in diluent from the mixing tank for introduction into the reactor. Prior to each addition of particulate matter and diluent to the mixing tank, the concentration of particulate matter in the diluent already in the mixing tank is measured or calculated, and the amount of particulate matter and diluent subsequently added is measured so as to achieve the same concentration at the end of the addition as that measured or calculated prior to the addition.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can include an apparatus for transferring catalyst from a regeneration zone to a reaction zone in a hydrocarbon conversion unit. The hydrocarbon conversion unit can include a transfer vessel, and first, second, and third lines. The transfer vessel can transfer regenerated catalyst from the regeneration zone at a first pressure to the reaction zone at a second pressure where the second pressure is greater than the first pressure. Generally, the first line communicates the catalyst to the transfer vessel and is coupled to a first valve to allow catalyst into the transfer vessel and the second line communicates the catalyst from the transfer vessel and is coupled to a second valve to allow catalyst out of the transfer vessel. The third line for allowing the passage of gas therethrough may be at a pressure higher than the first pressure having a first portion communicating with the transfer vessel and having a second portion coupled to third and fourth valves.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst distributor and process for spreading catalyst over a regenerator vessel. Nozzles disposed angular to a header of the distributor spread catalyst throughout a full cross section of the catalyst bed.

Abstract: A device and method for precision loading and gentle loading of particles into vertical chemical reactor tubes in order to help ensure that the particles are not damaged while being loaded to the desired elevation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a mass production system and method of synthesized carbon nanotubes. The system is configured to completely open the reaction chamber to an outside during synthesis of the carbon nanotubes in the reaction chamber while allowing a specific gas to occupy a predetermined region within the reaction chamber, thereby blocking introduction of external air into the reaction chamber which is opened to external air.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for forming olefins from an oxygenate-containing feedstock, comprising contacting the at least partially vaporized feed comprising oxygenates with a first catalyst upstream of an OTO reactor, the first catalyst consisting of a reactive guard bed of metal oxides comprising one or more metals from Groups 2, 3, and 4 of the Periodic Table and/or one or more metals in the Lanthanide and Actinide series, then contacting the feedstock in the OTO reactor with a second catalyst under conditions effective to form an effluent comprising the olefins.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pressure control system for maintaining the pressure differential between a reactor (1) and a feeder (2) connected thereto and provided for introducing feed into the reactor (1), characterized in that the pressure control system comprises a pressure up line (5) and a pressure release line (6), each line (5, 6) having a control valve (7, 8), both lines (5, 6) combining into one main line (3) leading to the feeder (2), wherein a filter unit (4) is provided in the main line (3); as well as to a reactor having such a pressure control system and a process utilizing a reactor with the specific pressure control system.

Abstract: A device is presented for use as a centerpipe in a radial flow reactor, or for a radial flow adsorption bed. The device includes a plurality of stacked slotted cylindrical sections and frustums. The design retains the particles in a solid particulate bed that can be flowing through the reactor. The frustums provide covers to the cylindrical sections to prevent the flow of solid particles back through the slots in the cylindrical sections.

Abstract: A flexible pressure containment coverplate has been invented for radial flow reactors. The coverplate is for a fixed bed reactor wherein the reactor undergoes significant thermal cycles. The coverplate provides flexibility for axial and radial thermal growth, while providing a sealing capability to prevent leakage of the fluid. The coverplate has a half toroidal structure, with a semi-circular cross-section.

Abstract: A preferred embodiment of a system for loading catalyst and/or additives into a fluidized catalytic cracking unit includes a bin for storing at least one of the catalyst and/or additives, and a loading unit in fluid communication with the storage bin and the fluidized catalytic cracking unit on a selective basis. The loading unit is capable of being evacuated so that a resulting vacuum within the loading unit draws the catalyst and/or additive from the bin. The loading unit is also capable of being pressurized so that the catalyst and/or additive is transferred from the loading unit to the fluidized catalytic cracking unit.

Abstract: An insertion apparatus is provided for inserting at least one catalytic insert into each of a multiplicity of reactor channels. The apparatus includes a magazine configured to locate a multiplicity of catalytic inserts, a guide element for guiding the movement of a catalytic insert as it is inserted into the reaction channel, and a pushing member to push a catalytic insert out of the magazine, through the guide element, and into a reactor channel. An automated method for inserting catalytic inserts into reactor channels is also provided. The method includes the steps of: aligning the insert with a reaction channel, and pushing the insert through a guide element into the channel.

Abstract: A radial flow reactor is disclosed for use in gas purification, separation or reaction processes and most suitably used in prepurification processes. The reactor has two concentric internal baskets which are rigidly supported at both the top and bottom ends of the reactor. The reactor has a removable section in the inner basket to accommodate rotating arms to dense load one or more layers of active materials between the concentric baskets.

Abstract: A gasification system having a combustor vessel, an optional scrubber vessel, an optional fixer vessel, an optional cyclone vessel and an optional demister vessel. A wide variety of possibly moist solid or semi-solid carbonaceous fuels may be partially combusted in the combustor to generate a combustible gas and a mineral ash. An improved ash support and removal subsystem reduces clogging and other problems. The combustible gas is conveyed by optional heavy-duty blowers through the optional vessels to remove liquids and particulates and to undergo catalytic chemical reactions to provide a relatively clean, dry, highly-combustible hydrocarbon gas that captures a relatively high fraction of the potential heating value of the fuel. Internal gases, liquids and particulates from the vessels may be recycled inside the system to improve efficiency and prevent liquid waste. A portion of the internal liquids may also be extracted for other uses.

Abstract: An unloading device includes: a separator connected to a suction hose connected to the reactor and to another suction hose connected to a vacuum car, the separator separating a catalyst sucked from the reactor by the vacuum car from air; a flexible container bag for storing the catalyst dropped from the separator; and a dumping hose provided between the separator and the flexible container bag for transferring the catalyst dropped from the separator to the flexible container bag. The separator includes a blower unit for blowing a gas to the catalyst unloaded in the separator body toward a lower cone and a cover that openably closes a catalyst outlet.

Abstract: An apparatus for mixing regenerated and carbonized catalyst involves obstructing upward flow of catalyst by one or more baffles between a catalyst inlet and a feed distributor. Each catalyst stream may be passed to opposite sides of a riser. Baffles obstruct upward flow to effect mixing of regenerated and carbonized catalyst to obtain a more uniform temperature and catalyst mixture before contacting the feed.

Abstract: In a method and system to produce biodiesel using an improved catalytic transesterification process, a first reactant and a second reactant are dispersed to form a laminar slug flow pattern within a microchannel of a microreactor, the first reactant and the second reactant being immiscible. The first reactant and the second reactant are mixed, thereby triggering a reaction between them to produce the biodiesel and glycerol, the mixing being convection-enhanced by shear stress induced circulation occurring within each slug of the reactants. The reaction takes place under a pressure that is less than 5 psi and under a temperature that is less than 70 degrees Celsius. Separation of the glycerol from the biodiesel occurs simultaneously with the mixing. Several microreactors are coupled in parallel to improve throughput of the biodiesel.

Abstract: A new reactor design is presented for a counter-current flowing reactor. The reactor has a catalyst flowing down through the reactor, and over baffles. Gas is admitted under the baffles and flows up through the solid catalyst bed. The design includes slotted plates that extend from the bottom of the baffle in the reactor to a position near the catalyst outlet. The gas flows through the slotted plates and is directed up through the catalyst bed, while directing the flowing catalyst to the catalyst outlet ports.

Abstract: A charging device for a tube reactor has a plurality of metering chambers which can be filled with filling material, for example a catalytically coated carrier material. Each metering chamber is adjoined by a drop tube or some other filling device via which a tube of the filling device can be filled in each case. The metering chambers can each be filled via antechambers which are combined into one replaceable antechamber unit.