Abstract: The present application relates to a vessel support beam comprising two or more beam elements wherein each beam element comprises a first and second opposing long side connected by a top side, a lower side and two opposing end sides, said beam elements are arranged parallelly with at least one long side of one beam element facing a long side of another beam element, thereby forming a reactor support beam having a first and second opposing long side surface, a top surface and a lower surface.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for oxidizing chemical, the method having the steps of contacting soot to a catalyst defining a plurality of flat substrates forming a monolith, wherein any one of the substrates has a thickness no greater than 30 nm. Also provided is a catalyst for oxidizing chemical, the catalyst have a morphology having layered plates, wherein any plate is no more than 30 nm thick. The invention also provides a method for producing an oxidation catalyst, the method having the steps of combining a cobalt compound with a potassium compound to create a solution; contacting the solution with a reducing agent for a time and at a temperature sufficient to oxidize the cobalt compound and form a precipitate of the oxidized cobalt compound; filtering the precipitate; and calcining the filtered precipitate.

Abstract: A continuous fixed-bed catalytic reactor includes an inflow path for raw material gas for a catalytic reaction and an outflow path for reformed gas, a catalytic reaction container that is connected to the inflow path and the outflow path and holds a clumpy catalyst, catalyst holders that have a ventilation property and hold the clumpy catalyst, and a driving mechanism that moves the clumpy catalyst up and down by moving the catalyst holders up and down.

Abstract: Non-woven mat including magnesium aluminum silicate glass fibers and amorphous refractory ceramic fibers, bio-soluble ceramic fibers, and/or heat-treated silica fibers. Embodiments of the nonwoven mat surprisingly have a Resiliency Value after three thermal cycles from 25° C. to 700° C./400° C. of the Real Condition Fixture Test at least 1.1 times greater than the Resiliency Value of a comparable non-woven mat consisting of any individual type of fibers of the non-woven mat. The non-woven mats are useful, for example, in pollution control devices and other thermal insulation applications.

Abstract: Compositions that include a mixture of biosoluble inorganic fibers and a micaceous binder are described. The compositions can be prepared free of refractory ceramic fibers that are respirable but durable in a physiological medium. The compositions are typically in the form of a sheet material or a paste and can be used, for example, as a protective packing material around the pollution control element or as an insulating material in the end cone region in a pollution control device. Sheet materials formed from the compositions have an area of a X-Y plane that decrease less than about 6 percent when heated to about 900° C.

Abstract: A vessel for producing SO3 from SO2-containing gas includes a plate-like element and a bracket disposed on a wall of the vessel. The bracket is configured to support the plate-like element by a supporting surface. The supporting surface is an upper supporting surface curved downward away from the plate-like element in an unloaded state of the vessel or a lower supporting surface curved upward away from the plate-like element in the unloaded state of the vessel.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device for cooling and distributing mixed charges on fixed catalyst beds for use in the cooling zone of descending flow reactors which comprises a flat tray fitted with collector and distributor tubes for liquid superimposed upon and connected to another flat tray of similar design to the upper tray. The device, which is of smaller size in comparison with other commercially available devices, is extremely simple to install industrially and compact, and has as its main characteristic the efficiency with which it promotes reduction of the temperature of the reaction medium when it receives the cooling fluid within the catalytic reactor.

Abstract: A thermochemical reactor (1) for a cooling and/or heating includes at least one reagent unit (2) which, using chemical combination, can absorb a gas stream originating from a tank and which, using the reverse chemical reaction, can desorb the gas stream due to a rise in temperature. The reagent unit (2) is disposed in a container (3) that has walls, at least some of which are equipped with diffusers (7) for distributing the gas stream. In addition, the reagent unit (2), which can be heated, is of the type that can expand during absorption of the gas stream and retract during desorption of the gas stream. Moreover, at least some of the walls are mobile walls, which can accompany the longitudinal movement of the reagent unit (2), to enable successive deformation phenomena.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for externally holding a catalyst bed in a radial flow catalytic reactor, comprising a plurality of hollow longitudinal duct elements (2) regularly distributed in a peripheral ring around a central space (3) containing the catalyst bed and having a front filtering wall (5) facing the catalyst for the radial intake of a fluid to be treated in the catalyst bed (3). Each of the duct elements (2) is laterally defined by two lateral walls (6) radially oriented in the reactor (1) and comprising an assembling means for assembly with the respectively adjacent elements (2?) of the male member in female member (7, 8) type.

Abstract: Systems and methods for treating a fluid with a body are disclosed. Various aspects involve treating a fluid with a porous body. In select embodiments, a body comprises ash particles, and the ash particles used to form the body may be selected based on their providing one or more desired properties for a given treatment. Various bodies provide for the reaction and/or removal of a substance in a fluid, often using a porous body comprised of ash particles. Computer-operable methods for matching a source material to an application are disclosed. Certain aspects feature a porous body comprised of ash particles, the ash particles have a particle size distribution and interparticle connectivity that creates a plurality of pores having a pore size distribution and pore connectivity, and the pore size distribution and pore connectivity are such that a first fluid may substantially penetrate the pores.

Abstract: A catalyst with large surface area structure, in particular for steam-reforming catalysts, which is characterized in that the large surface area structure is formed of a large number of round or parallel penetrating holes of polygonal cross-section, wherein the catalyst carrier is prepared in the injection molding process, coated with a washcoat and then impregnated with the active component. The catalyst carrier includes at least one sinterable material and has a lateral pressure resistance of at least 700 N. Also, a process for the preparation of such catalysts and the use thereof in a reactor.

Abstract: A disclosed laminated sheet to be wound around an outer surface of an exhaust gas processing unit includes a first mat containing first inorganic fibers and a second mat containing second inorganic fibers, the second mat being laminated on the first mat. The average fiber length of the first inorganic fibers is larger than the average fiber length of the second inorganic fibers and the laminated sheet is to be wound around the exhaust gas processing unit such that the first mat forms an outermost layer. Development of cracks in the outer surface of the laminated sheet can be prevented by winding the laminated sheet around an exhaust gas processing unit such that the first mat faces outward.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to a process for converting a reactant composition comprising H2 and CO to a product comprising at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon having at least about 5 carbon atoms, the process comprising: flowing the reactant composition through a microchannel reactor in contact with a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst to convert the reactant composition to the product, the microchannel reactor comprising a plurality of process microchannels containing the catalyst; transferring heat from the process microchannels to a heat exchanger; and removing the product from the microchannel reactor; the process producing at least about 0.5 gram of aliphatic hydrocarbon having at least about 5 carbon atoms per gram of catalyst per hour; the selectivity to methane in the product being less than about 25%. The disclosed invention also relates to a supported catalyst comprising Co, and a microchannel reactor comprising at least one process microchannel and at least one adjacent heat exchange zone.

Abstract: Honeycomb bodies, especially those used in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, contain a housing and a metal matrix with an average starting diameter. The matrix is connected to the housing, whereby at least one contraction limiter that causes an outward directed tensile stress in at least one part of the matrix is provided. The average starting diameter of the matrix is reduced by 5%, preferably by a maximum of 2%, during and/or after being subjected to thermal stress.

Abstract: A reactor vessel system includes a reactor vessel including a first port in fluid communication with an interior of the reactor vessel and an outlet port connected in fluid communication with the interior of the reactor vessel. A base supports the reactor vessel. A first coil of tubing is connected in fluid communication with the first port and disposed around a perimeter of the reactor vessel. A method of operating a reactor vessel system includes providing a reactor vessel including a first port in fluid communication with an interior of the reactor vessel and an outlet port connected in fluid communication with the interior of the reactor vessel, providing a first coil of tubing connected in fluid communication with the first port and disposed around a perimeter of the reactor vessel, and flowing steam through the first coil and into the reactor vessel.

Abstract: A device is presented for use as a centerpipe in a radial flow reactor, or for a radial flow adsorption bed. The device includes a plurality of stacked slotted cylindrical sections and frustums. The design retains the particles in a solid particulate bed that can be flowing through the reactor. The frustums provide covers to the cylindrical sections to prevent the flow of solid particles back through the slots in the cylindrical sections.

Abstract: A flexible pressure containment coverplate has been invented for radial flow reactors. The coverplate is for a fixed bed reactor wherein the reactor undergoes significant thermal cycles. The coverplate provides flexibility for axial and radial thermal growth, while providing a sealing capability to prevent leakage of the fluid. The coverplate has a half toroidal structure, with a semi-circular cross-section.

Abstract: A honeycomb structure includes at least one honeycomb unit. The at least one honeycomb unit has a longitudinal direction and includes plural cell walls extending from one end face to another end face along the longitudinal direction to define plural cells. The at least one honeycomb unit includes inorganic particles, an inorganic binder, and inorganic fibers. A degree of orientation of the inorganic fibers in an a-axis direction parallel to the longitudinal direction is about 0.5 or less.

Abstract: A mounting mat for an exhaust gas treatment device including inorganic fibers, organic binder, antioxidant, optionally clay and optionally intumescent material. The exhaust gas treatment device includes a housing, a fragile catalyst support structure resiliently mounted within the housing, and the mounting mat disposed in a gap between the housing and the fragile catalyst support structure. Additionally disclosed are methods of making a mounting mat for an exhaust gas treatment device and for making an exhaust gas treatment device incorporating the mounting mat.

Abstract: An apparatus is presented for contacting a bed of particulate material with a cross flowing fluid, which maintains the bed of particulate material within a retention volume. The apparatus includes partitions for retaining particles, with openings disposed within the partitions. The openings are covered by louvers that extend above the edges of the openings to prevent solid particles from spilling through inlet openings, and the design prevents the loss of particles through the openings during cooldown of the apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the make of a heterogeneous gas-solid catalytic reactor operated in autothermic conditions, characterised by a flat temperature profile. This invention concurrently uses three actions to optimise the operation of the ATR reactor both in terms of energy and of catalytic activity: the adoption of a specifically formulated catalyst so as to favour a “direct type” reaction mechanism, the use and the make of the catalyst on a structured support with a high porosity and tortuosity, and characterised by high thermal conductivity and the adoption of a radial flow geometry catalytic bed.

Abstract: The papermaking sheet member includes inorganic fibers, and the inorganic fibers include a lump-shaped cohered fiber which coheres as a lump.

Abstract: A catalytic converter having a housing holding upstream and downstream catalytic material carrying substrates or bricks includes a ring located between the substrates, the ring having a gap therein for receipt of a mid-bed oxygen sensor. The ring traps a layer of insulating material between the ring and the converter housing or shell surface surrounding the inter-substrate gap. The ring is coupled to the housing at a plurality of embossments either by welding or mechanical couplings.

Abstract: A tubular reactor having an insert for improving heat transfer characteristics of the tubular reactor. The insert comprises a catalyst and metal structures consecutively arranged in a lengthwise direction of the tube. The metal structures have radially expandable side walls and orifices for squeezing fluid between the metal structures and the tube wall. The radially expandable side walls form hollows between the radially expandable side walls and the tube wall of the tubular reactor. The radially expandable side walls deform responsive to the fluid pressure difference between the inside of the metal structure and the outer space between the metal structure and the tube wall thereby maintaining the gap between the orifice opening and the tube wall to adjust for tube creep.

Abstract: The distribution of fluids within a radial-flow reactor is improved using vertically extended cylinders distributed around the circumference of the vessel. Cylinders with a circular cross-section provide substantial vertical strength, and the configuration minimizes low-flow areas which could cause undesirable reactions. The cylinders are isolated from particles in the reactor by a particle-retaining outer conduit. The cylinders may be fabricated in panels for ease of installation and servicing.

Abstract: Organic pigments are capable of catalyzing the decomposition reaction of hydrogen-rich, stabilized, borohydride solutions to generate hydrogen gas on-board an operable hydrogen-consuming device such as a motor vehicle or other combustion engine. The organic pigments are used in hydrogen generating systems and in methods for controlling the generation of hydrogen gas from metal hydride solutions.

Abstract: Multilayer mats, pollution control devices containing the multilayer mats, and methods of making the multilayer mats are described. The multilayer mats include an intumescent layer sandwiched between two non-intumescent layers. The non-intumescent layers contain inorganic fibers and have a larger area than the intumescent layer.

Abstract: Packed bed reactors that have a series of alternating layers of packing. A first packing layer has open body packing elements randomly packed in a layer up to about 10 packing elements deep; and a second packing layer has porous support elements of hydrophobic foam. The porous support elements are randomly packed up to about 10 porous support elements deep. Further, the packing elements of the first layer include substantially cylindrical shapes and the porous support elements of the second layer include substantially rectilinear shapes. In some embodiments, the second layer supports microbial organisms in a biological reactor, and the first layer of open body packing provides fluid flow spaces to facilitate fluid flow and distribution, mass transfer, and to minimize channeling.

Abstract: A holding and sealing material for disposal between a catalyst carrier and a metal shell covering the outer face of the catalyst carrier. The holding and sealing material includes an inorganic fiber mat subjected to needle punching producing needled holes having a density of 50-3,000 per 100 cm2 thereof and an organic filler included inside of the needled holes of the inorganic fiber mat. The holding and sealing mat material generates a surface pressure of 5-500 kPa when heated to 300-1,000° C. under the filling bulk density of 0.15-0.45 g/cm3. The holding and sealing mat material includes an organic component which is over 0 and not more than 2 weight % after being heated to 300-1,000° C.

Abstract: A system for treatment of one or more flowing materials includes a support bed (32) comprising a plurality of support elements (34). The support bed may have a void fraction of at least 45%. An active bed (36), such as a bed of catalytic elements, may be supported by the support bed. The void fraction of the support bed may be larger than that of an equivalent bed of conventional, spherical elements, enabling significant improvements in the flow rate of reactants through the bed and/or a reduced pressure drop across the support bed.

Abstract: A support system for catalyst gauzes in an ammonia oxidation burner and a method of reducing movement of particulate ceramic material due to thermal dilatation includes the catalyst gauzes (1) and possibly support screens (2) being supported by ceramic fillings contained in a burner basket with metal walls and a perforated bottom plate. A “wave breaker” (9, 11) is fixed to the metal wall (4) and/or the outer part/periphery of the bottom plate (5).

Abstract: A radial flow reactor comprising a floating top cover plate assembly. A method of operating a radial flow reactor comprising floating a top cover plate assembly within the reactor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a shell-and-tube reactor that may be used for fixed-bed catalytic partial oxidation, the reactor being characterized by including at least one reaction zone of a first-step reaction zone for mainly producing unsaturated aldehydes and a second-step reaction zone for mainly producing unsaturated acids, wherein at least one reaction zone of the above reaction zones comprises two or more catalytic layers; each of the catalytic layers is packed with a formed product of catalyst that is different in pore density and/or pore size in a catalytically active component; and the pore density and/or pore size is controlled in such a manner that specific surface area of the catalytically active component increases from the inlet of the reactor to the outlet of the reactor. A method for producing unsaturated aldehydes and/or unsaturated fatty acids from olefins using the same reactor is also disclosed.

Abstract: A thermal insulating material which can be efficiently produced while the content of organic matters, such as organic fibers and/or an organic binder, is reduced to the same or lower degree as compared with the thermal insulating material used in a conventional pollution control device (e.g., catalytic converter), and which can be applied to a pollution control element (e.g., catalytic element) while avoiding, as much as possible, an unpleasant feeling to the operator. A thermal insulating material comprising a thermal insulating material body formed of a bulk material of inorganic fibers, and a coating provided on at least one surface of said thermal insulating material body.

Abstract: A safe, reliable chemical reactor (1, 20) with a simple construction, easy to assemble and to disassemble comprises a casing (2), a male member (3) supported by the casing (2) and inserted with a certain clearance in a female member (4) associated to the casing (2), as well as a metallic foil (10) capable of being deformed fixedly connected to the male member (3) and protruding into said clearance (8), in order to hinder the fluid passage through the clearance.

Abstract: A fine channel device, having an inlet opening for introducing a gas and an inlet path interconnecting with this inlet opening, a fine channel interconnecting with the inlet path, a discharge path interconnecting with the fine channel, and a discharge opening interconnecting with this discharge path. The inner diameter of the inlet path is greater than that of the fine channel, and either increases gradually, or remains identical, with increasing distance from the position where the inlet opening and the inlet path are in interconnection with each other.

Abstract: Methods and systems for the production of phthalic acid diesters are described herein. The methods and systems incorporate the novel use of a high shear device to promote dispersion and mixing of a phthalic acid derivative with alcohol. The high shear device may allow for lower reaction temperatures and pressures and may also reduce reaction time with existing catalysts.

Abstract: A heat insulating member for an end cone portion of an exhaust gas conversion apparatus is formed by laminating sheets each made of alumina-silica based ceramic fibers to form a matte and subjecting the matte to needling in a lamination direction of the sheets, in which a composition of the ceramic fiber used in the matte is alumina:silica=60-80:40-20.

Abstract: A honeycomb body, particularly a catalyst carrier body that serves to clean an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, includes a honeycomb structure joined to a casing tube by a joining techniques. The honeycomb structure is at least partially surrounded by an inner sleeve and at least partially by an outer sleeve. The inner sleeve and the outer sleeve are placed in an axial section between the casing tube and the honeycomb structure. The adjacently disposed components are joined to one another by a plurality of joining locations, and an open spring-damper system is formed by at least one sleeve. A long-life system for fixing a honeycomb structure in a casing tube is thus provided which permits thermal compensating expansions and distinctly reduces the tendency of the honeycomb structure to vibrate with regard to the casing tube. A method for producing such a honeycomb body is also provided.

Abstract: To provide an exhaust system (100) for an internal combustion engine having a housing (10) in which there are provided at least one exhaust inlet port (15b) and another exhaust discharge port (15a), and a catalyst element (22), which is disposed within the housing (10) of the exhaust system (100) for purifying the exhaust of the internal combustion engine in such a manner that a substantial part of the exhaust at least is caused to flow through the catalyst element (22), that is readily manufacturable at a low cost and still allows for purification of the entire exhaust by the catalyst element without causing power loss to the internal combustion engine, it is suggested that the exhaust gases (27) alternately flow through the catalyst element (22) through an exhaust conducting means (17).

Abstract: Disclosed is a shell-and-tube reactor that may be used in a method for producing unsaturated aldehydes and/or unsaturated acids from olefins by means of fixed-bed catalytic partial oxidation. The reactor includes at least one reaction zone of a first-step reaction zone for producing unsaturated aldehydes as a main product and a second-step reaction zone for producing unsaturated acids as a main product, and at least one reaction zone of the reaction zones comprises two or more catalytic layers, each of the catalytic layers being packed with a formed product of catalyst as secondary particles, wherein the secondary particles in each catalytic layer are formed of primary particles of a catalytically active component having a different particle size, and the particle size of primary particles of the catalytically active component is controlled so that it decreases from an inlet of the reactor to an outlet of the reactor.

Abstract: A hydrogen combustion system comprising: an external cylinder 1 constituting the exterior of a double tube construction; an internal cylinder 2 formed by a porous metal plate constituting the interior of said double tube construction; hydrogen combustion catalyst 4 supported with precious metals on spherical ceramic support surface, formed in pellet state, being packed in said internal cylinder 2; an insert pipe 3 formed by porous metal plate inserted in the center of said internal cylinder 2; pre-heating heaters 5 installed between said insert pipe 3 and said internal cylinder 2 to preheat said hydrogen combustion catalyst 4 to ambient atmosphere of over catalytic reaction temperatures; a hydrogen introducing port 8 connecting to said insert pipe 3; an air introducing port 9 provided at the bottom of said external cylinder 1 in the area between said external cylinder 1 and said internal cylinder 2, wherein air for hydrogen combustion is introduced by the drift effect resulting from the differential pressure

Abstract: A fixed bed containing a particulate catalyst or sorbent material (10) subject to operation at high temperature having a shaped boundary member (16) inclined to the direction of fluid flow through the bed that maintains the depth of said catalyst or sorbent at the boundary of the bed through a series of thermal expansion-thermal contraction cycles is described. By maintaining bed depth, the shaped boundary member (16) can prevent bypass of, e.g. ammonia through a bed of particulate ammonia oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a support for securely holding an exhaust catalyst in a combustion and exhaust system. The support of the invention includes a flexible refractory mat adapted to surround the exhaust catalyst and a metal foil having a plurality of protrusions disposed over the flexible refractory mat. The present invention also discloses an exhaust system in which a catalyst is held in place with the support of the invention. Finally, methods for securing a catalyst to an exhaust system are provided.

Abstract: A fibre mat (1) comprises inorganic fibres (3; 5 ) held in a flocculated binder system (4 ), the binder system comprising less than 12 w/w % of the mat. The binder-fibre flocs (3, 4 ) may be held together with relatively long inorganic fibres (5 ). A film cover layer (6 ) may be present.

Abstract: A fuel reforming system includes an inlet device for a reactor having a housing defining a frustoconical interior region having an inlet opening and an outlet opening. A tube mixer having a helical divider may be optionally employed to transfer fluid into the inlet opening. A retention member is placed at each of the openings and a plurality of particles is contained within the frustoconical interior region between the retention members. An insulator placed between the outlet opening and the catalyst reaction surface minimizes temperature non-uniformities over the catalyst surface area, which preserves the catalyst contained within the reaction surface and prevents premature onset of the reaction prior to contact of a reactant mixture with the reaction surface. As a reactant fluid material passes through the inlet device it forms a homogenous reactant fluid material which then flows onto a catalytic reaction surface to form a reformate.

Abstract: A catalyst assembly includes a housing having at least first and second recesses with side surfaces, and a catalyst carrier body fixed in said housing. The catalyst carrier body has a casing tube and a honeycomb body through which an exhaust gas can flow. The casing tube has at least first and second protuberances with side surfaces and said casing tube is connected to said honeycomb body at least in a partial region. The protuberances extend at least partially into said recesses to form a fixed mounting and at least one floating mounting with an axial mounting play. The assembly ensures that the catalyst carrier body is permanently fixed, in particular during structure-borne vibrations that occur in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An assembly includes a honeycomb body secured by an inner casing tube in a housing, in particular a housing of an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine. The inner casing tube has an overall length which is bounded axially by two edges and is substantially smaller than the axial length of the honeycomb body. The inner casing tube is also disposed in an approximately axially central position around the honeycomb body and is connected, in particular brazed, thereto in at least one axial connection region. The inner casing tube has a region within the axial connection region in which it is connected to the honeycomb body on the inside or attached directly adjacent the latter on the outside and is connected to the housing. Regions of the inner casing tube which are not connected to the housing but are connected to the honeycomb body toward the inside are constructed as radially elastic spring elements.

Abstract: A catalytic converter and method for its assembly including an external shell formed in two halves containing a catalytic substrate, two internal shields and two-piece inlet and outlet cones. The inlet and outlet cones are attached as halves to each side of the external shell, and are assembled to each other as the external shells are assembled.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus is set forth for packaging substrates in a monolith reactor, wherein the substrates are positioned in a stacked relationship along a longitudinal axis of the reactor housing. The stack of substrates is supported in a fixed position at the bottom of the stack, and the upper end of the stack is provided with a predetermined constant compression to not only compensate for different expansions between the stacked substrates and the reactor housing, but also to hold the stacked assemblies together in a tight relationship so as to prevent deleterious vibration of the substrates. The compression is preferably applied by spring-loaded means, which may be adjusted by threading a nut against the loading spring.