Abstract: The disclosed articles, apparatus, methods, and compositions provide for the integration of different and environmentally-friendly processes for extraction, stabilization, and formulation of active compounds with health and/or other benefits from lignocellulosic by-products of food processes. The active compounds can include one or more of polyphenols, flavonoids, o-diphenols, anthocyanins, and phenolic acids. A high-pressure, high-temperature extraction process provides a means to recover a substantial portion of the active compounds from a biomass feedstock. The corresponding extract can be encapsulated, which provides a convenient form for stabilization and delivery of the active compounds into a final product, for example an active packaging material or corresponding actively packaged food item.

Abstract: An electrical responsive graphene-PVDF material and the manufacturing method thereof is disclosed in the present invention. The method includes three steps. Firstly, prepare a mother solution of PVDF. Then, add graphene powders into the mother solution of PVDF to prepare a graphene-PVDF slurry. At last, remove the solvent from the graphene-PVDF slurry to directly form an electrical responsive graphene-PVDF material. Due to the ability of transforming the non-electrical energy into the electrical energy, the electrical responsive graphene-PVDF material can be formed for many different applications in the form of individual film or of film with a substrate via various film formation methods.

Abstract: A method of scavenging ammonia and amines, the method having the steps of (i) providing an aldehyde-based scavenger composition; and (ii) adding the aldehyde-based scavenger composition to a hydrocarbon.

Abstract: An ash bucket including a container including a closable top opening and a side wall; a side opening disposed on the side wall; and a side cover configured to be hinged at a minimum height at a level of a top edge of the side opening, wherein the side cover is configured to be selectively covering the side opening, wherein upon disposal of a material through the side opening in the container, the side opening is closed with the side cover which suppresses airborne particles of the material to keep as much of the material within the container.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus having a heat radiation function by a blowing structure comprising a housing, a cylindrical anion emission pipe, a discharge electrode, an induction electrode, an LED circuit board, and a lighting cover. When anions are emitted from the discharge electrode, air outside the lighting cover is introduced into the cylindrical anion emission pipe via an air through-hole, and then discharged to the outside via a second end of the cylindrical anion emission pipe to be circulated; a space in which the LED circuit board is disposed is in air communication with the air through-hole, such that heat generated by an LED chip on the LED circuit board is emitted. The lighting apparatus may achieve excellent heat radiation function without employing a complicated or heavy heat radiation device.

Abstract: A method for preparing an ammonia abatement additive for poultry litter that is formulated to assure activation in an interior environment having various relative humidity conditions. The method includes obtaining a blended litter amendment composition that, based on weight, is about 40% deliquescent salt and about 60% aluminum sulfate, relative to a total weight of the two components. The composition can be made by the user or received, already blended, from a third party. To this blended composition that has been obtained, additional deliquescent salt is added in an amount such that the total amount of deliquescent salt is effective to activate the alum-containing ammonia abatement additive at the targeted low relative humidity condition in the interior of a poultry house. The composition is a sub-component of the ammonia abatement additive which may or may not contain additional compounds. The specified relative proportions (i.e.

Abstract: The present inventive concept provides non-toxic compositions including ethanol, a polymer, and a polar aprotic solvent and methods of using the same in the field of preservation of plant, human and non-human animal tissue and anatomic pathology disciplines (e.g., surgical pathology, histopathology, cytopathology, forensic pathology). In particular, the compositions provide a safer alternative to aldehyde-based compositions.

Abstract: Embodiments generally relate to a method, an apparatus, and a machine-readable medium for scent dispensing. In particular, embodiments relate to a method dispensing at least one scent medium into an atmosphere. The method comprising increasing a concentration of the at least one scent medium in the atmosphere during a first time period; decreasing a concentration of the at least one scent medium in the atmosphere during a second time period; and increasing a concentration of the at least one scent medium or another scent medium in the atmosphere during a third time period.

Abstract: Filter media for treating contaminated water is produced from aluminum-based water treatment residuals (Al-WTR) commonly produced as a byproduct of water treatment plants. By processing the residuals into small granules, a superior green sorbent product is obtained with the functionality to adsorb contaminants, such as metals and certain nutrients in water. Biopolymers can be incorporated into the filter media to further enhance functionality and hydraulic characters.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a device for disinfecting equipment, such as medical devices, surgical equipment, and/or CPAP components (or, CPAP equipment), including the various parts of a CPAP system, such as hoses, masks, pillows, couplings, humidifiers, etc., that require frequent cleaning and disinfecting. An example device includes a chamber, an ultraviolet (UV) light configured to emit UV light within the chamber, an ozone generator configured to generate ozone within the chamber, and a control unit configured to activate the UV light and the ozone generator simultaneously for a first period of time. A method is also disclosed.

Abstract: The smart electric incense and perfume burner is a remotely controllable, electrical incense burner controllable via a smart system using Wi-Fi or Bluetooth. The burner is in the form of an orb or spherical shell, which may be placed on top of a pedestal having a battery charging circuit. The orb functions separately as a portable, battery-operated, smart electric incense and perfume burner. The orb includes an upper chamber, centrally located at the top of the orb for liquid incense or perfume. The orb also includes a lower chamber with a solid incense heater. The outer surface of the orb has a plurality of vent openings for allowing smoke from the upper and lower chambers to exit the interior of the orb. The vent openings are surrounded by multicolor LEDs and are adapted to receive elongated decorations for display.

Abstract: A clothes hanger includes a shoulder sleeve frame supporting a garment, a hook connected to the shoulder sleeve to hang on an external point, a light emitting device mounted on a top center portion of the sleeve frame, and a motion sensor communicating with the light emitting device to enable the light emitting device when external motion occurs.

Abstract: Personal care products are provided. An exemplary personal care product includes a composition that is applied to the body or clothing, or an article applied against the body; a plurality of particles associated with the composition or a component of the article, the plurality of particles, at least some of the plurality of particles comprising a cyclodextrin complexing material and a first fragrance material, wherein the percent of the first fragrance material that is complexed with the cyclodextrin is greater than about 90%, so that the perceptibility of the first fragrance is minimized prior to its release; and a second fragrance material that is not complexed with the cyclodextrin and that is different from the first fragrance material, wherein the composition or article does not contain an antiperspirant active.

Abstract: A virtual reality (VR) olfactory apparatus includes an odorant saturation chamber having an inlet and an outlet. At least a portion of the odorant saturation chamber includes a plurality of beads and a liquid. The liquid includes an odorant concentrate. The inlet extends into this portion of the odorant saturation chamber. The VR apparatus also includes a mass flow controller to generate an air flow to the inlet of the odorant saturation chamber such that the air flow passes through the portion of the odorant saturation chamber to form an odorant. The air flow passes the odorant through the outlet of the odorant saturation chamber. The VR apparatus further includes a nose chamber connected to the outlet and configured to receive the odorant.

Abstract: An automatically moving floor treatment appliance has a floor treatment element for acting on a surface to be treated, and a control device for controlling the floor treatment element. To increase the area of application of the floor treatment appliance, the control device is embodied to automatically control the floor treatment element as a function of a measuring result from an air parameter sensor in such a way that a floor treatment of the surface to be treated occurs using the floor treatment element and/or to automatically control the floor treatment element as a function of environmental data stored in an external storage device and relating to an air quality.

Abstract: Disclosed is a control method of a laundry treatment apparatus including a cabinet defining an external appearance and having a front opening, a drawer provided to be discharged through the opening, a tub accommodated in the drawer to accommodate wash water therein, a drum rotatably provided inside the tub to accommodate laundry therein, a fastening unit configured to separably couple the drawer to the cabinet, and a sensing unit configured to sense whether the drawer is discharged from the cabinet, the method including receiving a control command to operate the laundry treatment apparatus, sensing whether insertion of the drawer into the cabinet is completed by controlling the sensing unit, locking the drawer to the cabinet by controlling the fastening unit, performing the control command, and releasing a locked state so as to separate the drawer from the cabinet by controlling the fastening unit when the control command is completely performed.

Abstract: A deodorization module and a storage apparatus, the deodorization module including: a housing having one surface including a curved surface; a suction port formed on one surface of the housing to draw in external air; a fan disposed in the suction port and drawing in air; a discharge port formed on one surface of the housing to discharge the air drawn through the fan into the outside of the housing; a photocatalytic filter disposed between the fan and the discharge port and including a through hole through which air passes; and a light source module for irradiating ultraviolet rays onto the photocatalytic filter.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an ultrasonic essential oil atomizer, which includes an ultrasonic energy conversion device, having an energy conversion sheet and a driving circuit electrically connected to the energy conversion sheet, wherein a working voltage of the driving circuit is below 8V; at least one oiler, disposed on the ultrasonic energy conversion device and having a connection portion and an oil guiding cavity communicating with the connecting portion, wherein a nozzle is disposed at the bottom of the oil guiding cavity and the nozzle is disposed on a surface of the energy conversion sheet; and at least one essential oil bottle, having a bottle body and an inner lid, wherein the bottle body has a cavity and a bottle mouth communicating with the cavity, the inner lid includes a lid portion and an air intake portion disposed at a side of the lid portion, the lid portion is disposed on the bottle mouth, the bottle mouth is connected to the connection portion, an oil outlet and an air inlet are disp

Abstract: A vehicle mounted scent dispenser for releasing a scent when a driver sits in a driver's seat includes a vehicle that has an interior. A driver's seat is mounted on the interior. A dispensing unit is also mounted in the interior of the vehicle. The dispensing unit dispenses scented air into the interior of the vehicle when the dispensing unit is actuated. A switch is in communication with the dispensing unit and the driver's seat. The switch turns on the dispensing unit when a person sits on the driver's seat.

Abstract: A composition comprising a compound mixture dissolved in water, the compound mixture comprising at least one chlorite salt at least one cyclodextrin; and at least one alkaline base; provided that the cyclodextrin is in an amount of 0.13 to 13 parts by mass for every 50 parts by mass of chlorite anion ClO2?, and the alkaline base is in an amount of up to 13 parts by mass for every 50 parts by mass of chlorite anion ClO2?; wherein the composition has a pH of at least 12.5. A process for forming the composition and process for treating suspensions of particles with the composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: A scent elimination device 100 for removing the human scent and any other scent associated with hunters in the field. The device 100 produces ozone, which is applied directly or indirectly to the clothing, equipment and body 300 while the hunter is in the field 200 and/or prior to or after the hunt. The method can also be used by fishermen to eliminate fish odor.

Abstract: A carbonized material, a device for removing ozone, and a method for removing ozone are provided. The carbonized material has at least a carbonyl-containing group, alkylol group, and carbon having sp2 hybrid orbital. In particular, the at least one carbonyl-containing group has a carbon content from 10 atom % to 30 atom %, based on the total carbon atoms of the at least one carbonyl-containing group, the at least one alkylol group, and the at least one carbon having sp2 hybrid orbital.

Abstract: A disposable, single-use wipe that can be used deodorize, disinfect, and/or sterilize an object. A wipe includes a flexible membrane or cloth-like element that may apply, distribute, and/or remove a treatment agent to, over, or from a surface of the object. A treatment agent, such as micron-, or nano-sized particles of a disinfectant or sterilant chemical, Ozone, negative ions, Hydroxyl radicals, or alcohol, etc., may be applied to the surface by the wipe or another applicator. An additional treatment agent (e.g., Triclosan, Chlorine dioxide, Hydroxyl radicals, etc.), may be associated with a wipe to enhance biocidal activity. The wipe may be used alone, in combination with a holder, or in combination with an applicator of energized treatment agent. An applicator and/or a holder may be used to energize one or more treatment agent to improve its efficacy.

Abstract: A washing or cleaning agent that has MOFs (metal organic frameworks) in order to reduce offensive odor, a method for reducing malodors, and the use of MOFs to reduce malodors.

Abstract: An improved poultry production method comprising providing dry hydrogen peroxide (DHP) to poultry eggs, chicks and birds, and devices for providing DHP to poultry production during laying, incubating, hatching, and growing.

Abstract: The present invention is anti-itching powder that blocks transmission to stratum corneum and invasion up to epidermal cells by emulsion as a result of further concentration on skin stratum corneum. The emulsion is produced by mixing sweat continuously secreted during rest and sebum. The emulsion becomes a cell disorder composition. Specifically, the anti-itching powder as a fine powder contains main ingredients of aluminum chloride or alum and cyclodextrin. A fine powder as a base is dispersed into and combined with the fine powder. The application of the fine powder over the skin prevents sudden itch without blocking emission and transpiration of water in the sweat from the skin stratum corneum.

Abstract: Systems and methods for managing scent in an environment include disposing scent diffusion devices within the environment, wherein the diffusion devices comprise a communications facility that enables transmitting signals to and receiving signals from a non-fragrance dispensing, wide-area network gateway device that receives communication and control functions from a remote computer for distribution to the plurality of scent diffusion devices. A sensor in the environment transmits sensor data to the remote computer. A scent parameter for scenting the environment is received at the remote computer. Diffusion of a liquid from the scent diffusion devices is controlled by the network gateway device the to achieve the scent parameter, wherein controlling includes setting or adjusting an operation parameter of one or more of the scent diffusion devices in response to the sensor data.

Abstract: Systems and methods for managing scent in an environment include receiving data from sensors disposed in an environment regarding an indication that a service is being delivered in the environment and identifying remote atomizing scent diffusion devices disposed in the environment, wherein each scent diffusion device comprises a communications facility that enables transmitting signals to and receiving signals from the remote computer. Based on the indication, an electronic data structure is created defining a physical operational state of the scent diffusion devices, including data specifying at least one of a production of a scent that is intended to be a complement to the service, a fan speed of a fan in the diffusion device that moves particles carrying a scent, and a voltage of a pump of the diffusion device. The diffusion devices are caused to implement the at least one defined operational state.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present disclosure include a device for catching water under a hand dryer while simultaneously deodorizing a surrounding area. The device may include a stand-alone catch tray; and a deodorizing screen positioned within the catch tray such that forced air from the hand dryer contacts the deodorizing screen when the hand dryer is in use causing the deodorizing screen to release a fragrance and deodorize a surround area. The catch tray may include a top tray including a recessed sponge compartment sized to accommodate a sponge; a sponge positioned within the recessed sponge compartment; a base tray attached to the top tray; and a back wall extending upward from the base tray.

Abstract: A composition that includes spray-dried yoghurt powder and at least one anionic surfactant and/or at least one fatty acid soap, may be used as a prebiotic for inhibiting the growth and/or the physiological activity of undesired skin bacteria and/or for obtaining desired skin bacteria. A prebiotically effective cosmetic composition includes: a) at least one fatty acid soap in a weight proportion of between 20 and 75 wt. %, preferably between 30 and 70 wt. %, particularly preferably between 40 and 65 wt. %, and in particular between 45 and 60 wt. %; and b) spray-dried yoghurt powder in a weight proportion of between 0.01 and 10 wt. %, preferably 0.02 and 7.5 wt. %, particularly preferably between 0.03 and 5 wt. %, and in particular between 0.05 and 3 wt. %, wherein the amounts relate to the total weight of the cosmetic composition.

Abstract: A deformable film has a decorative surface featuring a completely matt appearance. For this purpose, the deformable film has a decorative surface provided with at least one coating comprising the following constituents: (a) an aqueous dispersion of a hydroxy-functional prepolymer, obtainable by conversion of at least one of the following components: (i) a component having hydroxyl groups, (ii) a polyester polyol having hydroxyl groups, (iii) a polyisocyanate having isocyanate groups, (iv) a compound having at least two groups reactive toward isocyanate groups and at least one group capable of anion formation, (v) water, where components (i) to (iii) and the ratio of components (i) to (iii) are selected such that an excess of hydroxyl groups is present relative to the isocyanate groups, and (b) nanoparticles having a number-average particle size of 1 to 1000 nm and (c) a crosslinker having at least two groups reactive toward hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use, in a cosmetic or dermatological composition, of a particular water having a pH of between 7.8 and 10 and a total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration of between 10 and 250 mg/l. The invention also relates to a cosmetic or dermatological composition containing this water. The invention relates in particular to a treatment method intended for preventing or delaying the appearance of the effects of intrinsic and/or extrinsic ageing of the skin, or for slowing down the effects thereof; for preventing or reducing pigmentary spots on the skin, or the coloration of hyperpigmented areas of skin; for reducing the pigmentation of the periphery of depigmented areas; for improving the uniformity of the skin coloration; or for lightening the complexion of the skin.

Abstract: A method of disinfecting one or more surfaces and an apparatus for use in the method. The method includes a securing step arranged for creating an isolation of the surfaces to be disinfected, a disinfection step for emitting UV radiation for the generation of ozone and/or for the sterilization of air from one or more ultra violet (UV) light sources, and adding the generated ozone to the isolation, and a termination step arranged for terminating the generation of ozone and terminating the securing step.

Abstract: An apparatus for delivering a volatile material in a continuous manner is disclosed. The apparatus includes a delivery engine having a reservoir for containing a volatile material; a rupturable substrate secured to the reservoir; a rupture element positioned adjacent to the rupturable substrate; and a breathable membrane enclosing the reservoir, rupturable substrate and rupture element. In some embodiments, the apparatus includes a housing having a notch for compressing the rupture element and breaching the rupturable substrate as it is inserted into the housing.

Abstract: A permanent filter for a medical sterilization container is provided. The permanent filter is made from a ceramic. The ceramic is made from globular substrate grains. A medical sterilization container is also provided, in particular for receiving and storing objects to be sterilized, having a container bottom part and a container top part for closing the container bottom part in a closed position of the sterilization container. At least one of the container bottom part and the container top part have a gas exchange orifice, which is closed with a permanent filter. The permanent filter is made from a ceramic and the ceramic is made from globular substrate grains. In addition, a method is provided for producing a permanent filter for a medical sterilization container. The permanent filter is produced from a ceramic material by sintering. Globular substrate grains are used as the ceramic material.

Abstract: An apparatus for disinfecting furniture, having a main member including an inner surface configured for receiving the furniture. The main member includes a plurality of apertures disposed along the inner surface. The apparatus has at least one temperature controller and at least one air source to the controller for heated blowing air. The apertures are in communication with at least the air source, and UV light from the light source and air from the air source can at least partially pass through the inner surface.

Abstract: A device for sanitizing objects using ozone is disclosed having a container defining an enclosed space and a selectively closeable opening for enclosing the space, an ozone generator, an ozone converter, a controller, and a timer working together to generate a predetermined concentration of ozone within the enclosed space and maintain approximately the same concentration for a predetermined period of time. Also disclosed are assemblies and methods detecting and warning of entrapment within the enclosure and halting ozone production when it occurs. Further disclosed are devices and methods for coupling a maintenance device to the sanitizing system to perform various maintenance operations such as adjusting operational control parameters, and observing conditions within the enclosed chamber in real-time such as temperature, humidity, and ozone concentration.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for controlling odors in an enclosed space, such as a pit latrine, include providing an oxidizer, such as a catalytic heater and an optional mechanical ventilation unit, such as an inline fan, both flow connected to a vault (pit) of the latrine. The heater is also connected to a source of fuel, for example, propane. Fresh air is drawn through vents in the latrine housing and thereafter through toilets in the latrine and through the vault, providing oxygen for the reaction. The fan and/or oxidation process draws both fresh air and accompanying odorous compounds directly from the latrine and into the oxidizer wherein the odorous components are substantially destroyed.

Abstract: The invention relates to nutrient compositions for agricultural applications, and methods for plant or crop growth and care. The nutrient composition comprises a potassium-based nutrient solution enriched by electrochemical treatment. In various embodiments, the potassium-based nutrient composition comprises hypochlorous acid. The present invention involves the use of the nutrient compositions or solutions, among other things, in pre-harvest and post-harvest treatments and in environmental and soil disinfection.

Abstract: Apparatus for the removal of exhaust gases are provided herein. In some embodiments, an exhaust apparatus may include a housing defining an inner volume, an inlet and an outlet formed in the housing to facilitate flow of an exhaust gas through the inner volume, wherein the inlet is configured to be coupled to an exhaust outlet of a semiconductor process chamber to receive the exhaust gas therefrom, and wherein the exhaust gas can flow through the inner volume substantially free from obstruction, an ultraviolet light source to provide ultraviolet energy to the exhaust gas present the inner volume during use, wherein the ultraviolet light source provides sufficient energy to at least partially decompose the exhaust gas, and a conduit coupled to the outlet and configured allow at least some ultraviolet energy provided from the ultraviolet light source to travel directly along an axial length of the conduit.

Abstract: A method for inactivating medically important Gram-positive bacteria including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus (CONS), Streptococcus, Enterococcus and Clostridium species, comprising exposure to visible light, and in particular light within the wavelength range 400-500 nm.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for controlling odors in an enclosed space, such as a pit latrine, include providing an oxidizer, such as a catalytic heater and an optional mechanical ventilation unit, such as an inline fan, both flow connected to a vault (pit) of the latrine. The heater is also connected to a source of fuel, for example, propane. Fresh air is drawn through vents in the latrine housing and thereafter through toilets in the latrine and through the vault, providing oxygen for the reaction. The fan and/or oxidation process draws both fresh air and accompanying odorous compounds directly from the latrine and into the oxidizer wherein the odorous components are substantially destroyed.

Abstract: It is intended to provide a substance inhibiting an odor caused by sotolone. The present invention provides an inhibitor of an odor caused by sotolone, comprising an antagonist of an olfactory receptor OR8D1 as an active ingredient.

Abstract: A deodorizing composition that entraps and neutralizes malodors and is intended to be used on a pet. The deodorizing composition contains cyclodextrin, an aqueous carrier, a water soluble silicone, and a buffer system comprising citric acid. The composition has a pH from about 5 to about 8.5 and the composition is non-irritating and non-toxic to pets.

Abstract: A station combines a toilet paper dispenser, dispenser for dispensing hand wipes, a dispenser for dispensing surface antibiotic wipes, and a deodorant feature. The station includes a toilet paper dispenser made from a plastic type material and the toilet paper dispenser may be a single or double roll dispenser. The station cover houses a battery-operated fan that pulls air from inside the dispenser. A tray inside the dispenser holds a fragrance cup holding a quantity of deodorant. The base holds one or two rolls of commercial toilet paper, each of which rolls on a hollow plastic axle to hold a bottle containing wipes. A microswitch may be integrated in the cover to disengage the fan when the cover of the unit is open.

Abstract: An odor control system includes a controlling gas source, a gas sensor module for detecting a dominant gas, the gas sensor module, a sample conduit, and an electronic control unit. The controlling gas source supplies a controlling gas to react with a foul air gas in a foul air volume. The gas sensor module for detects a dominant gas and generates a detection signal. The sample conduit routes reacted gas from the four air gas volume to the gas sensor module. The electronic control unit is configured to receive the detection signal from the gas sensor module and to automatically control the controlling gas source in response thereto. The detection signal has a signal direction relative to a signal baseline set such that the signal direction will differ depending on whether the controlling gas or the foul air gas is the dominant gas.

Abstract: An odor control composition may be dosed to a wastewater treatment system to control hydrogen sulfide levels. The composition may include a sulfide-reducing agent and an oxidizer. Synergy between the compounds of the odor control composition may facilitate efficient reduction of hydrogen sulfide levels. The sulfide-reducing agent and the oxidizer may be present in a single odor control composition or may be dosed to the system separately.

Abstract: A multi-layer article is provided containing a sorbent layer having a first side and a second side; a vapor permeable or microporous layer adjacent to at least a portion of at least one of the first side and second side of the sorbent layer; optionally, a second vapor permeable or microporous layer on a side of the vapor permeable or microporous layer not adjacent to the sorbent layer; optionally, a vapor impermeable layer adjacent to a portion of the sorbent layer not adjacent to the vapor permeable or microporous layer; and an active composition having at least one volatile component; wherein the sorbent layer contains the active composition, and each layer is capable of being formed into a required shape or structure; and a method for its use in treating the atmosphere of an environment such as a compartment or localized space.

Abstract: The present invention relates to candles capable of diffusing a plurality of volatile active substances simultaneously, a base portion, at least one wick and a plurality of cartridges carrying the volatile active substances to be diffused, the base portion being provided with a plurality of holes adapted to receive the cartridges. The invention further relates to a method for diffusing a plurality of active substances simultaneously comprising manufacturing and burning such candle.

Abstract: According to the present invention, an arbitrary active constituent is sprayed stably so as to treat a target space. A method of the present invention, for treating a target space, includes the step of spraying, in the target space, a composition in an effective amount, the composition containing (i) a solvent and (ii) an electrolyte having a pK of not less than ?10 but not more than 7, which pK is a dissociation constant with respect to water, the composition being sprayed as liquid particles in a mist form, which liquid particle have (I) an average particle diameter of not less than 100 nm but not more than 10 ?m and (II) an average charge number of not less than +40 but not more than +40000.