Abstract: A method of manufacturing a synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide comprises steps of removing only hydrogen sulfide from a natural gas containing hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide by permitting the natural gas to pass through a hydrogen sulfide-removing device filled with a hydrogen sulfide absorbent, adding carbon dioxide and steam to the natural gas which the hydrogen sulfide has been removed to prepare a mixed gas, and feeding the mixed gas into a reaction tube of a reformer, thereby permitting mainly a steam reforming reaction to take place in the mixed gas. This method enables hydrogen sulfide in natural gas to be removed while permitting the carbon dioxide of natural gas to be effectively utilized, thereby reducing the quantity of carbon dioxide to be added to the natural gas to be transferred to the reformer.

Abstract: A process for removing hydrogen sulfide from a fluid stream by contacting a hydrogen sulfide-containing stream with a sorbent composition wherein said sorbent composition is produced by mixing at least one zinc component which is zinc oxide or a compound convertible to zinc oxide, at least one silica component where the silica component comprises silica or a compound convertible to silica, at least one colloidal metal oxide, and optionally at least one pore generator component so as to form a mixture, extruding the mixture, sphering the resulting extrudate to form spherical particles having a size of form about 0.5 to about 15 millimeters drying the resulting spherical particles, calcining the dried particles, steaming the resulting calcined particles, sulfiding the steamed particles by contacting them with sulfides or sulfur at a temperature of about 200° C. to 1400° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of improved active charcoal exhibiting a high resistance to sulphur-comprising products, such as H2S, COS and mercaptans; to the improved active charcoal thus obtained; and to a process for the purification of a gas stream comprising sulphur-comprising compounds. The gas to be treated is air, nitrogen, hydrogen produced by reforming or cracking of alcohols, of ammonia or of hydrocarbons, natural gas, combustion gas or fermentation gas.

Abstract: A sulfur oxide storage material contains a magnesium-aluminum spinel (MgO.Al2O3) and can be used as a so-called “sulfur trap” to remove sulfur oxides from oxygen-containing exhaust gases of industrial processes. In particular, it can be used for the catalytic purification of exhaust gas from internal-combustion engines to remove the sulfur oxides from the exhaust gas in order to protect the exhaust gas catalysts from sulfur poisoning. The material displays a molar ratio of magnesium oxide to aluminum oxide in the range of over 1.1:1, and the magnesium oxide present in stoichiometric excess is homogeneously distributed in a highly disperse form in the storage material.

Abstract: In an exhaust-gas cleaning system and method for performing desulphating operations, a catalytic converter having oxidation properties is connected downstream of an NOx-adsorber, and a secondary-air feed device is provided between the NOx-adsorber and the catalytic converter having oxidation properties. The feed device is connected to a control device so that secondary air is introduced between the NOx-adsorber and the catalytic converter having oxidation properties during the desulphating operations.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus involving a reaction zone loaded with particles for the prolonged continued time of operation time on a dust containing feed stream by arrangement of the particles in a plurality of beds, and in a number of operation time bypassing with main part of the feed stream a number of the particle beds.

Abstract: The useful life of SOx additives having a SO2→SO3 oxidation catalyst component and a SO3 absorption component can be extended by employing each of these components as separate and distinct physical particles, pellets, etc.

Abstract: A catalyst system for deodorization and an apparatus for deodorization, each of which comprises a pretreating catalyst and a noble metal catalyst, the pretreating catalyst converting a sulfur atom of low oxidation state which deactivates the noble metal catalyst into a sulfur atom of high oxidation state which has little deactivation effects thereon, the noble metal catalyst oxidizing aldehyde, etc., wherein a material to be deodorized is brought into contact with the pretreating catalyst prior to being brought into contact with the noble metal catalyst. As the pretreating catalyst, a catalyst comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and oxides thereof is used, while as the noble metal catalyst, a catalyst comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum and gold is used.

Abstract: Flue gas deriving from incinerators that burn refuse, wood, or sludge is cooled in a spray drier, freed of dust in a dust remover, optionally freed of hydrohalides and sulfur oxides in one or two washers, one downstream of the other, and filtered through a filter-bed adsorber packed with an adsorbent containing a calcium hydroxide and optionally activated charcoal or coke. The adsorber is cleaned at intervals. An aqueous suspension is prepared from some or all of the adsorbate collected from the filter when it is cleaned. The gas is brought into contact with the suspension in at least one part of the system upstream of the filter.

Abstract: The present invention provides an exhaust gas treatment process wherein exhaust gas containing mercury and sulfur dioxide is subjected to a desulfurization treatment in a desulfurizing absorption tower and then passed through a mist eliminator for removing and recovering mist from the desulfurized exhaust gas, the process including the step of removing mercury from the desulfurized exhaust gas by feeding thereto an oxidizing agent and an antioxidant unreactive with the oxidizing agent at a position upstream of the aforesaid mist eliminator. The process of the present invention makes it possible to remove mercury, particularly metallic mercury vapor, effectively from a large-volume gas (e.g., exhaust gas from an electric power plant) and to reduce the operating cost of an exhaust gas treatment system significantly.

Abstract: A process is provided for removing sulfur compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur oxides and thiols, out of fluids, such as natural gas or natural gas liquids, by contacting the fluid with a physical mixture of iron oxide, zinc oxide or mixtures thereof and an activator, such as platinum oxide, gold oxide, silver oxide, copper oxide, copper metal, copper carbonate, copper alloy, cadmium oxide, nickel oxide, palladium oxide, lead oxide, mercury oxide, tin oxide and cobalt oxide, preferably copper oxide wherein the activator is present in an amount equal to 0.125% by wt. to 5% by wt. of the total physical mixture. The contacting is conducted at a temperature of 300° C. or less.

Abstract: A process of operating a nitrogen oxides storage catalyst of an exhaust gas treatment system is described. The process relates to the cycling of the normalized air/fuel ratio &lgr;-value of the exhaust gas exiting the engine, in which a lambda value greater than 1 represents oxygen-rich, lean burn conditions in which a sorption phase for the sorption of nitrogen oxides takes place; and in which a lambda value less than 1 represents oxygen-poor, rich burn conditions in which a desorption and conversion phase for the desorption and conversion of nitrogen oxides takes place. The &lgr;-value of the exhaust gas downstream from the storage catalyst is monitored during the desorption and conversion phase to determine the end of the desorption and conversion phase based on the &lgr;-value falling below a predetermined threshold value.