Abstract: A chemisorptive metal alloy includes from about 30% to about 70% by weight of Ti and/or Zr and from about 30% to about 70% by weight of Cu. Optionally, the alloy may also contain from 0% to about 5% by weight of Fe; from 0% to about 10% by weight of Ni; from 0% to about 5% of V; and from 0% to about 5% of Cr.A method of purifying a reactive gas and removing foreign impurities therefrom includes conducting the impurities containing reactive gas, such as chlorine, hydrogen chloride, silane and dichlorosilane, through a bed of the above described pulverized metal alloy and removing the impurities from the gas by chemisorption on the alloy.

Abstract: There is described a process for the recovery of deuterium and tritium from their oxides, such has heavy water and tritiated water, comprising the steps of reacting the oxides of deuterium and tritium with an intermetallic compound having a formula ZrM.sub.2, where M is a transition metal chosen from the group comprising Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni such that it sorbs oxygen and released deuterium and tritium. The reaction preferably occurs by contacting the impure gas with the ZrM.sub.2 alloy as defined above, in the form of a compressed powder. A preferred alloy is the intermetallic ternary compound ZrMnFe.

Abstract: A process for the removal of hydrogen from a mixture of hydrogen and one or more organic compounds, which comprises contacting the mixture with a molecular sieve containing a reducible metal cation, said molecular sieve being selectively permeable to hydrogen.

Abstract: A process for removing the impurities carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water vapor and, optionally, hydrogen from a feed stream comprising initially removing water and carbon dioxide, oxidizing carbon monoxide and hydrogen to form carbon dioxide and water vapor, respectively, and removing the oxidation products. The process may be conducted batchwise or continuously by carrying out purification in a plurality of treatment zones wherein one or more zones are being regenerated while one or more others are purifying the feed stream.

Abstract: An H.sub.2 S-containing gas is combusted with oxygen in at least one burner, which discharges into a combustion chamber. The resulting mixed gases contain H.sub.2 S, SO.sub.2, free hydrogen and elementary sulfur and are at temperatures of about 900.degree. to 2000.degree. C. At temperatures of about 900.degree. to 2000.degree. C. at least part of the free hydrogen is removed from said mixed gases. The free hydrogen may be removed from the mixed gases, e.g., through membranes.

Abstract: A process for the purification of contaminated hydrogen gas which involves, first, subjecting the hydrogen gas to a preliminary purification with a hydride-forming material which has a low hydrogen storage capacity to remove substantially all of the contaminants, followed by a primary purification of the hydrogen gas with a hydride-forming material which has a high hydrogen storage capacity, thereby extending the useful life of the hydride-forming material which has the high hydrogen storage capacity.

Abstract: The present invention is an integrated process for the adsorptive recovery of a high purity carbon monoxide product from a gas mixture containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrogen, with the potential additional recovery of a hydrogen-rich stream and the recycle of the resulting gas mixture to a reformation reaction to produce the gas mixture with a more favorable carbon monoxide and hydrogen product slate. Separate carbon dioxide recovery can be performed. Hydrogen recovery can be either by adsorptive or by membrane technology. The process achieves high recoveries at reduced capital cost and at reduced product cost.

Abstract: A continuous process for separating hydrogen in high purity from a gaseous hydrogen-containing mixture by absorbing in an absorber unit the hydrogen by metal hydride forming particles suspended in an inert liqid and desorbing in a desorber unit the hydrogen from the hydrided particles includes the step of treating the suspension of the hydrided particles before entering the desorber unit to remove dissolved gaseous non-hydrogen components by stripping with hydrogen, preferably with a part of desorbed hydrogen. By this way it is possible to obtain hydrogen having a purity of more than 99.9%.

Abstract: The present invention constitutes a class of organometallic complexes which reversibly react with hydrogen to form dihydrides and processes by which these compounds can be utilized. The class includes bimetallic complexes in which two cyclopentadienyl rings are bridged together and also separately .pi.-bonded to two transition metal atoms. The transition metals are believed to bond with the hydrogen in forming the dihydride. Transition metals such as Fe, Mn or Co may be employed in the complexes although Cr constitutes the preferred metal. A multiple number of ancilliary ligands such as CO are bonded to the metal atoms in the complexes. Alkyl groups and the like may be substituted on the cyclopentadienyl rings. These organometallic compounds may be used in absorption/desorption systems and in facilitated transport membrane systems for storing and separating out H.sub.2 from mixed gas streams such as the product gas from coal gasification processes.

Abstract: An absorption mass consists of an oxidic porous carrier substance saturated with CuSO.sub.4. The CuSO.sub.4 is in the form of a monohydrate or with CuSO.sub.4 free from water of crystallization.

Abstract: A diffusion process for steam reforming of a hydrocarbon to produce H.sub.2, CO and CO.sub.2, that includes: providing a generally tubular, porous, ceramic membrane, and providing a heated reaction zone in a container into which the membrane is received; the membrane carrying a catalytically active metallic substance; passing a hydrocarbon and steam containing first fluid stream into the zone and into contact with one side of the membrane, to produce CO, CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 ; and passing a second fluid stream adjacent the opposite side of the membrane in such manner as to promote hydrogen diffusion through the membrane from said one side to said opposite side thereof; and removing hydrogen from the opposite side of the membrane.

Abstract: Silane can be adsorbed by KOH on alumina. This discovery can be used to remove silane from other gases, e.g. hydrogen.

Abstract: A method of producing a vacuum in a volume of a hollow body which has at least one outlet opening for the gaseous atmosphere present therein, the method includes the following steps: introducing at least about 3 g/dm.sup.3 of evacuation volume of a metal hydride into the hollow body so as to take up less than about 5% of the volume 3. The metal hydride comprises a hydride forming alloy of the formulaTi(V.sub.1-a-b Fe.sub.a Al.sub.b).sub.xy Mn.sub.z,wherein1<x.ltoreq.20<y.ltoreq.0.2x+y.ltoreq.20<a.ltoreq.0.40<b.ltoreq.0.2a+b.ltoreq.0.5(1-a-b) x.gtoreq.10<z.ltoreq.2-x-y.The metal hydride is heated to a temperature so that a substantial amount of the gaseous hydrogen is released from the hydride, the heating step is performed so that heating of the hollow body will not exceed a temperature of about 500.degree. C.

Abstract: Substantially isothermal thermo-cyclic chemical and physical processes are achieved by conduct of the thermo-cyclic process conducting the thermo-cyclic process in thermal exchange relation with a sufficient quantity of transition thermal absorption/release material to operate the thermo-cyclic process substantially isothermally at about the transition temperature of the thermal absorption/release material during the exothermic and the endothermic portions of the thermo-cyclic process.

Abstract: In order to prevent the formation of a hydrogen atmosphere in a free gas ce usually available in the storage containers of radioactive waste, potassium permanganate is dispersed in a suitable carrier within the storage barrel provided for the waste. When the radioactive waste is first encased in cement before being put in a storage barrel, the potassium permanganate is introduced into the cement before it sets by mixing in a solution or crystals. Alternatively the compressed or solidified waste is enveloped in a porous non-reducing aggregate of carrier materials, such as particles of aluminum oxide, on the exposed surfaces of which potassium permanganate is applied or which is mixed with potassium per manganate particles. The waste and the enveloping permanganate-containing carrier material are then securely enclosed in a common container.

Abstract: For the production of hydrogen, hydrocarbons are subjected to a partial oxidation, the resulting gaseous fraction is fed to a CO shift conversion and the acid gases are removed by absorption. To obtain a H.sub.2 product with a purity of at least 99% by volume without reduction in yield, sulfur compounds are removed in a first absorption stage with an organic, physical solvent; the resultant desulfurized gas is subjected to a selective catalytic oxidation with oxygen to selectively convert CO to CO.sub.2, and resultant desulfurized CO-depleted gas is treated in a second absorption stage with preferably the same scrubbing agent as first absorption stage to remove CO.sub.2.

Abstract: The exhaust gas of a fusion reactor contains, besides non-burnt fuel (tritium and deuterium) and helium, the "ash" from the nuclear fusion reaction a number of impurities with the radioactive tritium and/or deuterium chemically bound to them. In order to clean the exhaust gas, both the elemental and the chemically bound tritium and/or deuterium fractions are separated from the exhaust gas. Separation is achieved exclusively by physical and catalytical process steps, namely a palladium/silver permeator, a CuO/Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 /ZnO catalyst bed and a further palladium/silver permeator containing a nickel/aluminum oxide bulk catalyst.

Abstract: Process for decontaminating exhaust gas from a fusion reactor fuel cycle of exhaust gas components containing at least one heavy hydrogen isotope selected from tritium and deuterium in compound form, in which the at least one heavy hydrogen isotope is liberated from its compound, separated out from the exhaust gas and fed back into the fuel cycle, the compound form being at least one compound which is ammonia or a hydrocarbon, comprising:(a) converting the at least one heavy hydrogen-containing compound into its elements in the exhaust gas by cracking the at least one heavy hydrogen containing compound with a cracking medium to liberate the hydrogen isotope,(b) passing the liberated hydrogen isotope through a membrane to separate out the liberated hydrogen isotope from the flow of the remaining exhaust gas, and(c) discharging the remaining decontaminated exhaust gas into the surrounding air.

Abstract: Highly pure argon is obtained from an argon waste gas composition by adding a stoichiometrically excess amount of oxygen to the waste gas composition to combust hydrogen and the like impurities and to convert into water and carbon dioxide, adding a stoichiometrically excess amount of a hydrocarbon gas to the resulting gas composition to remove the residual oxygen by the reaction with the oxygen and the hydrocarbon gas so as to convert into water and carbon dioxide, and subjecting the resulting gas composition to a pressure swing adsorption-desorption treatment to remove the impurities.

Abstract: Process for decontaminating an exhaust gas from a fusion reactor fuel cycle of exhaust gas components containing at least one heavy hydrogen isotope selected from tritium and deuterium in compound form, the compound form being ammonia and hydrocarbon, the exhaust gas containing CO and hydrogen isotopes and in which the at least one heavy hydrogen isotope is liberated from its compound, separated out from the exhaust gas and fed back into the fuel cycle, comprising(a) carrying out a catalytic oxidation reaction at a temperature of from 200.degree. C. to 250.degree. C., to oxidize the exhaust gas components, without changing the ammonia, as follows: CO to CO.sub.2, hydrocarbon to CO.sub.2 +water, and the hydrogen isotopes to water,(b) bringing the gas admixture resulting from step (a) into contact with a metal bed at a temperature in the range of 200.degree. C. to 400.degree. C. to selectively transform the water into hydrogen isotopes and to remove O.sub.

Abstract: The reversible reaction M+x/2 H.sub.2 .rarw..fwdarw.MH.sub.x, wherein M is a reversible metal hydride former that forms a hydride MH.sub.x in the presence of H.sub.2, generally used to store and recall H.sub.2, is found to proceed under an inert liquid, thereby reducing contamination, providing better temperature control, providing in situ mobility of the reactants, and increasing flexibility in process design. Thus, a slurry of particles of a metal hydride former with an inert solvent is subjected to a temperature and pressure controlled atmosphere containing H.sub.2, to store hydrogen and to release previously stored hydrogen. The direction of the flow of the H.sub.2 through the liquid is dependent upon the H.sub.2 pressure in the gas phase at a given temperature. When the actual H.sub.2 pressure is above the equilibrium absorption pressure of the respective hydride the reaction proceeds to the right, i.e., the metal hydride is formed and hydrogen is stored in the solid particles.

Abstract: A method of separating hydrogen from mixture with at least one gas selected from the group consisting of methane and its higher homologs, nitrogen, noble gases, CO, CO.sub.2, O.sub.2, NH.sub.3, H.sub.2 O, and H.sub.2 S, comprising contacting the mixture with active magnesium thereby selectively to absorb the hydrogen by forming magnesium hydride, separating the unabsorbed gas from the magnesium hydride, heating the magnesium hydride thereby to desorb the hydrogen in purified form and regenerate active magnesium from the hydride, and recovering the desorbed hydrogen.

Abstract: A device is described for the sorption of hydrogen isotopes at low pressures, their storage and their subsequent release at high pressures. Use is made of a getter material having linear sorption isotherms and a compressor material having non-linear sorption isotherms.

Abstract: A process is provided for optimizing the storage capacity, based on weight, of a hydrogen storage device containing a hydride-forming alloy. A corresponding hydrogen storage device is also provided wherein the storage device is designed to operate under a pressure of 100 to 300 bars, and the weight of hydride-forming alloy contained within the device is about 0.8 to 2 kg of hydride-forming alloy per liter of internal volume. As an added benefit attendant this process and device, the hydrogen gas stored in the device is purified thereby.

Abstract: Hydrogen is stored at cold temperatures (room temperature to liquid nitrogen temperature) by sorption in a high unit surface area activated carbon storage medium. A minor amount of a transition metal is dispersed in the carbon, and this significantly increases the hydrogen occupancy of the available storage sites on the carbon. In a favorable embodiment, the storage medium is activated so as to maintain a quantity of water, which acts as a co-catalyst to further enhance the quantity of hydrogen that can be stored.

Abstract: The use of an alloy of the formulaTi(V.sub.l-a-b Fe.sub.a Al.sub.b).sub.x Cr.sub.y Mn.sub.zwherex=greater than 1. to 2y=0 to 0.2x+y=at most 2a=0 to 0.4b=0 to 0.2a+b=at most 0.5(l-a-b).x=at least 1Z=0 to (2-x-y)as a getter material. The alloy is distinguished by a low activation temperature, favorable mechanical properties and inexpensiveness.

Abstract: There is disclosed a one-step process for purifying an inert gas achieved by contacting the inert gas including minute quantities of an impurity selected from the group consisting of CO, CO.sub.2, O.sub.2, H.sub.2, H.sub.2 O and mixtures thereof with a particulate material comprised of nickel in an amount of at least about 5% by weight as elemental nickel distributed over an effective area of surface, typically from about 100 to 200 m.sup.2 /g, thereby forming an inert gas having less than 1 ppm and preferably less than 0.1 ppm of any such impurity.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for the separation of hydrogen and/or euterium and tritium from an inert gas flow which is contaminated with hydrogen and/or deuterium and/or tritium, wherein the inert gas which is to be purified is conducted along the primary side of an exchange wall for hydrogen isotopes.The secondary side of the exchange wall has applied thereto an agent which so chemically reacts with the permeating hydrogen isotopes that the hydrogen isotope or the hydrogen isotopes which are to separated out of the inert gas flow which is to be purified, are bound in a reaction product which is transportable in a gas flow which is not capable of permeating through the exchange wall, and wherein along the secondary side of the exchange wall there is conducted a carrier gas flow which conveys off the reaction product.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for recovering hydrogen from a hydrogen-containing feed stream using a metal hydride adsorption cycle. The adsorption cycle utilizes at least six separate metal hydride adsorption beds, and has been expanded over conventional adsorption cycles to include several additional process steps. Each of the separate beds successively undergoes adsorption, first equalization, rinse or second equalization, desorption, repressurization with rinse effluent, repressurization with equalization effluent and final repressurization with feed gas.

Abstract: A method of separating hydrogen from mixture with at least one gas selected from the group consisting of methane and its higher homologs, nitrogen, noble gases, CO, CO.sub.2, O.sub.2, NH.sub.3, H.sub.2 O, and H.sub.2 S, comprising contacting the mixture with active magnesium thereby selectively to absorb the hydrogen by forming magnesium hydride, separating the unabsorbed gas from the magnesium hydride, heating the magnesium hydride thereby to desorb the hydrogen in purified form and regenerate active magnesium from the hydride, and recovering the desorbed hydrogen.

Abstract: The method for extracting hydrogen from a gas stream containing hydrogen with or without other gases by a sorption-desorption process using as the hydrogen sorber a pellet bed of a porous, metallurgically bonded, heat-ballasted hydridable mixture comprising a major proportion of a heat-ballast material and a minor proportion of a hydridable metallic material.

Abstract: Hydrogen gettering alloys which contain nickel, mischmetal, and zirconium, and may optionally contain one or more of cobalt, copper, iron, aluminum, tin, titanium and silicon, overcome many of the deficiencies of the existing getter technology. These alloys may be readily activated for use and regenerated for reuse. They are conveniently prepared using available furnace technology.

Abstract: The present invention involves a process for recovering hydrogen from a feed gas mixture comprising hydrogen and at least one other component. The feed gas mixture is initially separated in a membrane separation unit to produce a hydrogen-rich stream and a hydrogen-lean stream. The hydrogen-lean stream is subsequently treated in a cryogenic separation unit to remove a portion of the non-hydrogen components and produce a hydrogen-enriched stream. The hydrogen-enriched stream from the cryogenic separation unit is recycled and combined with the feed gas mixture to the membrane separation unit.

Abstract: HCl-contaminated gas streams are purified by contacting the contaminated gas with an alumina-containing material which has been promoted with an alkaline earth metal salt.

Abstract: This disclosure concerns an improved phospho-gypsum recovery process in which phospho-gypsum waste product and coke are first heated to remove moisture, some SO.sub.2 and other vaporous matter, then heated to a higher temperature in a reducing atmosphere to remove and separately recover SO.sub.2, then further heated in an oxidizing atmosphere to about 1200.degree. to 1250.degree. C. to remove any unreacted carbon and calcium sulfide before entering an electric furnace. The disclosure also concerns passing the gas stream from the condenser-heat exchanger over the clinker from the electric furnace to scrub SO.sub.2 from said gas stream. The essence of the invention is the unique absorber system used to remove any and all remaining fluorine in the gases from the calciner/furnace. If not removed, the fluorine will severely harm the catalyst used in the contact sulfuric acid plant to which the gases are sent for recovery of sulfur values.

Abstract: The purpose of this invention is to store hydrogen in the form of a metal hydride. The hydride is disposed on the surface of a plurality of metal fins which are attached to heat transfer tubes. The fins are closely spaced so that the weight of hydrogen stored per unit volume is high, approaching one pound per cubic foot. Because the formation of a metal hydride is quite exothermic, the rate of addition or removal of hydrogen to or from the hydride is limited by the ability of the apparatus to conduct heat to or from the hydride. The structure of the present invention provides for rapid heat transfer, so that the cell can be used in a heat pump, a hydrogen compressor, or to store hydrogen fuel for a vehicle. The invention includes embodiments wherein the heat transfer medium is either a liquid or a gas. The invention also comprises a new method of applying a metal or metal alloy, capable of forming a metal hydride, to a metal surface.

Abstract: An inert gas stream containing parts per million levels of impurities such as O.sub.2, CO, CO.sub.2, H.sub.2, H.sub.2 O, is purified by passing the same sequentially through a first bed and second bed of material. In the first bed, carbon monoxide and hydrogen are both reacted with oxygen to form CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O. The latter is retained in this first bed while the reaction products and the inert gas stream are supplied to a second of material which is comprised of a getter. In this bed, oxygen reacts with the getter material and carbon dioxide is adsorbed therein so that the inert gas stream leaving the second bed is substantially free of such impurities. The first and second beds of material operate at temperatures up to about 38.degree. and these materials may be regenerated by heating the same to approximately 200.degree. C. and purging such beds with a purge gas flow.

Abstract: Hydrides of As, B, P, Sb or Se in a gas can easily be removed from the gas by contacting the gas with an adsorbent comprising activated carbon having (1) iodine and/or one or more kinds of iodine compounds and/or (2) one or more kinds of sulfates and nitrates of NH.sub.4, Ag, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Sn supported thereon.

Abstract: A fuel tank for a hydrogen vehicle in which a plurality of fuel cylinders are disposed and contained in a casing of the fuel tank for containing hydrogen storage alloy, the fuel cylinders are connected to a header mounted integrally with the casing for containing the fuel cylinders, a conduit for supplying engine exhaust gas is connected to the casing for externally heating the fuel cylinders in the casing.

Abstract: A metal hydride container, comprising a heat pipe of annular cross section, a metal hydride filling the central cavity of said heat pipe, closure members serving to close the openings at the opposite ends of said central cavity, a hydrogen passage tube possessed of a shut-off valve and fitted into an aperture formed in one of said closure members and communicated with the cavity of the heat pipe through a partition member pervious to hydrogen gas and impervious to said metal hydride; and a metal hydride heat storage system comprising at least one metal hydride container above-mentioned, which is useful for storing solar heat and waste heat.

Abstract: A reactor system for production of hydrogen by use of a hydride bed acting upon dissociated ammonia is formed of coaxial annular shells. A central one of the shells includes a hydride bed composed of pelletized material supported on a screen. Inner and outer shells contiguous to the central shell conduct fluid for heat exchange with the hydride bed. Inner and outer diameter of the central shell differ in length by an amount inversely proportional to the square root of the heat adsorption characteristic of the hydride.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon getter pump for use in sealed envelopes comprises an active metal alloy capable of gettering hydrogen, a nickel catalyst and means for heating the nickel catalyst and getter material from 300.degree. to 500.degree. centigrade. The heated catalyst dissociates the hydrocarbon into hydrogen and carbon. The getter material getters the hydrogen and the carbon is deposited on the surfaces of the catalyst.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for storing isotopes of hydrogen (especially tritium) are provided. The hydrogen gas(es) is (are) stored as hydrides of material (for example uranium) within boreholes in a block of copper. The mass of the block is critically important to the operation, as is the selection of copper, because no cooling pipes are used. Because no cooling pipes are used, there can be no failure due to cooling pipes. And because copper is used instead of stainless steel, a significantly higher temperature can be reached before the eutectic formation of uranium with copper occurs, (the eutectic of uranium with the iron in stainless steel forming at a significantly lower temperature).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for effecting hydrogen sorption and dissociation on an adsorbent metal at an elevated temperature, wherein the method is carried out in an apparatus including a vessel for containing an adsorbent metal, the vessel including a hydrogen intake path and a hydrogen discharge path, a pair of electrodes located at opposite ends of the vessel such that the vessel is insulated to the electrodes, and a source of power for supplying electric current to the electrodes, so as to effect electric current between the electrodes through the adsorbent metal.

Abstract: A method of enhancing the thermal desorption of a first isotope of a diatomic gas from a metal comprises the steps of (a) establishing a partial pressure of a second isotope of the diatomic gas in vicinity of the metal; heating the metal to a temperature such that the first isotope is desorbed from the metal; and reducing the partial pressure of the desorbed first isotope while maintaining the partial pressure of the second isotope substantially constant. The method is especially useful for enhancing the desorption of tritium from the Zr-Al getter in a plasma confinement device.

Abstract: A process for the removal of hydrogen from a gas which also contains oxygen, which process comprises contacting the said gas at ambient temperature with a catalyst comprising a carrier of tin oxide and alumina impregnated with from 0.25 to 2.5% by weight of platinum and from 0.25 to 2.5% by weight of palladium.

Abstract: The invention relates to the charging of pressure gas containers used for the storage of hydrogen, on the basis of a gas/solid matter reaction. In the method the container (1) is supported from the outside both on filling and compressing of the storage material (2) and on subsequently charging the material (2) with hydrogen. By this means, deformations of the container wall through expansion of the storage mass or its introduction into the container are inhibited, and the use of larger more economic containers is made possible.

Abstract: There are disclosed manganese compounds of the formulaMn.sup.II LX.sub.2 (Q).sub.n (I)wherein L is a monodentate ligand of the formulaPR.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 (II)whereinR.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are identical or different and are substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl or hydrogen providing that no more than two of the R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 groups are substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups and that at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl group,X is a species capable of existing as an anion, e.g., Cl, Br,Q is a solvento molecule capable of forming a chemical bond to the manganese, andn is 1, 2, or 3 solvent donor atoms.The manganese compounds are useful in the separation of a gas such as oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur dioxide, an alkene, and carbon monoxide from fluids containing these gases.

Abstract: The specification describes a process and apparatus for pumping and removal of unwanted gases by effecting a chemical reaction between the gases and a highly reactive substance which is in the form of aerosol particles, to form a non-volatile, solid reaction product. In one embodiment of the invention, the reactive substance is initially provided in the form of a solid; the solid is heated to liquify it; and the liquid is forced through spray nozzles under high pressure to form the desired aerosol particles, which then react with the gas to be pumped.

Abstract: Stibine is removed from gases generated in antimonial lead-acid batteries by using a filter having carbon powder (especially activated charcoal) as the active agent.