Abstract: Iron contaminants are removed from hydrocarbon oils, and from produced water or flowback water by-products of oil and gas production, by treatment of such liquids with a composition comprising a two-tail lipid compound. The lipid binds iron to form a lipid/iron phase in the liquid, which is then removed to provide a liquid with a reduced iron level.

Abstract: A method of producing an n-type group III nitride single crystal includes putting raw materials that include at least a substance including a group III element, an alkali metal, and boron oxide into a reaction vessel; melting the boron oxide by heating the reaction vessel to a melting point of the boron oxide; forming a mixed melt which includes the group III element, the alkali metal, and the boron oxide, in the reaction vessel by heating the reaction vessel to a crystal growth temperature of a group III nitride; dissolving nitrogen into the mixed melt by bringing a nitrogen-containing gas into contact with the mixed melt; and growing an n-type group III nitride single crystal, which is doped with oxygen as a donor, from the group III element, the nitrogen, and oxygen in the boron oxide that are dissolved in the mixed melt.

Abstract: A process and a resulting product by process of an aluminum hydride which is modified with by physically combining in a ball milling process an aluminum hydride with a triammonium salt of aurin tricarboxylic acid. The resulting product is an aluminum hydride which is resistant to air, ambient moisture, and liquid water while maintaining useful hydrogen storage and release kinetics.

Abstract: An object and a problem of the present invention is to provide tin (II) oxide powder which has extremely high solubility in an acid or an acidic plating solution and excellent in storage stability in the air. The tin (II) oxide powder of the present invention is for replenishing a tin component of a tin-alloy plating solution, and comprises 100 to 5000 ppm of an antioxidant being contained in the powder with a mass ratio, and has such a dissolution rate that when 0.1 g of the tin (II) oxide powder is added to 100 ml of 100 g/L aqueous alkylsulfonic acid solution at a temperature of 25° C. and stirred, then the powder dissolves therein within 180 seconds.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide tin(II) oxide powder which has extremely high solubility in an acid or an acidic plating solution, excellent in storage stability in the air and can heighten oxidation-preventive effect of Sn2+ ion in the plating solution. The method for manufacturing tin(II) oxide powder of the present invention comprises Step (11) of preparing an aqueous acidic solution containing Sn2+ ions, Step (12) of neutralizing the aqueous acidic solution by adding an aqueous alkaline solution to prepare a slurry of tin(II) hydroxide, Step (13) of dehydrating the prepared slurry to obtain a slurry of tin(II) oxide, Step (14) of separating the slurry of tin(II) oxide into a solid and a liquid to obtain tin(II) oxide, Step (15) of treating the obtained tin(II) oxide with an aqueous antioxidant solution, and Step (16) of vacuum drying the tin(II) oxide treated with the aqueous antioxidant solution.

Abstract: A method is taught to alleviate some of the expected seawater corrosion of aluminum alloy fuel tanks originating from the chlorides present in seawater through the use of a dicarboxylic acid additive that is added to the aluminum alloy fuel tank when seawater enters the tank.

Abstract: Some embodiments include methods of removing silicon dioxide in which the silicon dioxide is exposed to a mixture that includes activated hydrogen and at least one primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary ammonium halide. The mixture may also include one or more of thallium, BX3 and PQ3, where X and Q are halides. Some embodiments include methods of selectively etching undoped silicon dioxide relative to doped silicon dioxide, in which thallium is incorporated into the doped silicon dioxide prior to the etching. Some embodiments include compositions of matter containing silicon dioxide doped with thallium to a concentration of from about 1 weight % to about 10 weight %.

Abstract: Present invention discloses a high-pressure vessel of large size formed with a limited size of e.g. Ni—Cr based precipitation hardenable superalloy. Vessel may have multiple zones. For instance, the high-pressure vessel may be divided into at least three regions with flow-restricting devices and the crystallization region is set higher temperature than other regions. This structure helps to reliably seal both ends of the high-pressure vessel, at the same time, may help to greatly reduce unfavorable precipitation of group III nitride at the bottom of the vessel. Invention also discloses novel procedures to grow crystals with improved purity, transparency and structural quality. Alkali metal-containing mineralizers are charged with minimum exposure to oxygen and moisture until the high-pressure vessel is filled with ammonia. Several methods to reduce oxygen contamination during the process steps are presented.

Abstract: By a method and a device for preventing corrosion on and in the region of a gas inlet nozzle during nitric acid condensation, contact of the condensing gas with the nozzle and with the surroundings of the nozzle are supposed to be minimized. This is achieved in that the gas inlet nozzle has a sleeve on the inside in the transition region to the interior of the condenser, by which sleeve a gas inlet orifice in the form of an annular gap is formed, whereby the annular space is provided with at least one feed opening for secondary air, so that an enveloping flow of secondary air is produced around the entering NO gas.

Abstract: A coating composition is disclosed that includes a binder, a tri-valent chromium solid, and a stabilized oxidizing agent. The coating composition is used in a method to protect a surface of a metallic article, such as an aluminum article. The tri-valent chromium solid forms a soluble hexavalent chromium compound as a result of reaction with the oxidizing agent when activated in the presence of a corrosive environment. The released water soluble hexavalent chromium migrates to coating defects to protect the metallic article.

Abstract: This invention pertains to complex mixtures of the formula M is a metal having a valence of from 2–6, L1 is an anionic ligand and L2 is a siloxide or silyl amide ligand suited for producing stable thin-film metal silicates, v is equal to the valence of the metal, and 0<x<v. The bonding is such that an M—O—Si or an M—N—Si linkage exists, respectively, and the stability for the complex is provided by the organic ligand. The invention also relates to a process for preparing the metal siloxide complexes. Thus, the complexes can be represented by the formulas (R)mM—(O—SiR1R2R3)n and (R)mM—[N—(SiR1R2R3)y(R4)2- y]n wherein M is a metal having a valence of 2–6, m and n are positive integers and m plus n is equal to the valence of the metal M. The R type groups, i.e., R, R1, R2, R3, and R4 represent an organo ligand.

Abstract: A corrosion inhibitor for use with Urea Ammonium Nitrate solutions is disclosed, comprising a blend of molybdate and one or more of the inorganic phosphates (including phosphates, polyphosphates, and pyrophosphates) and organic phosphates or phosphonates. Inorganic phosphates include, but are not limited to, SHMP (Sodium Hexametaphosphate) and TKPP (Tetra-Potassium Pyrophosphate). There are numerous other inorganic phosphates that will also serve as suitable secondary inhibitors. Organic phosphates or phosphonates include, but are not limited to, HEDP (1-Hydroxyethylidine-1,1-diphosphonic acid; also known as ethanol diphosphonate, acetodiphosphonic acid, or etidronic acid), ATMP or AMP (aminotri(methylenephosphonic acid)), PBTC (Phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid), DETPMP (Diethylenetriaminepenta(methylene phosphonic acid)), and HPA (hydroxyphosphono acetic acid). There are numerous other organic phosphates and phosphonates that will also serve as suitable secondary inhibitors.

Abstract: The addition of an alkali to aluminum sulfate raises the pH, increases that cationic charge, improves performance as compared to aluminum sulfate alone and causes the aluminum sulfate to be non-corrosive to skin and metal. The addition of a minor quantity of phosphoric acid also provides added stability to the product.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for generating recoverable sulfur containing compounds, e.g., sulfur dioxide, from a spent sulfuric acid stream by combusting and/or thermally decomposing the spent sulfuric acid stream in a furnace. The spent sulfuric acid stream is sprayed into the furnace through a spray nozzle designed to minimize the spent sulfuric acid droplet size, e.g., to produce droplets having a Sauter mean diameter of from 200 micrometers to 700 micrometers.

Abstract: Concentrated aqueous gypsum slurries containing small amounts of water soluble phosphonates are non-clogging when used in drip irrigation systems.

Abstract: Ceramic materials which exhibit stability in severely-corrosive environments having high alkali-metal activity, high sulfur/sulfide activity and/or molten halides at temperatures of 200.degree.-550.degree. C. or organic salt (including SO.sub.2 and SO.sub.2 Cl.sub.2) at temperatures of 25.degree.-200.degree. C. These sulfide ceramics form stoichiometric (single-phase) compounds with sulfides of Ca, Li, Na, K, Al, Mg, Si, Y, La, Ce, Ga, Ba, Zr and Sr and show melting-points that are sufficiently low and have excellent wettability with many metals (Fe, Ni, Mo) to easily form metal/ceramic seals. Ceramic compositions are also formulated to adequately match thermal expansion coefficient of adjacent metal components.

Abstract: A trace amount of a molybdate is disclosed for inhibiting corrosion by concentrated urea-ammonium nitrate fertilizer solutions (UAN) in contact with ferrous metal piping and equipment surfaces. From 10 to 200 ppm of sodium molybdate are blended in a UAN solution containing 20-50 weight percent water for effectively inhibiting corrosion. The corrosion-inhibited UAN solution is non-sludging, non-foaming and essentially free of precipitates.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition suitable for use in process for the removal of sulfides, especially hydrogen sulfide from a feed contaminated therewith. The composition comprises an aqueous solution of a chlorite and a corrosion inhibitor which is an amphoteric ammonium compound of the formula ##STR1## as herein defined. The inhibitor mitigates problems of corrosion associated with chlorite scavengers.

Abstract: Moist particulate sulfur is subject to microbial oxidation during extended storage, resulting in an undesirable accumulation of sulfuric acid in the sulfur. Treatment of the sulfur with an antimicrobial agent reduces or prevents the formation of the acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved chlorosulfonic acid (CSA) composition useful in making a high clarity sulfated salt of a C.sub.8-22 natural or synthetic predominantly straight chain aliphatic primary alcohol to a process for making the improved CSA composition and to improved CSA composition by the process.The CSA contains less than 1 weight percent sulfuric acid, less than 0.47 weight percent sulfur trioxide, less than 5 parts per million iron and less than 0.5 relative percent pyrosulfuryl chloride.The CSA process involves contacting the hydrogen chloride and sulfur trioxide at the point of reaction with from 0.75 to 1.5 weight percent sulfuric acid based on the stoichiometric rate of CSA produced from the sulfur trioxide with an excess of hydrogen chloride.

Abstract: A liquid borate is added to sulfur trioxide-containing combustion gases at a temperature of from about 250.degree. to about 1000.degree. F. in a boiler or other furnace system. The borate neutralizes sulfuric acid in the gases and inhibits sulfuric acid corrosion and deposition on metal surfaces of the system that contact the gases. An organic deposit modifying agent such as sorbitol and an additional acid neutralizing agent such as an alkali metal hydroxide, aluminate, or silicate may also be added to the combustion gases.

Abstract: The method for improving the initial activity of activated hydrazine, is used as corrosion protection for reservoir drinking water and for the wet preservation of installation parts, which are no longer being used. It is the goal of the invention to improve the initial activity of hydrazine solutions, which are activated with complexes of trivalent cobalt, with respect to oxygen dissolved in water, and to lower the activator concentration; the object of the invention being to use a suitable coactivator. The object is accomplished in that the activator-rich hydrazine solution additionally contains 2-amino-4-nitrophenol or 2-acetamino-4-nitrophenol or mixtures thereof as coactivator.

Abstract: The addition of a small amount of hydrazine or a derivative or salt thereof serves to inhibit the corrosive effect of caustic such as sodium hydroxide on metal surfaces during the manufacture of the caustic or in processes using same. For instance, aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions having hydrazine or a derivative or salt thereof added thereto in an effective concentration in the range of from as little as about 2 ppm or less and up to about 1000 ppm, preferably of from about 2 to about 200 ppm, and most preferably from about 3 to about 40 ppm, can be concentrated by evaporation in nickel or nickel alloy equipment at temperatures as high as 150.degree.-175.degree. C. without causing undue corrosion.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for eliminating oxygen dissolved in water wherein there is added to the water a hydrazine solution containing, as the activator, an amount of a compound of the formula: ##STR1## WHEREIN A = 0, 1 OR 2; B = 0, 1, 2 OR 3; C = 0, 1, 2 OR 3; B + C = 2 OR 3; AND A + B + C = 3, 4 OR 5, SUFFICIENT TO INCREASE THE RATE OR REMOVAL OF SUCH OXYGEN COMPARED TO THE RATE WHEN AN AQUEOUS HYDRAZINE SOLUTION, PER SE, IS USED.The use of aqueous solutions of hydrazine to eliminate oxygen dissolved in water, such as boiler or heater water, is known.

Abstract: Contaminated sulfuric acid which may contain water, organic compounds and inorganic salts is converted to almost pure concentrated sulfuric acid by passing the acid through a Pauling plant and distilling the concentrated contaminated acid.Addition of nitric acid improves the decomposition of organic compounds and ammonium salts of the contaminated acid.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and aqueous solutions containing a sulfite compound chosen from alkali metal and ammonium sulfites and bisulfites and at least one water soluble stabilizing compound which is an organic phosphonate containing at least two phosphonic acid groups per molecule. Also provided is a method of reducing the oxidation rate of aqueous sulfite solutions caused by oxygen in the atmosphere and a method of decreasing the corrosiveness to ferrous metals of aqueous systems containing dissolved oxygen and at least one divalent cation derived from iron, cobalt, copper, manganese, and nickel.