Abstract: Nanoscalar, pyrogenically produced yttrium-zirconium mixed oxide which has a BET surface area of between 1 and 600 m2/g, a total chloride content of less than 0.05 wt. % and does not exhibit a conversion into the monoclinic phase during storage is produced by atomizing yttrium compounds and zirconium compounds and reacting them in a flame. The mixed oxide can be used as ceramic raw material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a stable solution containing Anatase titanium oxide intended to be deposited on a substrate in order to obtain a transparent photo-catalytic coating. Such a process includes the preparation of an initial stabilized peptized solution including a titanium precursor material, an organic solvent, an acid agent, the mixing of said initial solution with a large amount of water, the pH of the obtained intermediate solution being less then 3, subjecting said intermediate solution and its dispersion to a heat-treatment, the exchange of water by an organic solvent with low surface tension to obtain a final solution that is finally dispersed. The invention particularly allows to coat thermally sensitive and/or transparent substrates with photo-catalytic films of high optical quality.

Abstract: There are provided: (I) a process for producing zirconia powder, which comprises the step of calcining a zirconium salt in an atmosphere containing hydrogen chloride, and (II) a process for producing zirconia powder, which comprises the steps of: (1) pre-calcining a zirconium salt to obtain a pre-calcined product, and (2) calcining the pre-calcined product in an atmosphere containing hydrogen chloride.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of coated granular sodium percarbonate having a low TAM value. The preparation is carried out by fluidized-bed spray granulation at a temperature TG in the range from 45 to 75° C., and the coating is effected by the spray application of an aqueous solution containing at least one coating component in a fluidized bed at a temperature TU in the range from 35 to 100° C. According to the invention, a) after the fluidized-bed spray granulation but before the coating, drying is carried out at TNT of greater than TG, or b) the fluidized-bed granulation is carried out in at least two steps at TG1, TG2 . . . TGn, TG2 or TGn being higher than TG1, and drying being unnecessary if ? of the granulate have been formed at TG1, or c) drying takes place not after the granulation but after the coating, at TUNT, TUNT being at least 20° C. higher than TG.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a quasi-crystalline boehmite containing additive in a homogeneously dispersed state. Suitable additives are compounds containing elements selected from the group of alkaline earth metals, alkaline metals, rare earth metals, transition metals, actinides, silicon, gallium, boron, titanium, and phosphorus. Said QCBs according to the invention may be prepared in several ways. In general, a quasi-crystalline boehmite precursor and an additive are converted to a quasi-crystalline boehmite containing the additive in a homogeneously dispersed state.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for preparing cerium oxide nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution. The cerium oxide nanoparticles obtained by the method of the invention are nearly all crystalline. The method comprises providing a first aqueous solution comprising cerium nitrate and providing a second aqueous solution comprising hexamethylenetetramine. The first and second aqueous solutions are mixed to form a mixture, and the mixture is maintained at a temperature no higher than about 320° K to form nanoparticles. The nanoparticles that are formed are then separated from the mixture. A further aspect of the present invention is an apparatus for preparing cerium oxide nanoparticles. The apparatus comprises a mixing vessel having a first compartment for holding a first aqueous solution comprising cerium nitrate and a second compartment for holding a second aqueous solution comprising hexamethylenetetramine. The mixing vessel has a retractable partition separating the first and second compartments.

Abstract: Bleaching a particulate calcium carbonate aqueous slurry with a reductive bleaching agent such as formamidine sulfinic acid increases the viscosity of the slurry. Combining the slurry with a metal material such as strontium hydroxide reduces any increase in viscosity of the bleached calcium carbonate slurry. Addition of the reductive bleaching agent and/or the metal material takes place prior to, during or after the manufacture of the slurry or the bleaching step. Metal materials in one embodiment include those that form substantially water insoluble precipitates of the reductive bleaching reaction products.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions of a manganese sulfide (MnS) compound useful as additives for making a sintered product. Also disclosed herein is a method of making the composistions in which molybdenum (Mo) or Fe—Mo is added to the MnS compound to improve machinability and to obtain a more stable MnS compound, thereby reducing any change in weight and size in a sintering process. The compositions can suppress erosion of parts in a sintering furnace during a sintering process, prevent sooting on a surface of the sintered product from occurring, and enhance resistance to moisture in the air to keep the sintered product in the air for a long time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production, by fluid-bed spray granulation, of granular sodium percarbonate having a low TAM value. According to the invention, in the fluid-bed spray granulation, an Mg compound in a quantity of 50 to 2,000 ppm, in particular 100 to 1,000 ppm, or/and a complexing agent from among the hydroxycarboxylic acids, aminocarboxylic acids, aminophosphonic acids and phosphonocarboxylic acids, hydroxyphosphonic acids and their alkali metal salts, ammonium salts or Mg salts, in a quantity of 50 to 2,000 ppm, in particular 200 to 1,000 ppm, are added as stabilisers to the soda solution and/or H2O2 solution. Preferably a combination of an Mg compound in a quantity of 100 to 1,000 ppm Mg2+ and waterglass in a quantity of 0.1 to 1 wt. %, in particular 0.1 to 0.5 wt. %, is used, and in this case granules having a TAM value of about or below 6 ?W/g and simultaneously a short dissolving time, are obtainable.

Abstract: An element-doped diamond crystal is disclosed herein. The crystal includes at least one dopant element which has a greater concentration toward or near an outermost surface of the crystal than in the center of the crystal. The concentration of the dopant element is at a local minimum at least about 5 micrometers below the surface. The concentration-profile of the dopant element for these diamond crystals causes an expansion of the diamond lattice, thereby generating tangential compressive stresses at the surface of the diamond crystal. These stresses beneficially increase the compressive fracture strength of the diamond.

Abstract: A cathode includes a carbon nanotube layer, which is optimized with a low work function material, such as an alkali. The inclusion of the alkali material improves the field emission properties of the carbon nanotube layer.

Abstract: Pyrogenically prepared, surface modified aluminum oxide, having the following physical chemical properties: 1 Surface area [m2/g]  50 to 150 Tamped density [g/L]  25 to 130 Drying loss [%] less than 5 Loss on ignition [%] 0.1 to 15  C content [%] 0.

Abstract: Method for producing stable sodium chlorite by pelletization of granular sodium chlorite with metal salt or salts forming hydrates with water of hydration in the pellets being more than 5% of the anhydrous weight of the sodium chlorite. Pelletized sodium chlorite can be used to produce chlorine dioxide gas by passing a dilute mixture of chlorine gas and an inert gas through a bed of the pellets.

Abstract: Use of alkali metal carbonates to stabilize aqueous solutions of alkali metal aluminates.

Abstract: Carbon black with a CTAB surface area from about 10 to 35 m2/g and a DBP absorption from about 40 to 180 ml/100 g, the &Dgr;D50 value being at least 340 nm. The carbon black may be produced in a furnace-black reactor from a liquid carbon-black raw material and gaseous carbon-black raw material injected into a constriction in the reactor. Compared to other forms of carbon black, the carbon blacks of the present invention have advantageous properties, such as improved dispersibility, and may be economically and conveniently used in rubber mixtures, particularly in those used to produce extrusion profiles.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to cheaper process for the preparation of quasi-crystalline boehmite containing additive in a homogeneously dispersed state. In this cheaper process an inexpensive quasi-crystalline boehmite precursor is and additive are combined and aged to form a quasi-crystalline boehmite containing additive in a homogeneously dispersed state. Suitable inexpensive quasi-crystalline boehmite precursors are aluminum trihydrate and thermally treated forms thereof and inorganic aluminum salts. Suitable additives are compounds containing elements selected from the group of rare earth metals alkaline earth metals, transition metals, actinides, silicon, gallium, boron, and phosphorus.

Abstract: A single crystal of lithium niobate or lithium tantalate may be grown from a melt of a composition having a molar excess of Li compared to a melt having the stoichiometric amount of lithium, and having a molar fraction of Li2O/(Nb2O5+Li2O) or Li2O/(Ta2O5+Li2O) within a range of at least 0.490 and less than 0.500. The single crystal also has at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Zn, Sc and In, in an amount of from 0.1 to 3.0 mol % based on the total amount of the elements, Nb and Li, or the total amount of the elements, Ta and Li.

Abstract: Bismuth- and phosphorus-containing catalyst supports, naphtha reforming catalysts made from such supports, methods of making both support and catalyst, and a naphtha reforming process using such catalysts.

Abstract: Dispersible barium titanate-based particles and methods of forming the same are provided. One method involves subjecting the barium titanate-based particles to a heating step which removes hydroxyl groups from particle surfaces. Another method involves attaching a coupling agent to surfaces of the barium titanate-based particles. Both methods reduce the tendency of particles to agglomerate and/or aggregate when subsequently dispersed in a fluid. Thus, the methods enable production of dispersions that have a relatively uniform distribution of particles throughout. Such dispersions may be further processed as desired to form, for example, dielectric layers, polymer/dielectric composites or other structures. The structure may also include a uniform distribution of barium titanate-based particles which can improve properties amongst other advantages.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to an improved process for the preparation of quasi-crystalline boehmite. In this improved process a quasi-crystalline boehmite precursor is aged at a pH below 7, prefereably under hydrothermal conditions. It was found that when conducting the preparation processes for quasi-crystalline aluminas described in the prior art at a pH below 7 and under hydrothermal conditions instead of the high pH and thermal aging used in the prior art, QCBs with higher crystallinity are obtained. In the process according to the invention additives may be added to the quasi-crystalline boehmite precursor. This results in a high quality QCB with additives in a homogeneously dispersed state. Suitable additives are compounds containing elements selected from the group of rare earth metals alkaline earth metals, transition metals, actinides, silicon, gallium, boron, and phosphorus.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a quasi-crystalline boehmite containing additive in a homogeneously dispersed state. Suitable additives are compounds containing elements selected from the group of alkaline earth metals, alkaline metals, transition metals, actinides, silicon, gallium, boron, titanium, and phosphorus. Said QCBs according to the invention may be prepared in several ways. In general, a quasi-crystalline boehmite precursor and an additive are converted to a quasi-crystalline boehmite containing the additive in a homogeneously dispersed state.

Abstract: Aluminum-doped precipitated silicas having a BET surface area of more than 300 m2/g and aluminum distributed uniformly in the silica particles are prepared by sequentially heating a mixture of water and sodium silicate at a temperature of from 70 to 86° C. and adding sulfuric acid until half of the sodium silicate is neutralized, then aging the mixture for a time of from 30 to 120 minutes, adjusting the pH of the mixture with sulfuric acid to a range of from 3.0 to 7.0, thereby precipitating the aluminum-doped silica, filtering the aluminum-doped silica from the mixture to form a filtercake and washing the filtercake, followed by drying and/or grinding the washed filtercake. An aluminum salt solution is metered into the mixture at step a) and/or step c). The aluminum-doped precipitated silicas of the present invention may be used in coatings for paper and other media intended for ink jet printing.

Abstract: Carbon black characterized by a STSA surface of between 20 and 180 m2/g, a 24M4-DBP absorption of between 40 and 140 ml/100 g, a specific BET surface of between 20 and 250 m2/g, a content of 0.01 to 20 wt. % of silicon, referred to its overall weight, and a tan &dgr;0/tan &dgr;60 ratio greater than 3.37−0.0068 STSA is produced by mixing silicon-containing compounds with the carbon black raw materials in the oxidative pyrolysis of the carbon black raw materials and optionally using carbon black oil as fuel. The carbon black can be used as a filler in rubber mixtures, preferably for tires.

Abstract: The present invention relates to oxidic nanocrystals and a process and apparatus for producing oxidic nanocrystals from metalorganic compounds or volatile inorganic compounds. In particular, the process is suitable for oxidic or oxysulfidic nanocrystals, particularly based on the elements Y, Gd, Mg, Ca, Ba and Al. The nanocrystals preferably have a mean initial particle size of 1 to 20 nm.

Abstract: A cold cathode is formed of carbon nitride. The cathode may include layers of boron nitride and diamond underlying the carbon nitride. The cathodes are made by reactive laser ablation or by sputtering. Electronic devices utilizing the carbon nitride cathodes are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing oxidic nanocrystals, the process comprising the following steps:

Abstract: A phase stabilized ammonium nitrate and a method of making the same wherein ammonium nitrate is stabilized through the presence of a stabilizing metal diammine dinitrate without requiring or necessitating the isolation of explosive metal tetrammine nitrate complexes.

Abstract: Pyrogenically prepared titanium dioxide doped by means of an aerosol contains an oxide from the group zinc oxide, platinum oxide, magnesium oxide and/or aluminum oxide as the doping component.

Abstract: A graphite powder suitable for a negative electrode material of a lithium ion secondary battery which assures a high discharging capacity not lower than 320 mAh/g is to be manufactured at a lower cost. Specifically, a graphite powder containing 0.01 to 5.0 wt % of boron and having a looped closure structure at an end of a graphite c-planar layer on the surface of a powder, with the density of the interstitial planar sections between neighboring closure structures being not less than 100/&mgr;m and not more than 1500/&mgr;m, and with d002 being preferably not larger than 3.3650 Å, is manufactured by (1) heat-treating a carbon material pulverized at an elevated speed before or after carbonization for graphization at temperature exceeding 1500° C. or by (2) heat-treating the carbon material pulverized before or after carbonization at a temperature exceeding 1500° C.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a photocatalytic powder containing titanium dioxide fine particles containing an anionically active substance, where the electrokinetic potential of the fine particle is from about -100 to 0 mV in an aqueous environment at pH 5. Another object of the present invention is to provide a photocatalytic slurry containing the powder, and a polymer composition, a coating agent, a photocatalytic functional molded article and a photocatalytic functional structure using the powder.

Abstract: Carbonaceous insertion compounds and methods for preparation are described wherein the compounds comprise a highly disordered, impurity free, hard pre-graphitic carbonaceous host. Carbonaceous insertion compounds can be prepared which have large reversible capacity for lithium yet low irreversible capacity and voltage hysteresis. Such insertion compounds can be prepared by simple pyrolysis of suitable epoxy, phenolic resin, or carbohydrate precursors at an appropriate temperature. These insertion compounds may be suitable for use as high capacity anodes in lithium ion batteries.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an inexpensive and safe titanium dioxide powder having an excellent photocatalytic ability and a high purity of anatase phase crystalline structure by utilizing meta-titanic acid as a starting material is disclosed. Meta-titanic acid is first neutralized by a basic solution, followed by adding a metal oxide. Then, the meta-titanic acid is spray dried using hot air to obtain spherical shape granules. The granules are then sintered to obtain the resulting titanium dioxide powder having small sized porous second particles and a high specific surface area. As a result, an economical and highly effective photocatalytic titanium dioxide powder can be obtained.

Abstract: A hydrogen fuel storage composition is prepared by mixing and reacting, on an atomic proportion basis, one part of an alkali metal selected form the group of lithium, sodium or potassium with eight to 24 parts of carbon under conditions of temperature and pressure such that a fully-reacted alkali metal intercalated graphitic carbon composite is formed. When suitably prepared, such a composite can reversibly absorb ten percent or more of its weight of hydrogen gas.

Abstract: Flowable cyanuric chloride containing hydrophilic silica as a flow auxiliary, the hydrophilic silica is a precipitated silica or silica gel having an average agglomerate diameter of less than 15 &mgr;m. Preferred products exhibit improved bulk density, reactivity and/or flowability properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for easily and efficiently producing silica particles having a narrow particle size distribution and a high porosity from inexpensive starting materials such as sodium silicate. The silica particles of the present invention can be obtained in the form of a slurry containing them by (1) forming a slurry by mixing first particles difficultly soluble in an alkali and soluble in an acid, with an aqueous alkali silicate solution to form a first slurry containing the first particles, (2) neutralizing the first slurry with a mineral acid to prepare a second slurry containing second particles wherein silica is deposited on the first particles, and (3) adding a mineral acid to the second slurry to dissolve the first particles from the second particles, to prepare a third slurry containing silica particles.

Abstract: The method of the present invention includes placing a solid dopant in or near the nozzle of a DC arc jet. According to one embodiment of the invention, the interior surface of an arc jet nozzle is coated with a layer of copper by brushing the surface with a copper brush. According to another embodiment of the invention, the interior surface of an arc jet nozzle is coated with a layer of copper by plating it with copper. According to another embodiment of the invention, a copper cylinder is placed inside an arc jet nozzle. Apparatus according to the invention include a DC arc jet with a solid dopant placed in or near the nozzle according to one of the methods described. Diamonds according to the invention are conductive diamonds formed by a plasma jet process where a solid dopant was placed in or near the nozzle according to one of the methods described.

Abstract: A process for the production of high density hydration resistant sintered lime which comprises washing limestone having impurities of less than 2% to remove external impurities, crushing the washed limestone to a size of 25 mm or below, calcining the limestone at a temperature in the range of 1000 to 1150° C. for a period in the range of 2 to 3 hours to form a calcined mass, hydrating the calcined mass, drying the hydrated mass by known methods, deagglomerating the dried hydrated mass with 1 to 4 weight percent of an additive selected from the group consisting of a transition metal oxide capable of forming a low melting compound, a rare earth metal oxide capable of forming a solid solution, and mixtures thereof, pelletizing the resultant mixture at a pressure of at least 1000 Kg/lcm2, sintering the pellets at a temperature In the range of 1500° C. to 1650° C. for a period In the range of 24 hours and allowing the resultant sintered pellets to cool.

Abstract: A ferroelectric material having a basic structure of ReMnO3, said ferroelectric material comprises Re and Mn one of which is contained in excess of the other to a limit of 20 at. % or the ferroelectric material is further added with a 4-valence element. Also, a method of forming a ferroelectric material, comprises decreasing an oxygen partial pressure within a growth reactor such as a vacuum deposition reactor, and forming a film on a film-forming surface of a substrate (4) while blowing an oxidizing source thereto. This structure provides a ferroelectric material low in leak current and improved in ferroelectric characteristics. Where using the material for a semiconductor memory device, its characteristics can be improved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound based on an alkaline-earth metal, on sulphur and on aluminium, on gallium or indium, to its process of preparation and to its use as luminophore. The compound of the invention corresponds to the formula AB2S4, in which A represents an alkaline-earth metal and B aluminum, gallium, or indium and it is characterized in that it is provided in the form of a powder with a residual oxygen content of not more that 1.5% and composed of particles with a mean size of not more than 10 &mgr;m. This compound is obtained by a process which contains the following stages: a solution or a suspension comprising salts of the elements A and B is formed, the solution or the suspension is dried by atomization and the product obtained in the preceding stages is reacted with carbon disulphide or with a mixture of hydrogen sulphide and or carbon disulphide. The compound of the invention can be used as a luminophore, in particular in cathodoluminescence.

Abstract: The invention provides media for absorption of phosphate and metal contaminants from a hydrocarbon stream and a method of making such media. The media comprise alumina with relatively minor amounts of calcia and magnesia and are made by a process in which the minor components or precursors of such components are dispersed in a gelled sol of a hydrated alumina such as boehmite.

Abstract: A sodium cyanide composition having a paste-like consistency is provided which comprises sodium cyanide, a base, water, and a rheology modifier. Also provided are processes for producing and using the composition. The composition can be used in applications that require sodium cyanide solution.

Abstract: An nickel hydroxide positive electrode active material which can be made by an ultrasonic precipitation method. The nickel hydroxide active material is characterized by the composition: ##EQU1## where x, the number of water ligands surrounding each Ni cation, is between 0.05 and 0.4 and y is the charge on the anions.

Abstract: A new method for improving the mechanical properties and nonlinear optical performance characteristics of gallium selenide crystals (GaSe) is disclosed. A charge of GaSe crystals was doped with indium before being made into a crystal. The indium-doped GaSe crystals have improved physical properties in that they can be cut along the cleave planes and the cleaved surfaces polished without the usual delaminations typically observed in prior art pure GaSe crystals. The indium-doped crystals were tested in a second harmonic generation (SHG) system and found to have nearly twice the SHG efficiency as pure, or undoped, GaSe crystals.

Abstract: Methods of making substantially phase-pure and thermally stable crystalline alumina compositions stabilized with an oxide of silicon, germanium, phosphorus, arsenic or a mixture thereof. Also provided are crystalline alumina compositions and catalyst supports made using these methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to electrically conductive pigments which as a conductive layer on a platelet-shaped or needle-shaped substrate have a niobium- and/or tantalum-doped tin oxide or titanium dioxide layer.

Abstract: An iron-doped lithium niobate single crystal having a molar fraction of Li.sub.2 O/(Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5 +Li.sub.2 O) of from 0.495 to 0.50 which is closer to the stoichiometrical composition than a usual congruent composition, and a high diffraction efficiency by a two light wave mixture.

Abstract: This invention provides a deodorant composition in a dispensing container which is pressurized with an aerosol propellant. The primary ingredients of a typical product are particulate sodium bicarbonate, ethanol, volatile silicone oil and a suspending agent such as hydrophobic hectorite clay. An invention aerosol deodorant product has a stable particulate sodium bicarbonate suspension phase, and exhibits excellent fluid evacuation properties with a relatively high content of ethanol and low content of aerosol propellant.

Abstract: Unique colorant compositions, well suited for the pigmentation of a wide variety of coatings and substrates, e.g., cosmetics, plastics, paints and rubbers, comprise (1) at least one crystalline rare earth metal sulfide or sesquisulfide, for example cubic cerium sesquisulfide Ce.sub.2 S.sub.3, and (2) a dopant amount of at least one alkali metal, and wherein the at least one rare earth metal sulfide or sesquisulfide comprises whole (unground) monocrystalline grains thereof having a mean particle size of at most 1.5 .mu.m.

Abstract: Composition and method of making bicaroate and bicaroate/dipersulfate mixtures which are stabilized, in dry form, with a coherent coating of sodium borosilicate. The borosilicate is formed in situ by the reaction of a sodium silicate and a sodium metaborate.

Abstract: A stable amorphous rare earth oxide, such as Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, including a stabilizer, such as carbon, silicon carbide, or hafnium oxide. The stable amorphous rare earth oxide can be used in a dielectric layer in a magneto-optical recording medium.