Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a method for the prophylaxis and treatment of parasitic infections in animals and birds. More particularly, the present invention contemplates a method for the prophylaxis and treatment of Plasmodium infection in mammals and the prophylaxis and treatment of disease conditions caused or exacerbated by Plasmodium. Even more particularly, the present invention is directed to a method for the prophylaxis and treatment of malaria including ameliorating the clinical effects of malaria and agents useful for same.

Abstract: Chemical compounds which release nitric oxide in a controlled manner upon photolysis with light are provided. These compounds are O2-benzyl, O2-naphthylmethyl and O2-naphthylallyl substituted diazeniumdiolates. Also provided are methods of preparing these novel compounds in high chemical yields as well as methods of using these compounds.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for plasma-chemical production of nitrogen monoxide is used to produce inhalation gas enriched with nitrogen monoxide for medical purposes. The nitrogen-monoxide production is achieved through the use of a dielectric barrier discharge created in a process gas containing nitrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: Methods for reducing, partially preventing or completely preventing nitric oxide (NO) inhalation-related impairment of HPV in a mammal are disclosed. The methods include administering a therapeutically effective amount of NO by inhalation, and co-administering an effective amount of an anti-reactive oxygen species (anti-ROS) agent, e.g., N-acetyl-cysteine, or a leukotriene blocker. Methods for reducing, partially preventing or completely preventing loss of pulmonary vasodilatory responsiveness to NO inhalation in a mammal are also disclosed. The methods include administering a therapeutically effective amount of NO by inhalation, and co-administering an effective amount of an anti-ROS agent a therapeutically effective amount of a leukotriene blocker.

Abstract: The chemical conversion film containing, at least as the constituent components thereof, (a) at least one of the metals selected from molybdenum, zirconium, vanadium, and tungsten; (b) a rare earth metal constituting the magnet; and (c) oxygen, which is formed on the surface of a rare earth metal-based permanent magnet according to the present invention, contains a composite metal oxide provided on the surface of the R-rich phase having a lower oxidation-reduction potential through a preferential reaction of the metallic ions that are present in the form of complex ions or oxide ions, such as of molybdenum, contained in the treatment solution, with the rare earth metals that elute from the magnet. Thus formed composite metal oxide reduces the difference in corrosion potential as to realize a uniform surface potential, and effectively suppresses the corrosion based on potential difference.

Abstract: An improvement in the conventional process for the production of caprolactam. The process involves: (a) reacting air with ammonia gas in an ammonia conversion zone to produce nitric oxide; (b) oxidizing a portion of the nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide to produce an NOx-rich process gas stream; (c) reacting the NOx-rich stream with ammonium carbonate in a nitriting zone to produce ammonium nitrite; (d) reducing the ammonium nitrite to hydroxylamine diammonium sulfate; (e) hydrolyzing the hydroxylamine diammonium sulfate to hydroxylamine sulfate; (f) oximating the hydroxylamine sulfate with cyclohexanone to produce cyclohexanone oxime; and (g) converting the cyclohexanone oxime to caprolactam. The process is improved by adding supplemental oxygen downstream of the ammonia conversion zone to increase the quantity and rate of formation of nitrogen dioxide in the NOx-rich process gas stream.

Abstract: A method for production of caprolactam. The method involves: (a) reacting air with ammonia gas in an ammonia conversion zone to produce nitric oxide; (b) oxidizing at least a portion of the nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide to produce an NOx-rich process gas stream; (c) reactively absorbing the NOx-rich gas stream with phosphoric acid containing solution in an absorption zone to form nitrate ions; (d) contacting the nitrate ions with air in a degassing zone to produce a nitrate-rich aqueous process stream; (e) reducing the nitrate-rich aqueous stream with hydrogen in the presence of phosphoric acid to produce hydroxylammonium phosphate; (f) oximating the hydroxylammonium phosphate with cyclohexanone to produce cyclohexanone oxime; and (g) converting the cyclohexanone oxime to caprolactam. According to the invention, supplemental oxygen is added downstream of the ammonia conversion zone to increase the quantity and rate of formation of nitrogen dioxide in the NOx-rich process gas stream.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided articles for use in non-invasive measurements of nitric oxide levels in a variety of fluid media, e.g., in mammalian body fluids. Articles according to the present invention comprise a nitric oxide trapping agent contained within a vessel, wherein the vessel comprises a semi-permeable membrane. Nitric oxide diffuses through the semi-permeable membrane and is trapped therein for subsequent quantitative analysis. Articles of the present invention are particularly useful in selectively detecting nitric oxide in the presence of other NOx species.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for plasma-chemical production of nitrogen monoxide is used to produce inhalation gas enriched with nitrogen monoxide for medical purposes. The nitrogen-monoxide production is achieved through the use of a dielectric barrier discharge created in a process gas containing nitrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for converting methane to higher order hydrocarbons. This method includes synthesizing ammonia from natural gas and nitrogen in the presence of a source of hydrogen. The ammonia is converted to nitrous oxide in the presence of a source of oxygen. Methane is coupled in the presence of the nitrous oxide to provide higher hydrocarbons. The invention also discloses a method of balancing reaction heat requirements in a process for converting methane to higher order hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process for preparing polyenecarbonyl compounds having a high all-E content and their acetals or ketals by aldol condensation or Horner-Emmons reaction comprises carrying out the reaction, for the purposes of the preferred formation of a double bond of E configuration and in order to maintain the E configuration of the double bonds in the stating compounds as completely as possible, in the presence of oxygen or an oxygen-inert gas mixture or nitric oxide or a nitric oxide-inert gas mixture and/or in the presence of specific stable radicals and/or in the presence of quinones or quinone derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the generation of NO gas by exposing zwitterionic polyamine-nitric oxide adducts of the formula RN?N(O)NO.sup.- !(CH.sub.2).sub.x NH.sub.2.sup.+ R', wherein R=C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 aminoalkyl, or cyclohexy, R'=hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, and x=2-6, to suitable conditions to effect the release of NO, such as by contact with a mildly acidic solvent or water of neutral or slightly alkaline pH.

Abstract: Nitric oxide is produced by reacting aqueous nitric acid with gaseous sulfur dioxide in a gas-liquid contact reactor. The reaction is conducted in the presence of a stoichiometric excess of nitric acid to minimize the production of byproduct nitrous oxide and nitrogen. The nitric oxide product gas is chilled sufficiently to freeze most of the water and byproduct nitrogen dioxide contained in the nitric oxide product gas. Residual nitrogen dioxide can be removed by adsorptive separation using an adsorbent which preferentially adsorbs nitrogen dioxide.

Abstract: A gas mixture comprised of nitric oxide and, optionally an inert gas, and containing small amounts of nitrogen dioxide, and perhaps moisture and sulfur dioxide, is purified by passing the gas stream through a bed of zeolite having a silica to alumina ratio not greater than about 200. The concentration of nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and moisture in the gas stream are reduced to about 1 ppm or less as the gas mixture passes through the bed of zeolite.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the chemiluminescent determination of NO/NO.sub.x in a sample gas is disclosed in which the NO.sub.x portion of the gas stream is catalytically converted in a preconditioned vitreous carbon bed at a relatively low temperature effective to catalytically convert NO.sub.x to NO and below 200.degree. C. The vitreous carbon is preconditioned by heating at a temperature of between 300.degree. C. and about 500.degree. C. for a sufficient period of time, on the order of two to five hours. The apparatus consists of a converter containing the preconditioned vitreous carbon in communication with a reaction cell consisting of a hollow cylindrical housing having an open end closed by an optical filter. A suitable photodetecter is disposed to detect light emitted through the optical filter. A chemiluminescent reaction between ozone and NO in the sample stream occurs in a reaction chamber defined by the interior of the housing. A reflector element may be disposed in the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A method for the denitration of exhaust gas from a gas turbine or an internal combustion engine which comprises (a) reducing a part of the NO.sub.2 constituting NO.sub.x contained in the exhaust gas to NO by means of a reduction catalyst bed for reducing NO.sub.2 to NO, the reduction catalyst bed being installed in flow communication with the exhaust gas outlet of the gas turbine or internal combustion engine, and (b) injecting NH.sub.3 into the exhaust gas within an exhaust heat recovery unit and then decomposing and removing NO.sub.x contained in the exhaust gas and now composed chiefly of NO, by means a denitration catalyst bed installed within the exhaust heat recovery unit to effect the catalytic reduction of NO.sub.x with NH.sub.3.

Abstract: A Process for the conversion of N.sub.2 O to NO by heating a gas stream containing N.sub.2 O by contact with a heated heat exchange surface to a temperature of about 400.degree. to 700 degrees C., and then heating the gas to a temperature of about 850 degrees C. while the gas is not in contact with a heated heat exchange surface, and spontaneously and decomposing the N.sub.2 O and recovering NO.

Abstract: Process for the thermochemical decomposition of dinitrogen oxide to products of general formula (I)NO.sub.x (I)x representing 1 or 2, wherein dinitrogen oxide is flame-treated, then the products of general formula (I) formed are recovered.

Abstract: A gas mixture comprised of nitric oxide and, optionally an inert gas, and containing small amounts of nitrogen dioxide, and perhaps moisture and sulfur dioxide, is purified by passing the gas stream through a bed of metal cation-free alumina-deficient zeolites of types Y or ZSM-5. The concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and moisture in the gas stream are reduced to about 1 ppm or less as the gas mixture passes through the bed of zeolite.

Abstract: Chemical derivatives of nitric oxide are provided which are stable indefinitely in oxygen-containing solutions until photolysis, whereupon they release NO. These compounds have the general formulaA--N.sup.+ (O.sup.-)=N--O--B (I)wherein A is typically a nitrogen- or oxygen-containing substituent and B is a group lablie to photolysis. The compounds are stable and inert in oxygenated aqueous solutions, but release NO upon illumination. Given the ease with which the intensity, timing and location of illumination may be controlled, these compounds are particularly useful in investigating the biological effects of NO with much higher spatial or temporal resolution than heretofore possible.

Abstract: An energetic compound having the structural formulaO--O--N--Nis disclosed. Routes for synthesizing the compound involving the reaction of oxygen atoms in the [.sup.1 D] electronic state with N.sub.2 O are also disclosed. The energetic compound is particularly useful as an oxidant in chemical propulsion systems.

Abstract: Novel sorbents comprising (a) an alumina substrate having a pore volume between 0.4 and 0.8 cc/g, and (b) an alkali or alkaline earth component, for example, sodium carbonate, wherein the amount of the alkali or alkaline earth component is between 50 and 400 .mu.g per m.sup.2 of the substrate. The sorbents of the present invention are outstandingly effective for the removal of nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and hydrogen sulfide from waste gas streams.

Abstract: A system for producing nitrogen fertilizer using an electric arc process is described in which the electric arc necessary for the process is generated by piezoelectric elements actuated by a hammer mechanism powered by water pressure such as from a garden hose. The nitrogen oxides produced by the arc discharge are drawn into the water to serve as a source of nitrogen fertilizer. The net result of the invention is that the operator can provide nitrogen fertilizer as he supplies water to the same area. The only inputs to this system are air and a source of water under pressure.

Abstract: The fixation of nitrogen by electric arc process is made more efficient by this system which combines a low frequency electric discharge and a catalyst in such a way that an electric arc is formed entirely within a catalyst bed when the reactant gases to be reacted by the arc are admitted to the interior of the catalyst bed and form a cavity there as they expand outward, the bubble-like cavity formed within the mass of catalytic particles thereby providing a type of arc chamber from which plasma state gas particles immediately contact the catalyst particles as the plasma state, gas particles are thrust outwards from the arc zone. After the reactant gases react on catalyst particles, the outward pressure moves the product gases farther through the catalyst bed where the products are then shielded from destructive ultraviolet light from the arc.

Abstract: Mixtures of reactant gases containing nitrogen ar reacted by being raised to very high temperatures at the focal plane of a solar concentrator when radiant energy is absorbed by a metal screen or other porous material in contact with the reactants at the focal plane of a solar concentrator and the resulting products of combined nitrogen are rapidly cooled in a unique heat transfer unit which rapidly transfers the heat of the product gases to the reactant gases and the rapid cooling of the product fixes the high temperature equilibrium proportions to achieve larger proportions of product than would be possible by gradual cooling.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing nitrogen oxides from aqueous waste cellulose pulp liquors containing nitrogen compounds including oxygen linked to nitrogen in the molecule, which includes initiating an autocatalytic reaction generating nitrogen oxide in a liquid phase comprising aqueous waste cellulose pulp liquor containing nitrogen compounds including oxygen linked to nitrogen in the molecule at a temperature within the range from about 40.degree. to about 180.degree. C. and at an acid pH within the range from about 0 to about 5 in the presence of nitrate ion NO.sub.3.sup.- in a concentration calculated as nitrogen within the range from about 0.2 to about 5 grams moles per kilogram of water and of lignin in a weight ratio lignin:water within the range from about 0.001:1 to about 1:1; and then continuing the autocatalytic reaction while maintaining a gas phase in contact with the liquid phase having a partial pressure of nitrogen oxide within the range from about 0.

Abstract: The invention relates to the compression of a gaseous stream 1. The stream 1 is cooled by a liquid 15 that evaporates at least partially in the gaseous stream. The injected liquid has a composition different from that of the gas to be compressed, and is a component employed in the process in which compression is required and conducted. Alternatively, the liquid is selected from the starting materials to be employed in the process.

Abstract: There is proposed as a plasma-producing gas, a gas containing the elements nitrogen and oxygen chemically combined in a nitrogen oxide and in particular nitrous oxide. These plasma-producing gases or mixture of gases stored in a bottle, a frame, a container, a tank, in the gaseous or liquid form at ambient or cryogenic temperature, are applicable to the plasma arc cutting of electrically conductive materials.

Abstract: A system and a method of nitrogen fixation is disclosed in which nitrogen and other gases such as oxygen are electrically activated and reacted on a catalyst-like material to provide a fixed nitrogen product in such a way that the reactant gases are first placed into an excited state by a single electrode electric discharge acting on a gas stream and then by means of the stream the reactants are contacted on the catalyst-like material on which they are then combined and the product compounds which are thereby formed are shielded by the same catalytic material from ultra violet radiation generated by the electric excitation, said shielding being to prevent subsequent disassociation of the product compounds, and the gas stream emerging on the downstream side of the catalyst carries the products to an absorption bed on which they are absorbed and concentrated and then reacted with a periodic flow of hydrogen to provide ammonia.

Abstract: Nitric oxide is prepared by the oxidation of ammonia produced by the Haber-Bosch synthesis technique by (a) vaporizing and heating water to superheated steam; (b) electrolyzing the superheated steam in a high temperature electrolysis cell to oxygen and hydrogen; (c) reacting said hydrogen with atmospheric nitrogen thereby forming ammonia by the Haber-Bosch process; and (d) oxidizing said ammonia to nitric oxide and water vapor in the anode of said electrolytic cell with the oxygen produced by said electrolysis.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for achieving nitrogen fixation includes a volumetric electric discharge chamber. The volumetric discharge chamber provides an even distribution of an electron beam, and enables the chamber to be maintained at a controlled energy to pressure (E/p) ratio. An E/p ratio of from 5 to 15 kV/atm of O.sub.2 /cm promotes the formation of vibrationally excited N.sub.2. Atomic oxygen interacts with vibrationally excited N.sub.2 at a much quicker rate than unexcited N.sub.2, greatly improving the rate at which NO is formed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of nitric oxides, which can be used for the production of nitric acid and for the production of fertilizers based on these, which process for the production of nitric oxides comprises establishing an electrical discharge, passing through the discharge a mixture comprising air and nitric oxide as seeding material, and recovering the produced nitric oxides. The invention further relates to a mobile and easily transportable system for effecting such process, which comprises at least one discharge device, means for supplying air to said discharge, means for supplying electricity and means for introducing nitric oxide as seeding material into the discharge zone.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reconditioning waste solutions of the nuclear ustry which contain ammonium nitrate. The waste solution is continuously sprayed from above into a 300.degree. to 600.degree. C. hot zone, from the lower end of which the decomposition products are withdrawn and are separated into condensate and exhaust gas. The NO content is reduced by adding oxygen, especially at the exit of the decomposition zone. By the presence of reducing agents, such as CO(NH.sub.2).sub.2 or preferably NH.sub.3, in the solution to be sprayed, the NO.sub.2 content of the decomposition products and the NH.sub.4 NO.sub.3 residue in the condensate can be practically eliminated and an additional precipitation in the condensate which can be filtered off can be obtained. Optimal contents are 0.25-0.4 Mol NH.sub.3 and 0.15-0.25 Mol CO(NH.sub.2).sub.2 per Mol NH.sub.4 NO.sub.3.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of nitrogen oxides (NO and NO.sub.2) by the reaction of nitrogen and oxygen in a plasma furnace.According to this process, a plasma of oxygen and nitrogen is introduced into the reaction chamber of the plasma furnace, whereof the internal surface of the walls is covered with a catalyst chosen from tungsten trioxide (WO.sub.3) and molybdenum trioxide (MoO.sub.3).

Abstract: N-nitrosamines are reacted with a denitrosating agent to cleave the N--NO bond and yield nitric oxide which may be analyzed to determine both qualitatively and quantitatively, the N-nitrosamine content of a test sample. The denitrosating reagent has the advantage of being useful, even in the presence of substantial amounts of water, and comprises a mixture of glacial acetic acid and a concentrated inorganic acid which is either phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid. The volume ratio of glacial acetic to concentrated acid is within the ratio of from 1:2 to 5:1. This acid component mixture is combined with from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of soluble inorganic bromide or iodide salt.

Abstract: A reducer for the quantitative reduction of NO.sub.2 to NO in gas mixtures. The reducer comprises two compartments of which one is filled with a granular preparation consisting of ferrosulphate and an acid alkalisulphate and the second comprises a granular preparation consisting of ferrosulphate and a strong acid. The preparation is preferably provided on the surface of granular inert carrier material, for example pumice.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for enhancing fertilizing characteristics of irrigation water by adding carbon dioxide and nitrogenous compounds, derived from exhaust gases, to irrigation water so as to produce a fertilizing solution which promotes crop growth. The method comprises scrubbing exhaust gases derived from a natural gas, liquified petroleum or diesel engines by utilizing direct contact with water and thereafter injecting the treated enriched water into a standard supply of irrigation water. The engine is operated so as to provide the greatest amount of carbon dioxide, and (NO.sub.x) nitrogen oxides practical.

Abstract: A catalytic converter comprises a block having a bore receiving a tube coaxially, the tube being suspended in the bore by a fitting threaded into one end of the bore and being spaced from the wall of the bore so that a gas may flow along the exterior of the tube and then through the interior of the tube. For converting nitrogen dioxide to nitric oxide, the tube contains copper granules held in place by plugs of copper turnings. Temperature control and regulation are also provided.

Abstract: A process for the selective oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide in the presence of elemental nitrogen with minimal oxidation thereof, which comprises combining the ammonia with a predetermined amount of oxygen containing gas to give at least 1% stoichiometric excess of oxygen for the oxidation of the ammonia to nitric oxide; and passing the resulting mixture over a ceramic catalyst of the following empirical formula at an elevated temperature:W.sub.k X.sub.n J.sub.(1-k-n) ZO.sub.(3.+-.m)whereinW is Zirconium, Tin or Thorium or mixtures thereof;X is an alkaline earth metal or mixture thereof;J is Scandium, Yttrium, a rare-earth element or mixture thereof;Z is a metal of the first transition series or a mixture thereof, at least 0.01% of said metal having an oxidation state other than +3;k is a number having a value between 0 and about 0.1;m is a number having a value of from 0 to about 0.26; andn is a number having a value from 0 to about 0.

Abstract: A process for converting nitrogen dioxide into nitrogen monoxide which comprises bringing a gas containing nitrogen dioxide into contact at a temperature ranging from 50.degree. C. to 400.degree. C. with a carbide of a metal selected from the group consisting of chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, titanium, tantalum, silicon and boron or a composite carbide of such metals, thereby reducing nitrogen dioxide contained in the gas to nitrogen monoxide.

Abstract: A process and structure are described for fixing atmospheric nitrogen to oxygen to produce oxides of nitrogen. Energy required for the conversion process is drawn from radiations produced by radioactive wastes from nuclear reactors. Preferably, two complementary stages are employed in the conversion process. First, waste heat from spent fuel rods is employed as a heat source for producing nitrogen oxides. Second, radioactive waste materials chemically separated from spent reactor fuel rods are employed in a second stage as an ionization source for producing nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: Chlorine or bromine are produced from the respective hydrogen halide in a reaction system, wherein a stoichiometric excess of active nitrogen is maintained within the reaction system over the amount of hydrogen halide in the system. Preferably the reaction system is a single tower wherein sulfuric acid is introduced to the top of the tower where it absorbs the active nitrogen while conditions are so set that at the bottom of the tower the gases, introduced there, strip the active nitrogen away from the acid. It is a further characteristic of the process, that the nitrogen compounds stripped at the bottom, are mainly stripped as a mixture of nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide. A major portion of the nitrogen monoxide stripped, is oxidized with the oxygen, present in the gases fed in the bottom, to form nitrogen dioxide. If hydrogen halide is fed in the bottom, it will also strip nitrogen compounds, but mostly in the form of nitrosyl-halide.

Abstract: The deposition of an aromatic diazonium nitrate on the walls of a pipeline through which is conducted a residual gas produced in the diazotization of a primary aromatic monoamine is prevented by heating the walls of the pipeline, limiting the residence time of the gas in the pipeline, or providing for the absence of nitrogen dioxide in the gas. Nitrogen dioxide can form in the pipeline when nitric oxide and molecular oxygen are present, but the deposition of the diazonium nitrate, formed from the nitrogen dioxide via a reaction with the monoamine, is prevented by the hot pipeline walls and/or short residence time.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for home production and application of fixed nitrogen fertilizer uses an arc discharge process to ionize nitrogen and oxygen and form nitrogen oxides. These nitrogen oxides are injected into water supplied by a garden hose to a yard or garden. The device is compact, economical and requires no raw materials except air to produce the fixed nitrogen. The device may operate on ordinary 60 cycles, 110 volt power.

Abstract: Method of reducing NO.sub.2 to NO with a granular mixture of ferrous sulfate and an alkaline hydrogen sulfate in a molar ratio of 3:1 to 1:1.

Abstract: A copper catalyst maintained in the temperature range of 220.degree. to 240.degree.C. is employed to convert nitrogen dioxide to nitric oxide, as in the measurement of oxides of nitrogen by chemiluminescent techniques. The converter comprises a body having a bore receiving a copper tube coaxially, the tube being spaced from the wall of the bore so that a gas containing nitrogen dioxide may flow along the exterior of the tube and then through the interior of the tube, which contains copper granules held in place by plugs of copper turnings. The temperature of the body is maintained by heater tape wound about the body, and the body is enclosed within an insulated container.

Abstract: A mixture of ferrous sulphate and alkali metal acid sulphate used in a reducer employed for converting NO.sub.2 to NO in an apparatus for determining the nitrogen oxide content of air by means of the measurement of the reaction of ozone and NO.