Abstract: The invention relates to methods for the hydrogenation of nitrogen by reducing a N?N bond in a metal complex comprising a N?N bond by reacting the metal complex with a Lewis acid, wherein the metal complex comprises Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd or Pt.

Abstract: Methods for preparing capsules, such as micro- and/or nanocapsules from all-aqueous emulsions are described herein. The method includes mixing, combining, or contacting a first electrically charged phase containing a first solute with at least an optionally charged second phase containing a second solute. The solutes are incompatible with each other. The electrostatic forces between the two solutions induce the formation of droplets of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase. The droplets are then solidified to form the capsules.

Abstract: A process for the production of concentrated aqueous solutions of hydrazine hydrate includes preparation of hydrazine hydrate by a ketazine method using 50-70% hydrogen peroxide, recyclable solid acetamide and ammonium acetate activator for ketazine formation, and catalyst-free hydrolysis of ketazine to provide aqueous solutions of hydrazine hydrate in an energy efficient manner.

Abstract: A method and chemical delivery system and device are provided. One method includes contacting a non-aqueous hydrazine solution with a carrier gas and/or vacuum and delivering a gas stream comprising hydrazine to a critical process or application. One chemical delivery system and device includes a non-aqueous hydrazine solution having a vapor phase that is in contact with a carrier gas and/or vacuum. One device includes a chamber for containing a liquid comprising at least one volatile process chemical, such as a non-aqueous hydrazine solution, a hydrogen peroxide solution, or another suitable process chemical, and a head space from which the volatile can be drawn using a carrier gas and/or vacuum. Another method useful in the present invention involves drawing a process chemical from a device as a disclosed herein using a carrier or vacuum and delivering the process chemical to a critical process or application.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods, systems, and devices for the vapor phase delivery of high purity process gases to a critical process or application.

Abstract: This invention relates to molecular catalysts and chemical reactions utilizing the same, and particularly to catalysts and catalytic methods for reduction of molecular nitrogen. The molecular catalytic platform provided herein is capable of the facile reduction of molecular nitrogen under useful conditions such as room temperature or less and atmospheric pressure or less.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for reducing or eliminating the amount of hydrazine from a hydroxylamine-free base containing hydrazine by treating said hydroxylamine-free base with a scavenger agent, and to the hydroxylamine-free base thereby obtained, as well as to its use for producing microdispersions containing a hydroxamated polymer for use as a flocculant in the Bayer process.

Abstract: Fenton and Fenton-like system enhancing agent and the usage thereof are provided. It relates to a water treatment enhancer (enhancing agent) and the usage thereof. It widens water pH range of Fenton and Fenton-like system reaction. It reduces amount of Fe2+ required for Fenton reaction. It increases rate of Fenton-like reaction. The enhancing agent is selected from sodium sulfite, lithium sulfite, potassium sulfite, magnesium sulfite, calcium sulfite, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, hydroxylamine perchlorate, hydroxylamine sulfate, hydrazine, N,N-diethylhydroxylamine, amino ethanolamine, hydroxylamine solution or N,N,N?,N?-tetrasubstituted p-phenylenediamine. The method of use of enhancing agent comprises the steps of: adding Fenton or Fenton-like system enhancing agent, an agent for enhancement and hydrogen peroxide into water subject to treatment; and mixing and allowing reaction. The enhancing agent can increase the rate of reaction for the water treatment and reduce the dosage of the agent for enhancement.

Abstract: A hydrazine-fixing group such as a ketone group, a formyl group, a chlormethyl group or an amide group, which is capable of releasably fixing hydrazine, is introduced into a side chain of a synthetic resin, and hydrazine is fixed to the hydrazine-fixing group. Since a hydrazine storage resin of the present invention has a hydrazine-releasable group capable of releasing hydrazine, it is able to store hydrazine stably. In addition, hydrazine can be supplied by releasing hydrazine from the hydrazine-releasable group. Consequently, the hydrazine storage resin can be widely used in various industrial fields requiring supply of hydrazine.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing a reactant comprises a reactant space and a reservoir space. The reactant space comprises a chemical complex capable of evolving the reactant when heated. The reservoir space, in turn, is in gas communication with the reactant space. The apparatus is operative to heat the chemical complex when a pressure of the reactant in the reservoir space is below a predetermined set-point, and to cool the chemical complex when the pressure of the reactant in the reservoir space is above the predetermined set-point.

Abstract: A novel method of conjugating chelators to biomolecules such as proteins is provided. More particularly, the invention provides compositions and methods of using those compositions for the detection, purification and transport of divalent metal cation binding biomolecules.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds which inhibit serine protease activity of matriptase or MTSP1. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising those compounds and methods of using the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions to treat conditions ameliorated by inhibition of matriptase or MTSP1.

Abstract: Two methods and apparatuses are described for hydrazine synthesis through nitrogen fixation induced by photoexcitation of N2. Both methods of photoexcitation of N2 for hydrazine synthesis involve a two-photon absorption process. The first method of N2 fixation with H2 uses a high-energy short-pulsed Nd: YAG laser with wavelength of 1.06 ?m. The two-photon absorption of N2 is followed by a vibrational-vibrational (V—V) energy transfer that leads to a near-complete population inversion of N2 vibrational states. The energy separation of these states is larger than the activation energy needed for N2H4 formation. The second method of N2 fixation with H2O uses a high-energy short-pulsed blue laser with wavelength of 0.4 ?m. The two-photon absorption at 0.4 ?m pumps N2 to a highly excited vibrational state, which has enough energy to both dissociate H2O into H2 and O2, and to react with H2 to form N2H4 as in the above direct method of N2 fixation with H2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing anhydrous hydrazine. The process can include distilling an unconcentrated aqueous hydrazine solution into a starting binary solution, distilling the starting binary solution at a pressure where a concentration of hydrazine in the binary solution is greater than a concentration of an azeotrope at the distillation pressure, and recovering the anhydrous hydrazine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for manufacturing hydrazine by hydrolyzing an azine, in which the heat required for the reaction and the separation by distillation of the components is partly provided by injecting vaporized water.

Abstract: Azines, e.g., ketazines, are continuously produced by (i) establishing a loop having an azine reaction medium circulating therein, such loop including an azine reaction zone, means for separating azine final product from the circulating reaction medium, means for heating the reaction medium and for purging water therefrom, and means for recycling heated and purged reaction medium to the azine reaction zone, (ii) introducing hydrogen peroxide, ammonia and a carbonyl compound into the circulating reaction medium in the azine reaction zone, (iii) withdrawing azine final product thus formed from the circulating reaction medium. downstream of the azine reaction zone, (iii) thereafter purging water from the circulating reaction medium to maintain the volume thereof essentially constant, (iv) heating the circulating reaction medium to a temperature of at least 130° C.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for preparing methyl ethyl ketone azine which consists in: (a) reacting ammonia, hydrogen peroxide and methyl ethyl ketone in the presence of a working solution to form an azine; (b) separating the working solution and the azine possibly containing methyl ethyl ketone which has not reacted and butanol-2; (c) recycling the working solution to step (a) after optional treatment; (d) separating the methyl ethyl ketone and the butanol-2 from the azine. The butanol-2 of the flow in step (d) is either purged or dehydrogenated in MEK and recycled at step (a).

Abstract: Process for the preparation of azine and of hydrazine by bringing ammonia, hydrogen peroxide and a reactant carrying a carbonyl group into contact with a working solution, comprising: the treatment of an aqueous stream resulting from the circuit for the regeneration of the said working solution with an amount of acid such that the pH of the said stream is brought to a value of less than 6.4, then the recycling of the said stream in the reactor for the synthesis of the azine.

Abstract: Two or more hydrophilic polymers that are not soluble in each other at a particular concentration and temperature, but which have a positive spreading coefficient in solution, are used to form multi-layered polymeric microspheres. The multi-layer microspheres produced by the method are distinguished by extremely uniform dimensioned polymer layers and actual incorporation of a substance to be delivered into the polymer layers. In the preferred embodiment of the method, two polymers are dissolved in an aqueous solvent, the substance to be incorporated is dispersed or dissolved in the polymer solution, the mixture is suspended in an organic solvent or polymer/water mixture and stirred, and the solvent is slowly evaporated, creating microspheres with an inner core formed by one polymer and an outer layer formed by the second polymer.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for making hydrazine hydrate which consists in hydrolyzing methyl ethyl ketone azine to obtain hydrazine hydrate and methyl ethyl ketone, characterised in that it consists in purging heterocyclic compounds of the pyrazoline family to prevent coloration of the hydrazine hydrate.

Abstract: A method for preparing hydrazine hydrate comprising: (a) reacting ammonia, hydrogen peroxide and methyl ethyl ketone in a working solution to form an azine; (b) separating the working solution from a mixture comprising the azine, methyl ethyl ketone oxime and optionally the methyl ethyl ketone which had not reacted; (c) recycling the working solution to step (a) after an optional treatment; (d) hydrolyzing the azine to obtain hydrazine hydrate and regenerating the methyl ethyl ketone; (e) recycling to step (a) the methyl ethyl ketone. In step (d) the methyl ethyl ketone oxime is purged.

Abstract: A process for continuously and stably synthesizing a ketazine from hydrogen peroxide, ammonia and methyl ethyl ketone in the presence of a solution containing a catalyst. The process comprises removing sec-butyl alcohol by distillation from methyl ethyl ketone, which is reused by circulation. Also a process for preparing a hydrazine hydrate which comprises hydrolyzing the ketazine. By circulating unreacted ketone, accumulation of impurities in the circulated ketone can be prevented to obtain a high yield of the ketazine and the hydrazine hydrate, for a long period of time.

Abstract: A powerful reducing agent such as hydrazine monohydrate is added to the standard eluent solutions such as NsOH-NaCN with or without alcohol. The kinetics of elution of gold or of silver are thus markedly enhanced.

Abstract: A preparation process of hydrazine hydrate is herein disclosed which comprises the step of hydrolyzing a ketazine in a distillation column to obtain hydrazine hydrate, a nonionic surface active agent having a polyoxyethylene group in its molecule and/or silicon dioxide being present in the distillation column.According to this process, in the hydrolytic distillation of the ketazine, flooding can be inhibited and thus a stable operation can be accomplished. As a result, hydrazine hydrate can economically advantageously be prepared.

Abstract: A process for the removal of organic impurities and dissolved salts from hydrazine hydrate and aqueous solutions thereof by distillation of the hydrazine hydrate under reduced pressure, passing the hydrazine hydrate vapor through an adsorbent, and condensing the vapor.

Abstract: Solutions of hydrazine hydrate are vaporized, without any concomitant decomposition thereof, by heating such solutions, in the liquid phase, under conditions as to effect the decompression or volatilization thereof; this process is particularly applicable for the vaporization of that hydrazine hydrate solution contained in the reboiler of a column wherein the hydrolysis of an azine R.sub.1 R.sub.2 C.dbd.N-N.dbd.CR.sub.1 R.sub.2 is carried out, with recovery of hydrazine hydrate at the base of the column and of a ketone, R.sub.1 R.sub.2 C.dbd.O, at the column head.

Abstract: Azines, well suited for hydrolysis into hydrazine, are prepared in high yields by reacting ammonia, aqueous hydrogen peroxide and a carbonyl compound reactant in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a catalyst medium therefor, i.e., an aqueous solution of ammonium acetate and acetamide or of acetamide and acetic acid, but in the absence of CO.sub.2.

Abstract: To make and use nitrogeneous fertilizer on a farm, nitrogen oxides are prepared in a continuous process from air or from ammonia in a reactor, with the ammonia either being transported to the farm or local site in a farming area or being prepared on the site in a continuous process from water and air. The nitrogen oxides are mixed with a continuous flow of water to form a solution of nitric acid, which may be applied to the field through the irrigation system as top dressing or mixed within the system with ammonium or other cations to form ammonium nitrate or other desired nitrogen solutions for application to the fields in a continuous process or concentrated without requiring storage of large amounts of gas or creating heat exchange problems in the manufacturing process.

Abstract: A process for producing hydrazine containing at least 98 percent by weight of N.sub.2 H.sub.4 which admixes an aqueous solution of hydrazine with an alkali metal hydroxide to form a hydrazine solution having a N.sub.2 H.sub.4 concentration of at least 70 percent by weight. The molar ratio of alkali metal hydroxide to water is less than about 0.5:1. The concentrated hydrazine solution is distilled in a fractional distillation apparatus at an overhead vapor temperature below about 50.degree. C. and at a pressure of less than about 60 mm Hg.

Abstract: A clathrate compound is produced if a powdery host compound which reacts with a microbicide to form the clathrate compound is added into an aqueous solution of the microbicide. If the microbicide is separated from the clathrate compound, a microbicide of high purity can be obtained.

Abstract: A clathrate compound is produced if a powdery host compound which reacts with a microbicide to form the clathrate compound is added into an aqueous solution of the microbicide. If the microbicide is separated from the clathrate compound, a microbicide of high purity can be obtained.

Abstract: Provided by this invention is a process for producing a purified hydrazine hydrate having a low total organic carbon concentration and which involves:a first step which includes distilling an aqueous solution of hydrazine hydrate in the presence of at least one salt selected from the group consisting of chloride, sulfate, phosphate and carbonate of (a) the metals of Group Ia and IIa of the Periodic Table of the Elements, (b) ammonium or (c) hydrazinium to concentrate the aqueous solution of hydrazine hydrate by distilling water and the majority of the total organic carbon constituents off and separating the resultant concentrate as a bottom product, anda second step which includes distilling the resultant concentrate to recover a purified aqueous solution of hydrazine hydrate as a top product and separating an aqueous solution of the above salt as a bottom product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to high performance ceramics and methods for their production using supercritical temperatures and supercritical pressures. Furthermore, the present invention relates to high performance ceramics for use in the automobile industry.

Abstract: Disclosed is making a particular inorganic crystalline vanadium III oxidic compound from a pentavalent vanadium compound and at least one other or more metal cations, which process comprises (1) reducing a pentavalent vanadium oxidic compound to the V.sup.III state by heating at 100.degree. C. or less an aqueous medium slurry or solution of said pentavalent compound containing a reducing agent selected from hydrazine and hydrocarbylhydrazine, (2) providing in said aqueous medium, either before, during or after said reducing step, said other metal cation(s) in solution in the ratio called for by said particular crystalline compound, (3) removing the liquid aqueous medium, and (4) calcining the resulting dry solid at a temperature in the range from 400.degree. to 800.degree. C. in an inert atmosphere.Also disclosed is the vapor phase catalytic dehydrogenation of paraffins using certain spinels and perovskites as catalysts.

Abstract: Ultrapure or anhydrous hydrazine is produced in a process which comprises distilling aqueous solutions of hydrazine having at least 70 percent by weight of N.sub.2 H.sub.4 at pressures below about 20 millimeters. Aqueous solutions of hydrazine are dehydrated with solid inorganic compounds such as alkali metal hydroxides which are essentially carbon-free. The concentrated hydrazine solution is then distilled at reduced pressures and temperatures which minimize the hazardous conditions present when using processes of the prior art. Monopropellant hydrazine suitable for use in spacecraft engines can be produced having a N.sub.2 H.sub.4 concentration of at least 99.5 percent and less than 5 parts per million of volatile carbonaceous materials.

Abstract: Disclosed is making an inorganic crystalline vanadium III oxidic compound from a pentavalent vanadium compound, which process comprises (1) reducing a pentavalent vanadium oxidic compound to substantially the V.sup.III state by heating at 100.degree. C. or less an aqueous medium slurry or solution of said pentavalent compound containing a reducing agent selected from hydrazine and hydrocarbylhydrazine, (2) providing in said aqueous medium, either before, during or after said reducing step, other metal cations in solution in the ratio called for by the desired crystalline compound, (3) removing the liquid aqueous medium, and (4) calcining the resulting dry solid at a temperature in the range from 400.degree. to 800.degree. C. in an inert atmosphere.Also disclosed is the vapor phase catalytic dehydrogenation of paraffins using certain spinels and perovskites as catalysts.

Abstract: A continuous method for the preparation of concentrated aqueous solutions of hydrazine hydrate from ketazines which are slightly soluble in water, by hydrolysis and distillation under pressure using a distillation column. The column is fed with the ketazine or ketazines and water wherein the water/azine molar ratio ranges between 5 and 7.75.

Abstract: A continuous method for the preparation of concentrated aqueous solutions of hydrazine hydrate from concentrated aqueous solutions of acetone azine by a hydrolysis reaction and distillation under pressure in a column. The concentration of the aqueous solution of acetone azine is such that the water/azine molar ratio ranges between 3 and 7.

Abstract: The invention concerns the purification of impure aqueous hydrazine hydrate solutions by treating the hydrazine hydrate solution by means of a solid absorbent material consisting of microporous particles whose mean granulometry is smaller than 5 mm.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of carrying out a mobile atom insertion reaction, such as a hydrogen insertion reaction, for the synthesis of reduced, hydrogenated compounds. Such reactions include the production of ammonia and hydrazine from nitrogen, formic acid and methanol from carbon dioxide, and hydrogen peroxide from oxygen. The insertion reactions are carried out at a bipolar mobile atom transmissive membrane comprising a membrane formed of a mobile atom pump material, as a hydrogen pump material, conductive atom transmissive means on one surface of the membrane and conductive atom transmissive means on the opposite surface of the membrane. The mobile atom, such as hydrogen, diffuses across the membrane, to provide a source of hydrogen on the insertion reaction side of the membrane. The insertion reaction side of the membrane is positively biased with respect to a counterelectrode so that a reactant molecule, such as carbon dioxide, is electrosorbed on that surface of the membrane.

Abstract: The method for improving the initial activity of activated hydrazine is used as corrosion protection for reservoir drinking water and for the wet preservation of installation parts no longer in use. It is the object of the invention to increase the initial activity of hydrazine solutions, activated with complexes of trivalent cobalt, with respect to oxygen dissolved in water, and to develop a suitable method for the activator-rich hydrazine solution. The object is accomplished in that trivalent phenols, preferably pyrogallol, are added in small amounts to the activator-rich hydrazine solution.

Abstract: The method for improving the initial activity of activated hydrazine, is used as corrosion protection for reservoir drinking water and for the wet preservation of installation parts, which are no longer being used. It is the goal of the invention to improve the initial activity of hydrazine solutions, which are activated with complexes of trivalent cobalt, with respect to oxygen dissolved in water, and to lower the activator concentration; the object of the invention being to use a suitable coactivator. The object is accomplished in that the activator-rich hydrazine solution additionally contains 2-amino-4-nitrophenol or 2-acetamino-4-nitrophenol or mixtures thereof as coactivator.

Abstract: To make non-pressure nitrogenous fertilizer solutions, nitrogen oxides are prepared in a continuous process by burning ammonia in contact with a cobalt oxide catalyst started by an electric arc without preheating the gases. This burning forms nitrogen oxides which are reacted under negative pressure in a two-stage system. Nitric acid is formed in the first stage from a portion of the oxides by oxidizing them to nitrogen dioxide and reacting the nitrogen dioxide with water. In the second stage, the remaining nitrogen oxides are reacted at a pH between 8.0 and 8.4 in a gas-liquid contacting apparatus with an ammonium hydroxide reaction liquid, formed by mixing ammonia and water. The ammonium nitrite solution formed in the second stage is mixed with the nitric acid at a pH below 0.2, resulting in a solution of acidic ammonium nitrate to be flowed to the fields with irrigation water.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved oxygen-scavenging and corrosion-inhibiting agent for fluidic systems comprising a hydroquinone compound with hydrazine (1:1 molar ratio). Also disclosed are methods for using this agent.

Abstract: To make non-pressure nitrogenous fertilizer solutions, nitrogen oxides are prepared in a continuous process by burning ammonia in contact with a cobalt oxide catalyst started by an electric arc without pre-heating the gases. This burning forms nitrogen oxides which are reacted under negative pressure in a two-stage system. Nitric acid is formed in the first stage from a portion of the oxides by oxidizing them to nitrogen dioxide and reacting the nitrogen dioxide with water. In the second stage, the remaining nitrogen oxides are reacted at a pH between 8.0 and 8.4 in a gas-liquid contacting apparatus with an ammonium hydroxide reaction liquid, formed by mixing ammonia and water. The ammonium nitrite solution formed in the second stage is mixed with the nitric acid at a pH below 0.2, resulting in a solution of acidic ammonium nitrate to be flowed to the fields with irrigation water.

Abstract: Anhydrous hydrazine and hydrocarbyl-substituted hydrazines are efficiently prepared according to a three-step procedure, comprising a first step wherein ammonia, a primary or secondary amine, an alkali metal amide, an alkaline earth metal amide, a hydrocarbyl-substituted alkali metal amide or a hydrocarbyl-substituted alkaline earth metal amide is reacted with a chlorinating agent to produce the corresponding chloramine without co-production of an amine hydrochloride salt; a second step wherein the chloramine is reacted with a tertiary amine to produce a tertiary hydrazinium chloride; and a final step wherein the tertiary hydrazinium chloride is reacted with an alkali metal amide or an alkaline earth metal amide under anhydrous conditions to produce the desired product.

Abstract: Crystalline lithium nitride of increased conductivity having a hydrogen content of 0.2 to about 8 mole percent, a sodium, potassium and calcium content each of less than 10.sup.-2 weight percent and a silicon and iron content each between 10.sup.-2 to 10.sup.-3 weight percent, the metallic lithium from which said crystalline lithium was prepared having been of at least 99.9 weight percent purity.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing anhydrous hydrazines by reacting a tertiary hydrazinium halide with a corresponding alkali metal or alkaline earth metal amide in the presence of a non-aqueous inert carrier.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing hydrazine and hydrogen peroxide employing water, hydrogen, and nitrogen as reactants.

Abstract: Solar energy (called exergy to the extent it is thermodynamically useful) is focussed by an inflated, buyont reflector for heating lithium circulating through an MHD conversion system. Hydrogen and nitrogen are added to the heated lithium, finely divided iron serving as catalyst to obtain lithium amid. The hydrogen has been produced by electrolysis of water. The lithium-lithium amid mixture (liquid) is mixed with pressurized nitrogen to obtain a two phase flow in which the liquid is accelerated; focussed into a jet passing through the MHD converter to obtain hydrazine and additional electrical energy e.g. for the hydrogen electrolysis; and returned to the solar heater. The gas (N.sub.2) is separated; subjected to recuperative heat exchange with itself; and low temperature isothermic compression under direct contact with a liquid which in turn is, ultimately, air cooled. The entire assembly is of elongated construction wherein the main active elements are arranged along a center axis e.g.