Abstract: A method for recovery of gold from gold-containing materials, such as electronic waste material, minerals and sands is described. The method includes crushing the gold containing material to obtain a particulate material. The particulate material is then preheated in an oxygen-containing gas environment in a preheating zone. The method also includes mixing the oxidized particulate material with a chlorine-containing material and treating the mixture in a reaction zone. The treatment is carried out by heating the mixture to provide thermal decomposition of the chlorine-containing material and produce a chlorine-containing gas mixture, and by applying an electromagnetic field to the chlorine-containing gas mixture to provide ionization of chlorine. A volatile gold-containing chloride product, produced in the reaction zone as a result of a chemical reaction between gold and chlorine ions, is then cooled to convert the volatile gold-containing chloride product into solid phase gold-containing materials.

Abstract: A method and plant for gold recovery from any gold-bearing ore by low-temperature chlorination, wherein the finely-divided gold-bearing feedstock is chlorinated gaseous chlorine at a temperature of about 245° C. to form a highly volatile chloride compound, which after leaving a reactor is directed to a low-temperature nitrogen plasma unit having a temperature of 900-1100° C., wherein the said compound decomposes and turns into high-purity gold powder, which is cooled with gaseous nitrogen at a cooling reactor's inlet, which is equipped with a water chamber, and collected in a dumping hopper. Some embodiments allow recovery of high-purity 999.9 fine gold using an environmentally friendly, cost effective and inexpensive method implemented on an industrial scale.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery of an embodiment includes an exterior member, a cathode including a cathode active material layer housed in the exterior member, an anode including an anode active material layer housed in the exterior member and spatially separated from the cathode by a separator, and a nonaqueous electrolyte filled in the exterior member. The cathode active material layer contains lithium-copper oxide and copper oxide. A peak intensity ratio d(002)/d(010) between a plane index d(010) derived from the lithium-copper oxide and a plane index d(002) derived from the copper oxide is not lower than 0.1 and not higher than 0.5 at an X-ray diffraction peak.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electroconductive paste that can contain a high proportion of an electroconductive powder, has excellent electroconductivity reliability and migration resistance, has a highly competitive price due to a reduced amount of silver plating, and is suitable for use in solder electrode formation, an electroconductive adhesive, etc. The electroconductive paste of the present invention comprises a binder and an electroconductive powder containing 80 to 97 wt % of a substantially spherical silver-coated copper powder in which the surface of a copper powder is coated with silver and the surface thereof is further coated with 0.02 to 0.5 wt % relative to the copper powder of a fatty acid, and 3 to 20 wt % of a flat-shaped silver-coated copper powder in which the surface of a copper powder is coated with silver and the surface thereof is further coated with 0.02 to 1.2 wt % relative to the copper powder of a fatty acid.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of gold from a potassium iodide-iodine solution is provided. The gold is precipitated from the solution using a weak acid, (e.g. ascorbic acid), a buffer, (e.g. sodium bicarbonate), and a dye. The precipitate is then removed from the solution resulting in the recovery the gold precipitate and the potassium iodide-iodine solution.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovering raw materials, in particular heavy metals such as chromium, zinc, copper, lead, or nickel, by separation from waste and residues, wherein a liquid or viscous starting mixture and/or a starting mixture composed of crushed or ground components is first prepared. The invention is characterized in that the raw materials are separated by a thermochemical treatment. The liquid, viscous and/or solid starting mixture is first mixed with additives, depending on its composition, then subjected to a thermal treatment in an oven. The atmosphere in the oven flows through the starting mixture and the suspended materials thus generated as flakes or dust are conveyed out of the oven through a filter installation with several stages in which they are separated from the waste gas. The first filter is designed as a hot filter, after which the waste gas is cooled and after flowing through at least a second filter, pre-heated and then burnt at a high temperature.

Abstract: A method is described which allows two hazardous waste products, namely PVC and electric arc furnace dust, both of which have negative commercial value, to be combined to produce an iron oxide suitable for steel making and making pure cadmium lead and zinc and chlorine, all of which can be sold. The heat generated during the exothermic reaction may be used to generate electricity which may be sold or used in plants where the reaction is carded out. The method can also be used for metal scraps.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery is disclosed which comprises: a positive electrode; a negative electrode; and a nonaqueous ion conductor, the negative electrode including a primary negative-electrode active material of a graphite which is capable of intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions, and a secondary negative-electrode active material of a cupric oxide having a low crystallinity.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the separation of vaporous heavy metal compounds from a carrier gas wherein the heavy metal compounds are cooled and desublimed. An apparatus for carrying out this process has a melting furnace with a discharge opening for a gas/ vapor mixture, which leads to a cooling device.Vaporous heavy metal compounds can be separated from a carrier gas on a large industrial scale. In addition, the apparatus for carrying out this process is easy to operate. The gas/vapor mixture is turbulently mixed immediately after the discharge from the furnace in a mixing section with cold air and is thus cooled. During this cooling, the vaporous heavy metal compounds desublime and are filtered as particles in a filter.

Abstract: Metallic constituents, especially heavy metal constituents are removed from dust electrostatically separated from a gas mixture consisting substantially of carbon monoxide and phosphorus in vapor form obtained during the electrothermal production of yellow phosphorus. To this end, the dust is initially calcined with continuous agitation under oxidizing conditions at temperatures of 300.degree. to 800.degree. C.; next, the resulting calcined matter is mixed with carbon and the mixture is treated at temperatures of 950.degree. to 1200.degree. C. under reducing conditions with volatilization of the metallic constituents; and the volatized metallic constituents are ultimately condensed and separated.

Abstract: An absorbent prepared by supporting an organic or inorganic reductive substance on hydrated aluminum silicate is useful as a pharmaceutical or as an absorbent for precious metal complexes such as gold complex, silver complex and the like.

Abstract: Ultra-fine spherical particles of a metal oxide having an average particle diameter of 40 nm or smaller can be prepared by a method in which a vaporizable metal compound is vaporized and decomposed under heating to give ultra-fine particles of a metal oxide followed by immediate cooling down to a temperature at which coalescence of the fine particles are prevented from coalescence. The fine particles have characteristics such as an excellent power of ultraviolet scattering.

Abstract: Hazardous waste containing inorganic compounds which contain heavy metals or particular hazardous anionic groups or which are hazardous halides or non-metal oxides or sulfides is contacted with molten aluminum to provide reduction to lower less hazardous oxidation state.

Abstract: In the fluidized bed chlorination of oxidic materials, for example minerals such as bauxite, tantalite, columbite, wolframite or scheelite, the separation of metal values giving vaporous chlorides at the reaction temperature is enhanced by maintaining a zone substantially free of chlorine in the fluidized bed, for example a zone at least 0.25 m in depth measured from the expanded bed surface. A high aspect ratio bed and counter current movement of the bed matter and the chlorine within the bed are preferably used.

Abstract: Purification of cuprous chloride is accomplished by distillation wherein cuprous chloride is recovered as the overhead product, and substantially all of the silver chloride and other impurities present report to the bottoms. Typical impurities in copper ore leach liquors include chlorides of silver, calcium, arsenic, bismuth, iron, nickel, lead, antimony, selenium, tellurium, silicon, mercury, manganese, tin, aluminum, magnesium, chromium, cobalt, cadmium, molybdenum, zinc and titanium, most of which may be excluded in large part by crystallization of cuprous chloride. Measurable amounts of these impurities, however, report to the crystals, and silver tends to co-precipitate with the copper in major amounts. Distillation accomplishes a high degree of copper-silver separation and substantial elimination of other impurities from the copper.

Abstract: A process for treating a particulated gold bearing ore to recover the gold therein is disclosed. The process includes roasting the ore to remove sulfides as sulfur dioxide followed by chlorination of the ore at a temperature of about 350.degree. C. in the presence of iron to form a mixture of volatile gold chlorides and volatile gold-iron chlorides in the chlorine off gases followed by condensing the gold compounds by passing the mixture through a salt such as sodium chloride to form a salt melt and separating the gold from the melt.

Abstract: This invention relates to apparatus for refining platinum group metal concentrates and the separation therefrom of silver and of the majority of base metals which are present with them. In more detail, the apparatus comprises means for reacting together gaseous hydrogen and chlorine so as to produce a flame and means for passing into the reaction zone of the said flame the said mineral concentrate in finely divided particulate form.The apparatus comprises a tubular burner having a hydrogen-chlorine flame discharging into an inner heat resistant tube, means for the passage of the said mineral concentrates in particulate form through the reaction zone of the hydrogen chlorine flame, means for maintaining the reaction zone of the flame at a temperature within the range 900.degree. C. to 2500.degree. C. and means for scrubbing the reaction products after passage through the flame with an aqueous solution.

Abstract: A process for thermally treating fine-grained solids with high-oxygen gases at temperatures at which the solids can form molten and gaseous reaction products comprises carrying out the thermal treatment at least in part in a cyclone chamber. The solids, high-oxygen gases and, if desired, an energy carrier (usually a carbon-containing solid, liquid or gas) are mixed to form a suspension at a temperature below the reaction temperature. The suspension is fed to a vertical combustion path (tube) and reacts therein to form another suspension of primarily molten particles which is admitted to the cyclone chamber. Reactants are added to the gas phase within a core-flow region of the cyclone chamber and/or immediately after the discharge of gas therefrom to a cooling chamber.

Abstract: This invention relates to refining platinum group metal concentrates and the separation therefrom of silver and of the majority of base metals with which they naturally occur. In more detail the process comprises the steps of:(a) contacting a solid particulate mixture of base, silver and precious metal components, any of which components may be in metallic or chemically combined form, with a halogen-containing gas at a temperature which is sufficiently high for the base metal and silver components to form their halides and for the said halides substantially to volatilize from the said solid mixture, and(b) removing the said volatilized halides from the solid precious metal-containing component which remains.

Abstract: Ocean floor nodules are treated with halogenating agents to produce a pregnant leach solution which is subjected to selective solvent extraction to isolate metal values contained in the ore.

Abstract: This invention relates to refining platinum group metal concentrates and the separation therefrom of silver and of the majority of base metals which are present with them. In more detail, the process comprises reacting together gaseous hydrogen and chlorine so as to produce a flame and passing into the reaction zone of the said flame the said mineral concentrate in finely divided particulate form.The specification also describes an apparatus for carrying out the above process comprising a tubular burner having a hydrogen-chlorine flame discharging into an inner heat resistant tube and means for maintaining the inner tube at an elevated temperature up to at least 2500.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of a concentrate of by-metals comprises heating he concentrate at between 1100.degree. C and 1500.degree. C, preferably at about 1300.degree. C, in a gaseous stream which comprises oxygen. The heating step is effected for a period of time sufficient to ensure quantitative removal of one or more of lead, arsenic, silver, bismuth and/or tellurium and the oxidation of ruthenium, rhodium and iridium to their oxides.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of precious metal values from ores whereby the ore, in particulate form is heated with a mixture of solid (dry) chloride and nitrate salts, in the absence of oxygen. The precious metal values are recovered in the form of the corresponding chlorides which are removed from the system by sublimation or vaporization. The chlorides of the precious metal values are then trapped, separated and can be reduced by conventional methods. Gold, silver and platinum are particularly amenable to recovery from complex ores by this method.

Abstract: Non-ferrous metals are recovered from metal bearing ores or other metal sources in substantially quantitative yields by treating a finely divided metal bearing material with an aqueous inorganic acid to form a slurry and baking the slurry at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature of about 350.degree. to 800.degree.C. or higher under quiescent conditions for a period of time sufficient to convert the non-ferrous metals into soluble salts. The fumes from the baking process are scrubbed with a dilute acid solution to extract volatile metal salts. The residue is leached with an appropriate solution or solutions to recover the soluble metal salts which are then recovered from the solution by conventional techniques.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for separating metal values from an anhydrous mixture of metal halides in a fluid state, i.e. vapor or liquid; the separation is made by contacting a fluid mixture containing a halide of at least one less-noble metal selected from the group consisting of iron and manganese, and a halide of at least one more-noble metal selected from the group consisting of copper, cobalt and nickel, with an elemental metal. This procedure is especially effective in the refining of ocean floor nodule ores.