Abstract: A synthetic block for optimizing the performance of diamonds and gemstones is provided, including: a sealing material, a thermal insulation material, conductive materials, and a heating material. The conductive materials are provided at both ends of the sealing material. The heating material abuts between the conductive materials, and a high-temperature and high-pressure area is formed inside the heating material. The thermal insulation material includes a first thermal insulation tube and a second thermal insulation tube that are sequentially telescoped the conductive materials. The first thermal insulation tube abuts on an outer wall of the heating material, the second thermal insulation tube is provided between the sealing material and the first thermal insulation tube, a height of the second thermal insulation tube is greater than that of the first thermal insulation tube, and the synthetic block is square.

Abstract: A MASER (Microwave Amplified Stimulated Emission of Radiation) emitter is fabricated of thin film components, including a thin film of nitrogen-implanted, epitaxial crystal diamond. The MASER elements can also include a controllable Q-switching layer and be arranged in a thin panel, phased array to generate a single beam of coherent, mode-locked, continuous wave MASER radiation.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to deposition of high transparency, high-density carbon films for patterning applications. In one embodiment, a method of forming a carbon film on a substrate is provided. The method includes flowing a hydrocarbon-containing gas mixture into a process chamber having a substrate positioned on an electrostatic chuck, wherein the substrate is maintained at a temperature of about ?10° C. to about 20° C. and a chamber pressure of about 0.5 mTorr to about 10 Torr, and generating a plasma by applying a first RF bias to the electrostatic chuck to deposit a diamond-like carbon film containing about 60% or greater hybridized sp3 atoms on the substrate, wherein the first RF bias is provided at a power of about 1800 Watts to about 2200 Watts and at a frequency of about 40 MHz to about 162 MHz.

Abstract: A coloured single crystal CVD synthetic diamond material comprising: a plurality of layers, wherein the plurality of layers includes at least two sets of layers which differ in terms of their defect composition and colour, wherein defect type, defect concentration, and layer thickness for each of the at least two sets of layers is such that if the coloured single crystal CVD diamond material is fabricated into a round brilliant cut diamond comprising a table and a culet, and having a table to culet depth greater than 1 mm, the round brilliant cut diamond comprises a uniform colour as viewed by naked human eye under standard ambient viewing conditions in at least a direction through the table to the culet.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a diamond substrate includes: forming an ion implantation layer at a side of a main surface of a diamond seed substrate by implanting ions into the main surface of the diamond seed substrate; producing a diamond structure by growing a diamond growth layer by a vapor phase synthesis method on the main surface of the diamond seed substrate, after implanting the ions; and performing heat treatment on the diamond structure. The performed heat treatment causes the diamond structure to be separated along the ion implantation layer into a first structure including the diamond seed substrate and failing to include the diamond growth layer, and a diamond substrate including the diamond growth layer. Thus, the method of manufacturing a diamond substrate is provided that enables a diamond substrate with a large area to be manufactured in a short time and at a low cost.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to a polycrystalline diamond compact (“PDC”) including a polycrystalline diamond (“PCD”) table bonded to a cemented carbide substrate including tungsten carbide grains having a fine average grain size to provide one or more of enhanced wear resistance, corrosion resistance, or erosion resistance, and a PDC with enhanced impact resistance. In an embodiment, a PDC includes a cemented carbide substrate having a cobalt-containing cementing constituent cementing tungsten carbide grains together exhibiting an average grain size of about 1.5 ?m or less. The substrate includes an interfacial surface and a depletion zone depleted of the cementing constituent that extends inwardly from the interfacial surface to a depth of, for example, about 30 ?m to about 60 ?m. The PDC includes a PCD table bonded to the interfacial surface of the substrate. The PCD table includes diamond grains bonded together exhibiting an average grain size of about 40 ?m or less.

Abstract: Methods for depositing an amorphous carbon layer onto a substrate, including over previously formed layers on the substrate, use a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process. In particular, the methods utilize a combination of RF AC power and pulsed DC power to create a plasma which deposits an amorphous carbon layer with a high ratio of sp3 (diamond-like) carbon to sp2 (graphite-like) carbon. The methods also provide for lower processing pressures, lower processing temperatures, and higher processing powers, each of which, alone or in combination, may further increase the relative fraction of sp3 carbon in the deposited amorphous carbon layer. As a result of the higher sp3 carbon fraction, the methods provide amorphous carbon layers having improved density, rigidity, etch selectivity, and film stress as compared to amorphous carbon layers deposited by conventional methods.

Abstract: A method for producing a body obtained by processing a solid carbon-containing material, the method includes: preparing the solid carbon-containing material composed of a material having at least a surface containing solid carbon; forming a gas phase fluid containing at least one of an active gas or an active plasma which are active against the solid carbon; and processing the solid carbon-containing material by injecting the gas phase fluid onto at least a part of the surface of the solid carbon-containing material.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a polycrystalline diamond body, the method including a first step of heat-treating a powder of high-pressure-phase carbon at higher than or equal to 1300° C. to obtain a heat-treated carbon powder, and a second step of sintering the heat-treated carbon powder under conditions of greater than or equal to 12 GPa and less than or equal to 25 GPa and higher than or equal to 1200° C. and lower than or equal to 2300° C. to obtain a polycrystalline diamond body.

Abstract: The present invention provides an initial running-in agent composition suitable for forming a low-friction surface (running-in surface) on a sliding member, such as a hard carbon film, in a system in which water is used as a lubricant. The initial running-in agent composition (10) according to an embodiment of the present invention contains water 11 as a lubricant base and nanodiamond particles (12). In the initial running-in agent composition (10), a content of the water (11) is preferably 99 mass % or greater, and a content of the nanodiamond particles (12) is preferably 1.0 mass % or less.

Abstract: A pedestal for a plasma processing system includes a substrate supporting surface. An annular edge ring is arranged around a periphery of the substrate supporting surface. A chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond coating is arranged on a plasma-exposed surface of the annular edge ring. The CVD diamond coating includes sp3 bonds. A purity of the sp3 bonds in the diamond coating is greater than 90%.

Abstract: A method for treating a knife cutting edge with a laser deposition (sintering) process using a composition coating such as a diamond powder or a substance above 5 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. The coating providing an abrasion resistant cutting edge and creates a differential hardness on the total cutting edge. The differential hardness extends the cutting ability of the knife through a wear-resistant surface on a treated surface and a faster wear on an untreated surface causing the cutting edge to be self sharpening as the untreated surface wears away.

Abstract: Polarizable diamond materials and methods for obtaining nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of samples external to the diamond materials are described. The diamond materials can include 12C, 13C, substitutional nitrogen, and nitrogen vacancy defects in a crystalline lattice, wherein the substitutional nitrogen concentration is between 10 ppm and 200 ppm, the nitrogen vacancy concentration is between 10 ppb and 10 ppm, and the 13C concentration is greater than 1.1% and not more than 25%. Methods for obtaining nuclear magnetic resonance spectra can include optically pumping a diamond material to generate electron spin hyperpolarization in nitrogen vacancy centers, transferring the electron spin hyperpolarization to nuclei of the sample, and generating a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum by applying a magnetic field to the sample, exciting the sample with a radio frequency pulse, and detecting a nuclear magnetic resonance response from the sample.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a coated substrate having a hard material coating, which comprises a hard carbon layer of the hydrogen-free amorphous carbon layer type, wherein the coating comprises a layer consisting of zirconium between the substrate and the hydrogen-free amorphous carbon layer; wherein between the layer consisting of zirconium and the hydrogen-free amorphous carbon layer, a layer consisting of Zr—Cx can be formed in which a zirconium monocarbide is formed; and the layer consisting of Zr—Cx and comprising zirconium monocarbide is applied directly to the adhesive layer consisting of zirconium.

Abstract: A method of forming graphene includes placing a substrate in a processing chamber and introducing a cleaning gas including hydrogen and nitrogen into the processing chamber. The method also includes introducing a carbon source into the processing chamber and initiating a microwave plasma in the processing chamber. The method further includes subjecting the substrate to a flow of the cleaning gas and the carbon source for a predetermined period of time to form the graphene.

Abstract: An optical element includes a synthetic diamond material and an optical surface pattern formed directly in at least one surface of the synthetic diamond material. The optical surface pattern includes a plurality of projections separated by trenches, the projections spaced apart with a periodicity d. The periodicity d is between 65 and 99% of a zeroeth order diffraction limit above which non zeroeth diffraction orders are observed at an operating wavelength ?. The optical surface pattern has a fill fraction in a range 0.1 to 0.6, the fill fraction defined as [area of projection in one periodic unit]/[area of the periodic unit]. The optical element has an absorption coefficient measured at room temperature of ?0.2 cm-1 at a wavelength of 10.6 ?m.

Abstract: A method of producing a diamond monolayer, which entails impacting a target containing a supported or immobilized layer of dihydrobenzvalene with a fluence of accelerated CH radicals, producing upon impact a shock wave not exceeding the strain energy of the dihydrobenzvalene, to form, thereby, the diamond monolayer; and then impacting a supported and heated diamond monolayer with a fluence of accelerated CH radicals sufficient to produce an instantaneous pressure at a surface of the diamond monolayer to favor diamond formation over graphite formation, to form diamond mass; said heated diamond monolayer being heated to a temperature of at least about 500° C.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a transparent glass system that includes an optical grade silicon substrate, and a nanocrystalline diamond film on the silicon substrate, the diamond film deposited using a chemical vapor deposition system having a reactor in which methane, hydrogen and argon source gases are added. Further disclosed is a method of fabricating transparent glass that includes the steps of seeding an optical grade silicon substrate and forming a nanocrystalline diamond film on the silicon substrate using a chemical vapor deposition system having a reactor in which methane, hydrogen and argon source gases are added.

Abstract: A radial bearing assembly is provided. The radial bearing assembly includes polycrystalline diamond elements, each having an engagement surface in sliding engagement with an opposing engagement surface. The opposing engagement surface includes a diamond reactive material. The radial bearing assembly may be deployed in a variety of components and applications, including in rotor and stator assemblies. Also provided are methods of use of the radial bearing assembly, as well as methods of designing the radial bearing assembly.

Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing a single-crystal diamond, the method including the steps of: forming a protective film on at least a part of a surface of an auxiliary plate; preparing a diamond seed crystal substrate; disposing an auxiliary plate with a protective film that has the protective film formed on the auxiliary plate, and a diamond seed crystal substrate in a chamber; and growing a single-crystal diamond on a principal surface of the diamond seed crystal substrate by a chemical vapor deposition method while introducing a carbon-containing gas into the chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing zeta positive hydrogenated nanodiamond particles, and to a method for producing zeta positive single digit hydrogenated nanodiamond dispersions. The present invention further relates to zeta positive hydrogenated nanodiamond powder and zeta positive single digit hydrogenated nanodiamond dispersion.

Abstract: A fluorescent diamond particle, characterized by having a surface and a diamond lattice; the particle comprising a core and a region within approximately 3 nm of the surface of the particle enriched with fluorescent color centers, where the near surface enrichment with color centers is enriched by a treatment providing in-diffusion of external dopants, as compared to particles which have not undergone the treatment. The dopant is selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom, a group of nitrogen atoms, silicon, and a combination thereof.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a cutting tool is disclosed. The cutting tool includes a base member and a DLC layer. The DLS layer contains diamond-like carbon and is located on a surface of the base member. The DLC layer includes one or more first regions. Each of the one or more first regions contains argon by 0.1-1 mass %.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method of preparing a carbon-coated ceria hollow sphere, which includes the following steps of: S110, dispersing silica in a solvent to obtain a silica dispersion; S120, performing a hydrothermal reaction between the silica dispersion and a cerium salt to obtain a ceria-coated silica microsphere; S140, coating the ceria-coated silica microsphere with a carbon source to obtain a primary product, wherein the carbon source is dopamine; S160, sintering the primary product under a protective gas atmosphere to obtain a carbon-coated ceria microsphere; and S170, etching the carbon-coated ceria microsphere by using an etchant to obtain a carbon-coated ceria hollow sphere.

Abstract: An electrode formed of synthetically produced, electrically conductive, doped diamond particles embedded in a carrier layer formed of electrically non-conductive material, wherein the diamond particles protrude on both sides of the carrier layer and come from a grain size range of 170 ?m to 420 ?m, wherein the diamond particles in the electrode have grain sizes which differ from one another by at most 50 ?m. At most 10% of the diamond particles have a grain size outside the particular grain size range.

Abstract: A single-crystal diamond includes a pair of main surfaces facing each other, an impurity concentration being changed along a first direction in each of the main surfaces.

Abstract: Using processes disclosed herein, materials and structures are created and used. For example, processes can include melting boron nitride or amorphous carbon into an undercooled state followed by quenching. Exemplary new materials disclosed herein can be ferromagnetic and/or harder than diamond. Materials disclosed herein may include dopants in concentrations exceeding thermodynamic solubility limits. A novel phase of solid carbon has structure different than diamond and graphite.

Abstract: A method of producing diamonds comprises the steps of producing a carbonaceous powder comprising nano-structured carbonaceous material and a transition metal and thermally treating the powder. The carbonaceous powder is produced by electrochemical erosion of graphite in a molten salt, the transition metal being incorporated into the carbonaceous powder during the electrochemical erosion. The step of thermally treating the carbonaceous powder is carried out in a non-oxidising atmosphere at a temperature of between 350° C. and 300° C., at a pressure of lower than 1 GPa. The method allows diamond to be produced at low pressures and low temperatures.

Abstract: A gas distribution plate for a chemical vapor deposition/infiltration system includes a body having a first side and a second side opposite the first side. The body may be hollow and may define an internal cavity. The gas distribution plate may also include a plurality of pass-through tubes extending through the internal cavity, a cavity inlet, and a plurality of cavity outlets. A reaction gas may be configured to flow through the plurality of pass-through tubes and a gaseous mitigation agent may be configured to flow into the internal cavity via the cavity inlet and out of the internal cavity via the plurality of cavity outlets to mix with reaction gas.

Abstract: A method includes positioning a porous structure in a pressure cell; injecting an inert pressure medium within the pressure cell; and pressurizing the pressure cell to a pressure that thermodynamically favors a crystalline phase of the porous structure over an amorphous phase of the porous structure to transition the amorphous phase of the porous structure into the crystalline phase of the porous structure.

Abstract: A composite polycrystal contains polycrystalline diamond formed of diamond grains that are directly bonded mutually, and compressed graphite dispersed in the polycrystalline diamond.

Abstract: A coated sliding member 10 for use under an environment where it is in contact with lubricant, comprising: a base material 12; and a first hard carbon layer 14 having a thickness of 3 ?m or more formed on a surface of the base material by a vacuum arc method using carbon and consisting of diamond-like carbon, containing substantially no hydrogen and being configured only of carbon, and a second hard carbon layer 15 formed on a surface of the first hard carbon layer by a vacuum arc method using carbon and consisting of diamond-like carbon, containing substantially no hydrogen and being configured only of carbon and nitrogen, the film thickness of the second hard carbon layer being 3 to 35% of the film thickness of the first hard carbon layer.

Abstract: A method of processing diamond particles to form fluorescent color centers involves providing diamond particles containing at least one dopant; annealing the diamond particles in a vacuum or an inert atmosphere; creating vacancies in the annealed diamond particles by irradiating the diamond particles with high energy radiation; and while the annealed diamond particles are being irradiated, causing a temperature of the diamond particles to be at least a temperature at which vacancies in the diamond particles diffuse and combine with the at least one dopant to form fluorescent color centers. The procedure can be repeated at least twice. This abstract is not to be considered limiting, since other embodiments may deviate from the features described in this abstract.

Abstract: Single crystal diamond of which hardness and chipping resistance have been improved in a balanced manner, a method for manufacturing the single crystal diamond, and a tool containing the diamond are provided. Single crystal diamond contains nitrogen atoms, and a ratio of the number of isolated substitutional nitrogen atoms in the single crystal diamond to the total number of nitrogen atoms in the single crystal diamond is not lower than 0.02% and lower than 40%.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods for synthesizing synthetic CVD diamond material and high quality synthetic CVD diamond materials.

Abstract: Systems and methods for improving an individual's response are disclosed. A system for improving an individual's response comprises an item of headwear having a microphone; a speaker; a recording device secured to a front of the item of headwear; an electroencephalogram cap for measuring and recording electrical activity in the individual's brain; and a computing device. The computing device includes machine readable media; an input device; an output device; a communication device for communicating over a network; a processor in data communication with the machine readable media, the input device, and the output device; and electronic instructions that, when executed by the processor, perform steps for causing the speakers to project noise to the individual and actuating the recording device to record the individual's field of view. The microphone allows the individual to communicate, over the network, with a third party.

Abstract: Method of fabricating polycrystalline diamond include functionalizing surfaces of diamond nanoparticles with fluorine, combining the functionalized diamond nanoparticles with a polymer to form a mixture, and subjecting the mixture to high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) conditions to form inter-granular bonds between the diamond nanoparticles. A green body includes a plurality of diamond nanoparticles functionalized with fluorine, and a polymer material interspersed with the plurality of diamond nanoparticles. A method of forming cutting element includes functionalizing surfaces of diamond nanoparticles with fluorine, and combining the functionalized diamond nanoparticles with a polymer to form a mixture. The mixture is formed over a body, and the mixture and the body are subjected to HPHT conditions to form inter-granular bonds between the diamond nanoparticles and secure the bonded diamond nanoparticles to the body.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a single crystal diamond in which vapor phase synthetic single crystal diamond is additionally deposited on a single crystal diamond seed substrate obtained by vapor phase synthesis, includes a step of measuring flatness of the seed substrate, a step of determining whether or not to flatten the seed substrate based on the measurement result of the flatness, and any one of the following two steps of a step of additionally depositing the vapor phase synthetic single crystal diamond after flattening the seed substrate for which the flattening is necessary based on the determination and a step of additionally depositing the vapor phase synthetic single crystal diamond without flattening the seed substrate for which the flattening is not necessary based on the determination.

Abstract: Systems and methods for improving plasma propellant ablation/sublimation based systems are provided. One set of embodiments provides systems and methods for reducing carbon charring during plasma system (e.g., a plasma coating application system) propellant (e.g., a carbon-fluorine polymer) ablation and increasing heat transfer, ablation, and plasma thrust from plasma systems. In particular, one embodiment can include using a nano or micro-sized magnetic or electromagnetic field responsive material as particulates or microcapsules that are intermixed with polytetrafluoroethylene (e.g., Teflon®) nano-fibers, and using resulting fiber composites as the propellant material. Embodiments can include improved plasma system, e.g., pulsed plasma thrusters, plasma torches, plasma coating systems, etc, as well as nozzle improvements such as embodiments with magnetic structures disposed in relation to the nozzle. Alternative embodiments also include recovery and reuse systems.

Abstract: A method of growing carbonaceous particles comprises depositing carbon from a carbon source, onto a particle nucleus, the particle nucleus being a carbon-containing material, an inorganic material, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing, and the carbon source comprising a saturated or unsaturated compound of C20 or less, the carbonaceous particles having a uniform particle size and particle size distribution. The method is useful for preparing polycrystalline diamond compacts (PDCs) by a high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) process.

Abstract: A method of forming nanoscale diamond particles comprises providing C2 and CH radicals at a low pressure, and nucleating the C2 and CH radicals to form carbon nanoparticles comprising a diamond phase and a non-diamond phase. The method further comprises removing at least a portion of the non-diamond phase in flight during the nucleation of the C2 and CH radicals to form a carbon powder comprising a plurality of nanoscale diamond particles.

Abstract: A method of forming polycrystalline diamond includes encapsulating diamond particles, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide in a container. The encapsulated diamond particles, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide are subjected to a pressure of at least 4.5 GPa and a temperature of at least 1400° C. to form inter-granular bonds between the diamond particles. A cutting element includes polycrystalline diamond material comprising inter-bonded grains of diamond. The polycrystalline diamond material is substantially free of graphitic carbon and metallic compounds. The polycrystalline diamond material exhibits a density of at least about 3.49 g/cm3 and a modulus of at least about 1000 GPa. An earth-boring tool may include such a cutting element secured to a body.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing zeta positive hydrogenated nanodiamond particles, and to a method for producing zeta positive single digit hydrogenated nanodiamond dispersions. The present invention further relates to zeta positive hydrogenated nanodiamond powder and zeta positive single digit hydrogenated nanodiamond dispersion.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus includes a vacuum chamber including a top plate, a rotary table rotatably disposed in the vacuum chamber, a first process gas supply part that supplies a first process gas to be adsorbed on a surface of a substrate placed on the rotary table, a plasma processing gas supply part that is disposed apart from the first process gas supply part in a circumferential direction of the rotary table and supplies a second process gas to the surface of the substrate, a separation gas supply part that supplies a separation gas for separating the first process gas and the second process gas, a plasma generator that converts the second process gas into plasma, and an elevating mechanism that moves at least one of the plasma generator and the rotary table upward and downward.

Abstract: A method of producing a large area plate of single crystal diamond from CVD diamond grown on a substrate substantially free of surface defects by chemical vapour deposition (CVD). The homoepitaxial CVD grown diamond and the substrate are severed transverse to the surface of the substrate on which diamond growth took place to produce the large area plate of single crystal CVD diamond.

Abstract: A composition which effervesces when added to water, comprises diamond particles with a median equivalent volumetric diameter (Dv50) of less than 40 ?m. The compositions are useful as cleaning compositions, particularly for cleaning diamonds.

Abstract: A mild, acid- and alkali-free purification method of detonation nanodiamond material from water-insoluble metal-containing impurities and product obtained thereof. The products thus obtained include nanodiamond and diamond-containing detonation blend. The method is implemented by an impact treatment of the detonation nanodiamond material with aqueous or water organic solutions of chelating agents in concentrations 0.5-20 wt. % at elevated temperature, wherein the weight-percent ratio of the detonation nanodiamond material to an undiluted chelating agent is substantially 1 to 0.2. Impact treatment of the detonation nanodiamond material in chelating agent solution may include boiling, ultrasonication, cavitational disintegration, and harsh treatment in sealed chamber at temperatures of up to about 300° C. and high pressure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to metal plating solution comprising at least one source of metal ions and detonation nanodiamonds, wherein the detonation nanodiamonds are substantially free of negatively charged functionalities, and to a method for producing the solution. The present invention further relates to metal plating method and to a metallic coating comprising metal and detonation nanodiamonds substantially free of negatively charged functionalities.

Abstract: A method of processing hydrocarbons includes feeding a hydrocarbon feedstock into a reaction tube positioned within an opening of a waveguide, feeding a process gas into the reaction tube, receiving microwaves in the waveguide from a microwave generator, propagating microwave energy from the waveguide into the reaction tube to cause the formation of a first plasma in the reaction tube, that causes the feedstock and process gas to react and form into a product stream comprising a fuel product. The method also includes periodically, without stopping the propagation of microwave energy into the reaction tube, delivering a cleaning gas comprising oxygen. The method may also include forming a second plasma in the reaction tube, from the cleaning gas that causes burning off of a carbon residue film from the reaction tube; extracting the cleaning gas from the product stream; and delivering the extracted cleaning gas to the cleaning gas source.

Abstract: A gettered polycrystalline group III metal nitride is formed by heating a group III metal with an added getter in a nitrogen-containing gas. Most of the residual oxygen in the gettered polycrystalline nitride is chemically bound by the getter. The gettered polycrystalline group III metal nitride is useful as a raw material for ammonothermal growth of bulk group III nitride crystals.