Specified Injection Velocity Patents (Class 423/455)
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Patent number: 11149148Abstract: Secondary heat may be added to a particle production process. The particles may be, for example, carbon particles. Among other things, the secondary heat addition may result in change in surface area of the carbon particle(s), change in structure of the carbon particle(s), reduced wall fouling, reduced energy consumption and/or increased throughput. Apparatus for performing the process is also described.Type: GrantFiled: April 28, 2017Date of Patent: October 19, 2021Assignee: MONOLITH MATERIALS, INC.Inventors: Roscoe W. Taylor, Alexander F. Hoermann, Peter L. Johnson, Robert J. Hanson, Aaron S. Hampton
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Patent number: 11098200Abstract: The invention pertains to a process for the production of crystalline carbon structure networks in a reactor 3 which contains a reaction zone 3b and a termination zone 3c, by injecting a thermodynamically stable micro-emulsion c, comprising metal catalyst nanoparticles, into the reaction zone 3b which is at a temperature of above 600° C., preferably above 700° C., more preferably above 900° C., even more preferably above 1000° C., more preferably above 1100° C., preferably up to 3000° C., more preferably up to 2500° C., most preferably up to 2000° C., to produce crystalline carbon structure networks e, transferring these networks e to the termination zone 3c, and quenching or stopping the formation of crystalline carbon structure networks in the termination zone by spraying in water d.Type: GrantFiled: June 28, 2017Date of Patent: August 24, 2021Assignee: CARBONX IP 3 B.V.Inventors: Rutger Alexander David Van Raalten, Daniela Sordi
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Patent number: 9006132Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing catalyst composition for the synthesis of carbon nanotube with high yields using the spray pyrolysis method. More particularly, this invention relates to a process for preparing catalyst composition for the synthesis of carbon nanotube comprising the steps of i) dissolving multi-component metal precursors of catalyst composition in de-ionized water; ii) spraying obtained catalytic metal precursor solution into the high temperature reactor by gas atomization method; iii) forming the catalyst composition powder by pyrolysis of gas atomized material; and iv) obtaining the catalyst composition powder, wherein said catalyst composition comprises i) main catalyst selected from Fe or Co, ii) Al, iii) optional co-catalyst at least one selected from Ni, Cu, Sn, Mo, Cr, Mn, V, W, Ti, Si, Zr or Y, iv) inactive support of Mg. Further, the catalyst composition prepared by this invention has a very low apparent density of 0.01˜0.Type: GrantFiled: May 11, 2011Date of Patent: April 14, 2015Assignee: Korea Kumho Petrochemical Co., LtdInventors: Sang-Hyo Ryu, Hyun-Kyung Sung, Namsun Choi, Wan Sung Lee, Dong Hwan Kim, Youngchan Jang
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Patent number: 8648009Abstract: Nanoporous and mesoporous carbon materials are fabricated in a pyrolysis process in which a starting mixture including a carbonizing polymer and a pyrolyzing polymer are employed. In one instance, the carbonizing polymer and pyrolyzing polymer are joined together in the form of a block copolymer. In another instance, the carbonizing polymer is a polyfurfuryl alcohol and the pyrolyzing polymer is polyethylene glycol diacid. These two polymer materials are mixed together and not copolymerized. The pore structure of the material may be controlled by controlling the molecular weight of various of the polymer components.Type: GrantFiled: April 26, 2007Date of Patent: February 11, 2014Assignee: The Penn State Research FoundationInventors: Henry C. Foley, Ramakrishnan Rajagopalan, Andrew P. Marencic, Christopher L. Burket
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Patent number: 8557190Abstract: A carbon nanotube synthesis process apparatus comprises a reaction tube in which a reaction field is formed, and a discharge pipe (32) arranged downstream of the reaction tube and discharging carbon nanotubes to the outside. A plurality of nozzles (34) are provided on the sidewall of the discharge pipe (32) in directions which are deflected with respect to the center (O) of the discharge pipe (32). When gases are discharged from the plurality of nozzles (34), a swirl flowing from the inner side surface along the inner side surface is produced in the discharge pipe (32). Adhesion of carbon nanotubes to the inner side surface of the discharge pipe (32) is prevented by the swirl flow and thus the apparatus can be operated continuously.Type: GrantFiled: November 12, 2008Date of Patent: October 15, 2013Assignee: Nikkiso Co., Ltd.Inventors: Shuichi Shiraki, Takeji Murai, Yuzo Nakagawa
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Patent number: 8265330Abstract: A material for improving the sound pressure level at the bass reproduction limit of the present invention is composed of an activated carbon having a cumulative pore volume of 0.4 ml/g or more for the pores each having a radius of 50 angstroms or less. Preferably, this activated carbon has a cumulative pore volume of 0.1 ml/g or less for the pores each having a radius of 7 angstroms or less. In particular, when a sound pressure level improving material in which the activated carbon has a cumulative pore volume of 0.5 ml/g or more for the pores each having a radius of 18 angstroms or less is installed in a cabinet of a loudspeaker device, the material alleviates pressure fluctuations of a gas within the cabinet caused by vibration of a loudspeaker, and thus a very good bass reproduction effect is attained. Moreover, in the case where a sound pressure level improving material in which the activated carbon has a cumulative pore volume of 0.Type: GrantFiled: July 4, 2008Date of Patent: September 11, 2012Assignees: Kuraray Chemical Co., Ltd., Panasonic CorporationInventors: Yoshiharu Fukunishi, Takanori Kitamura, Kengo Tabata, Toshiyuki Matsumura, Shuji Saiki, Yoshimichi Kajihara, Satoshi Koura
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Patent number: 8052940Abstract: Provided are an apparatus for synthesizing carbon nanotubes, the apparatus including a reaction tube that provides a space for carbon nanotubes and is formed vertically long, a heating unit that is formed at the outer side of the reaction tube, and heats the reaction tube, a gas-supply unit that sprays reaction gas for synthesizing the carbon nanotubes by reacting with catalysts positioned inside the reaction tube, an exhaustion unit that is connected to the upper portion of the reaction tube, and discharges non-reacted reaction gas for synthesizing the carbon nanotubes, and a blocking unit that is formed inside the reaction tube, discharges only the non-reacted reaction gas for synthesizing the carbon nanotubes to the exhaustion unit, and blocks the discharge of the carbon nanotubes and catalysts, in which the cross-section of the blocking unit is divided in a plurality of polygon structures, and downward-slanted blocking wings are formed at each divided cell.Type: GrantFiled: September 29, 2009Date of Patent: November 8, 2011Assignee: Korea Kumho Petrochemical Co., Ltd.Inventors: Chung-Heon Jeong, Jong-Kwan Jeon, Suk-Won Jang
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Patent number: 7348375Abstract: Elastomer composites and elastomer blends comprising particulate fillers having selected structure and surface area values are disclosed as well as elastomer composites and elastomer blends having improved properties. Methods of making and using elastomer composites and elastomer blends are also disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: April 4, 2005Date of Patent: March 25, 2008Assignee: Cabot CorporationInventors: Ting Wang, Meng-Jiao Wang, Glendon A. McConnell, Steven R. Reznek
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Patent number: 6908961Abstract: Elastomer composites and elastomer blends comprising particulate fillers having selected structure and surface area values are disclosed as well as elastomer composites and elastomer blends having improved properties. Methods of making and using elastomer composites and elastomer blends are also disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: December 7, 2001Date of Patent: June 21, 2005Assignee: Cabot CorporationInventors: Ting Wang, Meng-Jiao Wang, Steven R. Reznek
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Patent number: 6358487Abstract: A carbon black having an average particle size of at most 13 nm, Dmod of at most 80 nm, a D½/Dmod ratio of at most 0.6 and at least pH 5.Type: GrantFiled: June 22, 1999Date of Patent: March 19, 2002Assignee: Mitsubishi Chemical CorporationInventors: Yoshihiro Omae, Nobutake Mise, Yutaka Fukuyama, Yuuichi Sekine, Takaharu Yamamoto, Hiroaki Takehara, Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi, Susumu Nakajima, Masanobu Ishida, Mamoru Nakayama, Hiroshi Maeda
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Patent number: 5891414Abstract: The present invention relates to a carbon black producing method. More particularly, the present invention relates to a carbon black producing method using an oil furnace, wherein the cooling medium for stopping the carbon black producing reaction is gas.Type: GrantFiled: July 26, 1996Date of Patent: April 6, 1999Assignee: Mitsubishi Chemical CorporationInventors: Shininchi Kanamaru, Syushichi Yoshimura
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Patent number: 5262146Abstract: A method for producing carbon black by means of a horizontal carbon black production furnace having a first reaction zone in which a mixture of an oxygen-containing gas and a fuel is burned to form a high temperature gas stream, a second reaction zone in which a hydrocarbon feedstock is supplied and reacted with the high temperature gas stream formed in the first reaction zone, and a third reaction zone in which quenching water is sprayed into the gas mixture from the second reaction zone to terminate the reaction, wherein the second reaction zone is constructed to have a hollow cylindrical structure with at least two cylindrical sections having different inner diameters connected to one another and the hydrocarbon feedstock is divided for supply so that it is supplied to at least two locations including an upstream cylindrical section to which the hydrocarbon feedstock is first supplied and a cylindrical section located downstream thereof and so that the flow velocities of gases passing through the respectivType: GrantFiled: April 2, 1992Date of Patent: November 16, 1993Assignee: Mitsubishi Kasei CorporationInventors: Shinichi Kanamaru, Hideyuki Hisashi, Tadashi Hashiguchi, Akinori Sakaue
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Patent number: 5009854Abstract: An axial flow carbon black reactor for producing carbon black particles having a relatively narrow particle size distribution. Feedstock oil is introduced into the reactor by a spray nozzle located coaxial with the longitudinal center line of the reactor. The oil spray flows either in the countercurrent or the concurrent direction relative to the flow of hot gas through the reactor and produces an oil spray pattern covering either substantially the entire frontal area of the hot gas flow or substantially less than the frontal area. Countercurrent feedstock flow increases coverage of the gas flow area by the oil spray and narrows the particle size distribution of carbon black produced by the reactor, and concurrent feedstock flow produces the opposite result.Type: GrantFiled: August 31, 1988Date of Patent: April 23, 1991Assignee: Columbian Chemicals CompanyInventor: William R. Jones, Jr.
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Patent number: 4988493Abstract: A new process and apparatus for producing carbon black is provided and unique reactor with separate carbon black forming reaction zones is described. The process utilizes such a reactor to give unique carbon blacks which give rise to low hysteresis loss and good wear when used in rubber compounds for reinforcement and particularly in rubber tires.Type: GrantFiled: November 4, 1987Date of Patent: January 29, 1991Assignee: Witco CorporationInventors: Don T. Norman, Gary L. Marney
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Patent number: 4822588Abstract: A carbon black reactor is characterized by a converging zone, a throat, a first reaction zone and a second reaction zone serially connected. Oil can be injected both upstream and downstream of the throat. Annular walls connect the throat with the first reaction zone and the first reaction zone with the second reaction zone.Type: GrantFiled: July 26, 1985Date of Patent: April 18, 1989Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventors: Mark L. Gravley, E. Webb Henderson
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Patent number: 4755371Abstract: A process for producing a relatively coarse, highly structured carbon black having a large surface area. The method comprises mixing a hydrocarbon feedstock with hot combustion gases at a high temperature in a reaction chamber wherein turbulence and stream velocity are relatively low in order to produce a preliminary coarse carbon black and effluent gases. The produced coarse carbon black is subsequently separated from the effluent gases. The separated produced carbon black is thereafter fed into a reaction chamber wherein turbulence and residence time are specifically controlled. Subsequently, the separated and produced carbon black is oxidized under controlled conditions within the reaction chamber with hot combustion gases in order to produce a coarse, large surface area, highly structured carbon black product and effluent gases. The effluent gases are thereafter separated from the coarse, high surface area, highly structured carbon black product.Type: GrantFiled: August 8, 1983Date of Patent: July 5, 1988Assignee: Columbian Chemicals CompanyInventor: Theodore Dickerson
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Patent number: 4729885Abstract: The moving of adjacent axial stream at sufficiently different speeds to create turbulence and rapid mixing of feedstock and hot gases in a carbon black reactor is utilized to provide a high surface area carbon black.Type: GrantFiled: December 10, 1986Date of Patent: March 8, 1988Assignee: Phillips Petroleum Co.Inventor: Paul J. Cheng
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Patent number: 4664901Abstract: An axial flow carbon black reactor can be provided with multiple expansion steps in the reactor expansion zone, tangential air entries into the steps, tangential process air entry with straightening vanes in the converging zone to provide axial reactor flow, tangential process air entry using longitudinal baffles in the reactor expanded zone to provide axial reactor flow; multiple expansion steps with flow of fluid from the converging zone and into the steps and multiple step expansions of the reactor expansion zone with downstream sloping faces on the steps.Type: GrantFiled: March 4, 1985Date of Patent: May 12, 1987Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventor: E. Webb Henderson
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Patent number: 4645657Abstract: This disclosure relates to an improved furnace process for producing carbon blacks by the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbonaceous feedstock wherein the resultant blacks have decreased tinting strengths and have properties which impart improved hysteresis to rubber formulations in which the blacks are incorporated.Type: GrantFiled: July 2, 1984Date of Patent: February 24, 1987Assignee: Cabot CorporationInventors: Kam B. Lee, Alan A. Simpkin
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Patent number: 4636375Abstract: A process for the production of furnace blacks of variable carbon black structure according to the customary furnace black technology is disclosed, whereby a low ratio is adjusted between combustion air and carbon black raw material for achieving high yields and large raw material through-puts, and wherein for lowering of the carbon black structure the carbon black produced is removed entirely or partly from the exhaust gases and the residual gas thus obtained is completely or partially recycled to the combustion chamber of the reactor.Type: GrantFiled: December 20, 1982Date of Patent: January 13, 1987Assignee: Degussa AktiengesellschaftInventors: Lothar Rothbuhr, Gerhard Kuhner
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Patent number: 4601892Abstract: A generally cylindrical carbon black reactor for the production of soft carbon blacks is modified to produce a wider range of products by the installation of a choke.Type: GrantFiled: March 30, 1983Date of Patent: July 22, 1986Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventors: C. Jack Hart, Lawrence K. Murray, David L. Rogers, Richard T. Divis
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Patent number: 4520000Abstract: A carbon black reactor employs the following components to produce non-uniform gas flow patterns.(a) a precombustion chamber skewed at an angle of 30-60 degrees from the reactor axis, comprising:(1) offset tangential hot gas entries(2) axial or offset multiple oil feed entries(b) an optional venturi which can be offset from the reactor axis and/or asymmetric in form.Type: GrantFiled: February 17, 1984Date of Patent: May 28, 1985Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventors: John R. Casperson, Paul D. Hann
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Patent number: 4438087Abstract: A carbon black reactor having a mixing section and a reaction section with a choke situated within one of these sections further modified by means for reciprocating the choke along the longitudinal axis of the reactor to disrupt flow and, thereby, produce low tint residual carbon black and a method for producing carbon black utilizing the reciprocating choke.Type: GrantFiled: September 29, 1982Date of Patent: March 20, 1984Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventor: John R. Casperson
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Patent number: 4341750Abstract: Carbon black having a low tint residue is produced by periodically varying operating conditions in a carbon black reactor.Type: GrantFiled: June 20, 1977Date of Patent: July 27, 1982Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventor: John W. Vanderveen
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Patent number: 4321248Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing carbon black in which combustion gas is introduced into a precombustion or combustion zone of a carbon black reactor in a manner to produce a vortex of combustion gases traveling axially through said reactor and a flow of fluid which contains feedstock is introduced into the reactor in a manner to produce another axially moving vortex internal to the combustion gas vortex with both of these vortices passed through a combustion zone to produce carbon black. In embodiments of the invention, method and apparatus for producing a vortex of feedstock, a vortex of cooling air interfaced with axially flowing feedstock, or combined vortices of feedstock and cooling air.Type: GrantFiled: April 30, 1980Date of Patent: March 23, 1982Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventor: Paul J. Cheng
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Patent number: 4315901Abstract: Carbon black having a tint residual of less than about -5 is produced by injecting a feedstock axially into a vortex flow, oil furnace carbon black reactor having a cylindrical precombustion zone and a frustoconical converging zone.Type: GrantFiled: July 24, 1980Date of Patent: February 16, 1982Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventors: Paul J. Cheng, King L. Mills
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Patent number: 4299797Abstract: Carbon black is produced in a reactor by introducing a carbonaceous feed material into one end of the reactor. One or more streams of hot gases are introduced in a direction generally tangential to the side wall of the precombustion zone of the reactor and in a plane generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the reactor to supply heat to decompose the feed material to produce carbon black. This operation is continued until the pressure drop across the reactor reaches a preselected higher value. Thereafter, the stream or streams of hot gases are introduced tangentially to the side wall of the precombustion zone but with each stream being in a respective plane at an angle less than 90.degree. to the longitudinal axis of the reactor and in a downstream direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the reactor so as to reduce the pressure drop to a lower value.Type: GrantFiled: July 21, 1980Date of Patent: November 10, 1981Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventor: Paul J. Cheng
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Patent number: 4206192Abstract: In a carbon black reactor having at least one combustion zone opening into a reaction zone, each combustion zone has opening thereinto, in a generally tangential direction, quench fluid inlet means operably connected to a source of quench fluid. The quench fluid is introduced into the combustion zone to control the temperature of the combustion gases to a desired temperature before the combustion gases are introduced into the reaction zone. Control means is provided for controlling the quench fluid input in response to the temperature of the combustion gases.Type: GrantFiled: November 3, 1977Date of Patent: June 3, 1980Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventor: Oliver K. Austin
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Patent number: 4198469Abstract: A process for manufacturing oil furnace carbon black in which all or a portion of the combustion air is swirled just prior to contacting the fuel. The portion of total air which is swirled is adjustable so as to provide a predetermined, controlled Swirl Ratio in order to control the structure of the resulting carbon black.Type: GrantFiled: December 30, 1977Date of Patent: April 15, 1980Assignee: Continental Carbon CompanyInventors: Karel R. Dahmen, John M. Clay
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Patent number: 4195068Abstract: Carbon black low in coke and grit is produced at a higher hourly rate and higher yield per unit of oil employed in a furnace black reactor using a burner-injector combination for the production of heat energy and for the injection of very fine drops of carbon forming material (feed/stock) by a process which uses a reactor with a restriction mixing the liquid carbon black forming material supplied through an inner tube of the burner-injector combination with a gaseous atomizing medium supplied from a jacket tube surrounding this inner tube, the jacket tube being conically tapered before an exit nozzle, said mixing occurring just before the exit nozzle, the outermost fuel gas jacket being so provided with relatively few gas openings that the fuel gas pressure at the burner amounts to over 1.5 atmospheres absolute and the fuel gas exit speed is over 320 meters per second.Type: GrantFiled: December 27, 1978Date of Patent: March 25, 1980Assignee: Deutsche Gold- und Silber-Scheideanstalt vormals RoesslerInventors: Lothar Rothbuhr, Gehard Kuhner, Gunther Dittrich
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Patent number: 4105750Abstract: This disclosure relates to an improved furnace process for preparing carbon blacks, especially semi-reinforcing furnace blacks, by the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbonaceous feedstocks wherein the structure characteristics of the resultant blacks are lowered without significantly increasing the particle size of the blacks.Type: GrantFiled: November 22, 1976Date of Patent: August 8, 1978Assignee: Cabot CorporationInventors: John H. Horn, William R. Morehead, Ronald C. Hurst, Dennis J. Potter, Clyde D. Schaub
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Patent number: 4085197Abstract: A carbon black process is disclosed wherein a hydrocarbon feedstock is axially introduced into a tubular reactor at one end, carbon black-bearing smoke is withdrawn at the other end, a first vortex of hot combustion gases is created around the hydrocarbon feedstream, and wherein a second vortex is created upstream with respect to the first vortex, said second vortex being created under such conditions as to exert an aspirating effect on the gases of the first vortex so that an axial prolongation of the zone of hot combustion gases of the first vortex moving around the hydrocarbon feedstream is created upstream of the first vortex. A reactor shaped to carry out said process is also disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: June 24, 1976Date of Patent: April 18, 1978Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventor: Paul J. Cheng
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Patent number: 4072468Abstract: An apparatus for producing carbon black by pyrolytic decomposition of coal with hot combustion gases. In a cylindrically shaped vertical reactor coal is tangentially introduced, thus establishing a helically flowing mass of pulverized coal. This mass is contacted with hot combustion gases. Fine ashes are withdrawn from the upper portion of the reactor at the periphery and coarse ashes are withdrawn from the lower portion of the reactor from the periphery. Carbon black-containing gases are withdrawn from the area of the vertical axis of the reactor overhead.Type: GrantFiled: June 3, 1976Date of Patent: February 7, 1978Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventor: Paul J. Cheng
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Patent number: 4065265Abstract: An injection assembly for introducing a plurality of laterally spaced sprays of a normally liquid hydrocarbon feedstock into the cracking zone of a carbon black furnace.Type: GrantFiled: June 11, 1976Date of Patent: December 27, 1977Assignee: Ashland Oil, Inc.Inventor: Gary A. Chesnutt
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Patent number: 4014654Abstract: An apparatus for producing an extended structure SRF carbon black having good rubber reinforcing properties is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a unique burner which supplies combustion fuel gases in two separate areas of the burner and permits selective regulation of the respective amounts of fuel gas in the air and additional fuel gas. The burner can be used to make an extended structure SRF carbon black or other grades of carbon black in the same furnace merely by changing the amounts of fuel gas and additional fuel gas.Type: GrantFiled: February 18, 1975Date of Patent: March 29, 1977Assignee: J. M. Huber CorporationInventor: Ronald Lee Howell
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Patent number: 3998934Abstract: Carbon black is produced in a generally cylindrical reactor in which a hydrocarbon feed oil is introduced at one end generally along the axis of the reactor. A gaseous fuel and oxygen are introduced in directions generally parallel to the axis of the reactor to surround the feed oil. Inert gases are introduced into the reactor to surround the central core. Properties of the carbon black can be regulated by introducing the oxygen at a relatively high velocity and adjusting the rate at which the inert gases are introduced.Type: GrantFiled: July 3, 1974Date of Patent: December 21, 1976Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventor: John W. Vanderveen
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Patent number: 3975504Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing carbon black by pyrolytic decomposition of coal with hot combustion gases. In a cylindrically shaped vertical reactor coal is tangentially introduced, thus establishing a helically flowing mass of pulverized coal. This mass is contacted with hot combustion gases. Fine ashes are withdrawn from the upper portion of the reactor at the periphery and coarse ashes are withdrawn from the lower portion of the reactor from the periphery. Carbon black-containing gases are withdrawn from the area of the vertical axis of the reactor overhead.Type: GrantFiled: June 2, 1975Date of Patent: August 17, 1976Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventor: Paul J. Cheng
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Patent number: 3972986Abstract: A method of producing carbon black wherein a reaction mixture consisting essentially of hydrocarbon feed and gases introduced into a first zone are passed into a second zone having a diameter greater than the diameter of the first zone at a temperature proximate the pyrolytic decomposition temperature of the hydrocarbon feed.Type: GrantFiled: June 4, 1973Date of Patent: August 3, 1976Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventor: Glenn J. Forseth
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Patent number: 3952087Abstract: This disclosure relates to an improved furnace process for preparing carbon blacks by the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbonaceous feedstocks wherein the resultant blacks have higher structure characteristics than the carbon blacks normally prepared from the feedstocks.Type: GrantFiled: September 13, 1974Date of Patent: April 20, 1976Assignee: Cabot CorporationInventors: Randolph Antonsen, Allan Clark Morgan, Roger T. Ball, Ronald C. Hurst, Dennis J. Potter, Robert I. Wood
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Patent number: RE28974Abstract: A process is provided for making high-quality carbon blacks at unusually good yields in a highly compact reaction space. The key steps of the process are the generation of a very hot combustion gas stream moving at very high speed in essentially plug flow by burning a hydrocarbon gas in oxygen in a compact combustion zone under conditions of very high heat release assuring the attainment of temperatures of over 3,000.degree. F., and the transverse injection into said highspeed combustion stream from the periphery thereof of a plurality of individual streams of liquid hydrocarbon make, each of which is injected under sufficient pressure to cause same to enter said high-speed combustion stream at a linear velocity of more than about 100 fett per second. Preferably, a highly oxygen-enriched oxidant is used to burn the hydrocarbon gas.Type: GrantFiled: November 2, 1973Date of Patent: September 21, 1976Assignee: Cabot CorporationInventors: Allan C. Morgan, Merrill E. Jordan