Abstract: The present disclosure relates, according to some embodiments to a method for steel production, the method comprising forming a hydrogen and a carbon from a natural gas using thermal plasma electrolysis; reducing iron ore fines with the H2 to form an iron briquette; melting the briquette iron from the furnace to form a melted iron and melted non-metallic slag; separating the non-metallic slag from the melted iron in the furnace; combining the carbon and the melted iron in a furnace to form a carbon black and iron mixture; and alloying the melted iron with the carbon black to form a steel.

Abstract: Undesirable components of traditional coking processes are selectively cracked or coked in the coking vessel by injecting an additive into the vapors in the coking vessel. The additive contains catalyst(s), seeding agent(s), excess reactant(s), quenching agent(s), carrier(s), or any combination thereof to modify reaction kinetics to preferentially crack (or coke) these undesirable components that typically have a high propensity to coke, and are often precursors to coke in the coking process. These undesirable components can also be very problematic in downstream catalytic cracking processes, significantly contributing to coke on catalyst and catalyst deactivation. Exemplary embodiments of the present invention also provide methods to (1) decrease coke production, (2) increase liquid transportation fuels, (3) control the coke crystalline structure, and (4) control the quantity and quality of volatile combustible materials (VCMs) in the resulting coke.

Abstract: There is provided a process of producing carbon black and generating energy. The process includes converting a carbon black-yielding material supply into reaction product material. The reaction product material includes gaseous product material and solid particulate matter. The solid particulate matter includes carbon black. At least a fraction of the carbon black is recovered, and at least a fraction of the gaseous product material is combusted and used to effect generation of energy.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube synthesis process apparatus comprises a reaction tube in which a reaction field is formed, and a discharge pipe (32) arranged downstream of the reaction tube and discharging carbon nanotubes to the outside. A plurality of nozzles (34) are provided on the sidewall of the discharge pipe (32) in directions which are deflected with respect to the center (O) of the discharge pipe (32). When gases are discharged from the plurality of nozzles (34), a swirl flowing from the inner side surface along the inner side surface is produced in the discharge pipe (32). Adhesion of carbon nanotubes to the inner side surface of the discharge pipe (32) is prevented by the swirl flow and thus the apparatus can be operated continuously.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus for synthesizing carbon nanotubes, the apparatus including a reaction tube that provides a space for carbon nanotubes and is formed vertically long, a heating unit that is formed at the outer side of the reaction tube, and heats the reaction tube, a gas-supply unit that sprays reaction gas for synthesizing the carbon nanotubes by reacting with catalysts positioned inside the reaction tube, an exhaustion unit that is connected to the upper portion of the reaction tube, and discharges non-reacted reaction gas for synthesizing the carbon nanotubes, and a blocking unit that is formed inside the reaction tube, discharges only the non-reacted reaction gas for synthesizing the carbon nanotubes to the exhaustion unit, and blocks the discharge of the carbon nanotubes and catalysts, in which the cross-section of the blocking unit is divided in a plurality of polygon structures, and downward-slanted blocking wings are formed at each divided cell.

Abstract: A method is described for producing a hydrogen-containing gas mixture from a suitable hydrocarbon-containing feed gas in a reformer, wherein at least part of the feed gas is diverted before it enters the reformer and is supplied to at least one secondary reformer, and wherein the feed gas is contacted with a nanostructured catalyst in the secondary reformer and the substantially CO and CO2 -free exhaust gases of the secondary reformer are either combined with the hydrogen-containing gas mixture which escapes the reformer or introduced into the reformer. Furthermore there is described the use of this method for producing high quality soots, nanoonions, nanohorns, nanofibers and/or nanotubes which adhere to the catalyst, and a device for producing a hydrogen-containing gas mixture from a suitable feed gas in a reformer which comprises a supply line with a super-heated-vapor line joining said supply line, and a discharge line.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel composite metal oxide catalyst, a method of making the catalyst, and a process for producing synthesis gas using the catalyst. The catalyst may be a nickel and cobalt based dual-active component composite metal oxide catalyst. The catalyst may be used to produce synthesis gas by the carbon dioxide reforming reaction of methane. The catalyst on an anhydrous basis after calcinations has the empirical formula: M a m + ? N b n + ? Al c 3 + ? Mg d 2 + ? O ( am 2 + bn 2 + 3 2 ? c + d ) Mm+ and Nn+ are two transition metals serving as dual-active components and selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Mo, Cu, Zn or mixtures thereof, a+b+c+d=1, and 0.001?a?0.8, 0.001?b?0.8, 0.1?c?0.99, 0.01?d?0.99.

Abstract: A nanocarbon generation equipment designed such that organic processed materials can be quickly thermally decomposed therein and the decomposed materials are then quenched and liquefied to obtain liquefied materials is disclosed. This equipment comprises thermal reactor for quickly thermally decomposing the organic processed materials, apparatus for recovering the liquefied materials which are liquefied through quenching of thermally decomposed organic processed materials, a rotary furnace to be filled with a reducing atmosphere and loaded with hydrocarbons to be obtained through vaporization of liquefied materials after impurities contained in the liquefied materials are removed, and metal balls made of a metal selected from stainless steel, iron, nickel, chromium and an optional combination thereof, wherein the hydrocarbon introduced into the rotary furnace is decomposed into carbon and hydrogen, thus enabling nanocarbon to be produced through vapor-phase growth.

Abstract: A carbon fiber having a total content of Li, Na, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ni and Co metal elements of no more than 50 ppm and a fiber diameter of 0.001 to 2 ?m and not branched and a assembly of a plurality of the carbon fibers.

Abstract: Off-gas from a carbon black furnace is employed as a combustion gas feed stream to the burner or combustion zone of the same or a different carbon black furnace in accordance with certain embodiments, suitable conduit and valving is provided to pass off-gas, from which carbon black has been substantially removed, from any and all of multiple different carbon black furnaces to the burner. The off-gas is heated, preferably by plasma heating, and dewatered. Carbon dioxide stripping or rather stripping of gas components from the dewatered heated off-gas is found to be unnecessary to achieve economically favorable use of off-gas recirculation.

Abstract: A method is described for producing a hydrogen-containing gas mixture from a suitable hydrocarbon-containing feed gas in a reformer, wherein at least part of the feed gas is diverted before it enters the reformer and is supplied to at least one secondary reformer, and wherein the feed gas is contacted with a nanostructured catalyst in the secondary reformer and the substantially CO and CO2-free exhaust gases of the secondary reformer are either combined with the hydrogen-containing gas mixture which escapes the reformer or introduced into the reformer. Furthermore, there is described the use of this method for producing high-quality soots, nanoonions, nanohorns, nanofibers and/or nanotubes which adhere to the catalyst, and a device for producing a hydrogen-containing gas mixture from a suitable feed gas in a reformer (1) which comprises a supply line (a) with a superheated-vapor line (b) joining said supply line, and a discharge line (c).

Abstract: What is disclosed herein deals with low to medium pressure, high temperature, all ceramic, air-to-air, indirect heat exchangers, novel ball joints, high load-bearing ceramic tube sheets, and tube seal extenders for ceramic tubes that are useful in such heat exchangers. Also disclosed are new and novel systems used in new and novel industrial processes such as chemical processing, sludge destruction and the production of particulates such as, for example, carbon black. Systems utilizing several heat exchangers are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for introducing a fluid stream into a carbon black reactor and for producing carbon black. According to the present invention a fluid stream comprising an oxidant; nitrogen, hydrogen a hydrocarbonaceous material or mixtures thereof is introduced into the effluent flowing through a carbon black reactor in an axial direction.

Abstract: A process for preparing carbon fibrils by contacting a source of carbon with a supported catalyst that includes at least one multivalent transition metal having a size of about 35 to 700 A deposited on an inorganic substrate having a size of up to about 400 microns.

Abstract: A process for preparing carbon fibrils by contacting a source of carbon with a supported catalyst that includes at least one multivalent transition metal having a size of about to 700 A deposited on an inorganic substrate having a size up to about 400 microns.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for introducing a fluid stream into a carbon black reactor and for producing carbon black. According to the present invention a fluid stream comprising an oxidant; nitrogen, hydrogen a hydrocarbonaceous material or mixtures thereof is introduced into the effluent flowing through a carbon black reactor in an axial direction.

Abstract: A decomposition reactor for installation in connection with a thermal decomposition chamber for hydrocarbon gases, especially a plasma torch, is designed in the form of a defined, insulated chamber, with an inlet for admixtures/gases in the walls of the reactor space. In order to improve the control of the products produced, the supply channels in the walls of the reactor are provided with channels for introducing hydrocarbon gases of the same kind as the main medium introduced at a temperature of between 1,000 and 2,000.degree. C. in the upper region of the space. Hydrocarbon gas of a lower temperature is introduced at one or more points further down in the reactor. A method for the operation of such a decomposition reactor for the production of carbon black with defined physical properties, is also described.

Abstract: Granulated acetylene black having a bead strength of at least 5 g/grain, a bulk density of at least 0.2 g/cm.sup.3 and a grit content of at most 10 ppm.

Abstract: In a method for decomposition of hydrocarbons for the production of hydrogen and carbon black, the feed stock is passed through a plasma torch, which causes a pyrolytic decomposition of the feed stock. The feed stock is transported through the plasma torch (A) in a cooled lead-in tube (1) and undergoes a first heating in an area in the immediate vicinity of the plasma flame. The material thereby produced is passed on to one or more subsequent stages where the final and complete decomposition of the hydrocarbons to carbon black and hydrogen occurs. In this area further raw material may be added which causes quenching and reacts with the already produced carbon black. An increase is thereby caused in particle size, density and amount produced without further energy supply, whereafter the products produced are expelled and separated and hot gas may be transported in a return pipe to the torch, in order to further increase the energy yield.

Abstract: Provided is a method for the reduction of electrode consumption in plasma torches during the processing and decomposition of hydrocarbons for the production of carbon black and hydrogen where hydrogen is supplied to the plasma torch as a plasma forming gas.

Abstract: A process for simultaneously producing carbon black and hydrogen, wherein ethylene is fed into a reaction system having a temperature of 400.degree. C. or above and a pressure of not less than 5 kg/cm.sup.2 in an inert atmosphere in the presence of a nickel catalyst to decompose ethylene according to the following formula:C.sub.2 H.sub.4 .increment.2C+2H.sub.

Abstract: Carbon blacks containing silicon and a process for manufacturing them. The carbon blacks containing silicon are suitable as reinforcing carbon blacks for rubber mixtures and give the latter viscoelastic properties such as reduced rolling resistance in tires. At the same time, the wet traction is even improved in the process.

Abstract: A process for the production of methanol from natural gas containing methane comprising the thermal decomposition of methane and the subsequent reaction of the resulting hydrogen gas with carbon dioxide in a catalyst containing methanol synthesis reactor to produce methanol. Alternative methods include the gasification with carbon dioxide of at least a portion of the carbon produced by the decomposing step, to produce carbon monoxide, which is then reacted with hydrogen gas to produce methanol; or the reforming of a portion of the natural gas feedstock used in the decomposing step with carbon dioxide to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas, which carbon monoxide and hydrogen are then combined with additional hydrogen from the natural gas decomposing step in a methanol synthesis reactor to produce methanol. The methods taught reduce the overall amount of carbon dioxide resulting from the methanol production process.

Abstract: In order to enrich natural gas or other hydrocarbon gases with hydrogen, thus reducing the carbon content and thereby achieving a reduction or elimination of the discharge of carbon dioxide during combustion of the gases, a pyrolytic process is conducted in the feed stream for the natural gases or hydrocarbon gases which are to be burned. The gas is passed through a reactor in which it is decomposed at least partially into a carbon constituent and a hydrogen constituent. The carbon constituent is removed to a desired level. Any remaining constituent together with the hydrogen constituent is conveyed to the combustion process while the removed carbon constituent is conveyed out of the process for separate application. The pyrolytic process can be carried out on the entire stream or only a partial stream.

Abstract: Layered carbon-carbon composites having improved interlaminar tensile strength are disclosed together with a process for making such composites. A metal catalyst is first deposited on a panel comprising a plurality of layers of carbon fiber cloth. The panel is then exposed to a gaseous hydrocarbon in an inert atmosphere at elevated temperature in order to promote the growth of graphite whiskers between the carbon cloth layers.

Abstract: For producing carbon black material having a surface area of less than 5 m.sup.2 /g, a dibutyl phthalate absorption of less than 30 ml/100 g and density compressed to 1.5-1.7 g/cm.sup.3 and a specific electrical resistance of less than 0.1 ohmcm for use as an anode material for aluminum production, a method includes a first stage delivering feedstock through a feed tube to a plasma torch to a reaction area to raise the temperature of the feedstock to about 1600.degree. C., then passing the dehydrogenated carbon material to a second stage to complete the decomposition to carbon black and hydrogen; adding additional raw material to cause quenching and reaction with formed carbon black to increase particle size density and quantity produced.

Abstract: This invention relates to fibrils. It more particularly refers to carbon/graphite fibrils and to an improved process for producing such. Carbon fibrils as used herein means graphitic fibrils having high surface area, high Young's modulus of elasticity and high tensile strength which are grown catalytically from available sources of carbon.

Abstract: A composite diamond grain which comprises a heat-resistant grain as a nucleus and discrete diamond crystal particles distributed on the surface of the grain or diamond crystal films formed to cover the entire surface of the grain and a method for producing the composite diamond grain by the vapor-phase process are disclosed. For the filament method which is one form of the vapor-phase method, tantalum is useful as the material for the filament. Since tantalum is susceptible of embrittlement by hydrogen, a treatment to be performed on tantalum for the elimination of this drawback is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing carbon black by means of a horizontal carbon black production furnace having a first reaction zone in which a mixture of an oxygen-containing gas and a fuel is burned to form a high temperature gas stream, a second reaction zone in which a hydrocarbon feedstock is supplied and reacted with the high temperature gas stream formed in the first reaction zone, and a third reaction zone in which quenching water is sprayed into the gas mixture from the second reaction zone to terminate the reaction, wherein the second reaction zone is constructed to have a hollow cylindrical structure with at least two cylindrical sections having different inner diameters connected to one another and the hydrocarbon feedstock is divided for supply so that it is supplied to at least two locations including an upstream cylindrical section to which the hydrocarbon feedstock is first supplied and a cylindrical section located downstream thereof and so that the flow velocities of gases passing through the respectiv

Abstract: A method of producing vapor growth carbon fibers which are grown in a rection space by thermally decomposing gaseous hydrocarbon and by using transition metal fine particles as the catalyst, wherein the reaction space is filled with ceramic granules which serve as a radiation heat transfer medium and are moved to prevent an intermingling of the growing carbon fibers, so that the grown carbon fibers are conveyed from the reaction space by a gas stream.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a carbon black having an N.sub.2 SA of 75 to 105 m.sup.2 /g and a compressive DBP absorption of at least 110 ml/100 g and, at the same time, having the following selective characteristic values:true specific gravity.ltoreq.1.9080-0.0016.times.N.sub.2 SA;void diameter of particle aggregates (nm).gtoreq.62.2-0.236.times.N.sub.2 SA; andrange of aggregate size distribution [.DELTA.Dst (nm)].gtoreq.30.6+0.6118.times.Dst.

Abstract: There is disclosed carbon black for a tire tread which has a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide specific surface area (CTAB) of 120 to 160 M.sup.2 /g, a dibutly phthalate absorption number of compressed sample (24M4DBP) of at least 100 to 145 ml/100g, a tinting strength (Tint) of 100 to 150%, and such a value Ma defined by the following equation (1) as to satisfy the relationship expressed by the following formula (2): ##EQU1## wherein N.sub.2 SA is a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (m.sup.2 /g), and Dst is the equivalent Stokes diameter (nm) at the maximum absorbance of the distribution curve of aggregates determined by the centrifugal classification method, and psMa.gtoreq.1.7-0.005 [CTAB]TM . . . (2).

Abstract: There is provided a process for producing graphite whiskers by supplying a carbon source compound with a carrier gas into a heating zone in a reactor and decomposing the carbon source compound in a gas phase in the presence of a catalyst, characterized in that the catalyst comprises ultrafine particles of a transition metal which have been obtained by the gas-phase thermal decomposition of a carbonyl compound of a transition metal in the presence of at least one organic compound containing oxygen and/or sulfur.

Abstract: Carbon black is produced from a pyrolyzed hydrocarbon wherein pyrolysis is effected by combusting a synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The synthesis gas is produced from reforming a hydrocarbon fuel, wherein the reformation is heated by combusting carbon black effluent tail gas or indirect heat exchange of the hot tail gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to physical chemistry.The material is made as a three-dimensional matrix with a pore volume of from 0.2 to 1.7 cm.sup.3 /g. The matrix is formed by bent layers of carbon of 100-10,000 .ANG. thickness and 100-10000 .ANG. radius of curvature. The true density of the material according to the present invention is 1.80-2.10 g/cm.sup.3, its X-ray density is 2.112-2.236 g/cm.sup.3, the pore size distribution has its maximum within the range of 200-2,000 .ANG..The present invention can be useful in, for example, in the production of catalysts.

Abstract: A process for producing carbon black by thermally decomposing a hydrocarbon starting material in a production furnace by introducing the starting material to a high temperature zone heated by a high temperature combustion gas formed by burning a fuel and an oxygen-containing gas by a high temperature combustion gas-generating burner, characterized in that an alkali metal compound and/or alkaline earth metal compound is (A) introduced from alkali burner, burner specially itemed for ionizing the alkali metal compound and/or alkaline earth metal compound, set independently from said high temperature combustion gas-generating burner, for burning a mixture of a fuel and an oxygen-containing gas, or (B) ionized in an ionizing furnace specially itemed for ionizing the alkali metal compound and/or alkaline earth metal compound, and then introduced to the production furnace.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing carbon fibers in a gaseous phase reaction comprising introducing a gas mixture comprising at least one carbon compound, at least one inorganic transition metal compound gas and at least one carrier gas into a reactor and subjecting the mixture to a temperature of 600.degree. C. to 1300.degree. C. in the reactor for inducing growth of carbon fibers.

Abstract: In production of a diaphragm for acoustic appliances, a thin metal layer is formed on a substrate by means of vapor phase development so that the density of the product should be high enough for generating high sound pressure even in the high frequency range.

Abstract: A graphite intercalation compound enjoying high stability is produced by a method characterized by using a previously synthesized acceptor type graphite intercalation compound as a raw material and intercalating therein a substance different from the substance intercalated in the graphite intercalation compound and capable of forming an acceptor type graphite intercalation compound.The representative substance to the newly intercalated in the production mentioned above is a metal halide selected from the group consisting of ferric chloride, cupric chloride, aluminum chloride, cobalt chloride, nickel chloride, calcium chloride, barium chloride, silver chloride, zinc chloride, zirconium chloride, molybdenum chloride, tantalum chloride, and hafnium chloride.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the production of vapor-deposited carbon fibres wherein a gaseous or vaporized hydrocarbon which is entrained by a carrier gas is pyrolyzed on a substrate in a flow reactor at a temperature of between 950.degree. and 1300.degree. C. in two successive stages, a germination stage and a growth stage.The process comprises the following steps:preparing a gaseous mixture comprising from 50 to 90% and preferably from 85 to 65% by volume of hydrogen and/or helium and from 10 to 40% and preferably from 15 to 35% by volume of methane;circulating the mixture in the reactor over a substrate comprising from 10.sup.-8 to 10.sup.-4 g/cm.sup.2 of a catalyst selected from iron, nickel, cobalt and alloys thereof;initiating germination and growth of the carbon fibres in respect of length at a temperature t1 which is stabilized at between 950.degree. and 1050.degree. C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel high color carbon black having an electron microscope surface area over 250 m.sup.2 /g and a nitrogen adsorption surface area between about 240 and about 500 m.sup.2 /g and a novel furnace carbon black having an electron microscope surface area above 250 m.sup.2 /g and a nitrogen adsorption surface area below about 800 sq. m/g. Also disclosed is a process for making these high color carbon blacks comprising feeding into a carbon black reactor a carbonaceous feed which is cracked at a high temperature to produce carbon black, wherein the reaction producing carbon black is at least quenched partially by contacting the reaction products directly with an auxiliary fuel taken from the group comprising a high BTU gas and a vaporizable hydrocarbon oil.

Abstract: Submicron iron nuclei for growing graphite fibers by pyrolysis of a gaseous hydrocarbon compound, preferably methane, are formed by controlled decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl vapors.

Abstract: A process for producing carbon black by a furnace method wherein carbon black is produced in a reaction system comprising a first zone where a mixture of a fuel hydrocarbon and an oxygen-containing gas is burned to form a high temperature combustion gas atmosphere, and a starting oil material is continuously supplied to the high temperature combustion gas atmosphere, and a second zone, as a down-stream zone subsequent to the first zone, where a carbon black-suspended hot gas formed in the first zone flows in and is rapidly cooled, characterized in that carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide and steam are supplied to the first zone and/or the second zone to bring the carbon dioxide concentration in the second zone within a range of from 15 to 70% by volume, and the retention time of the carbon black-suspended hot gas in the second zone is at least 0.2 second.

Abstract: A highly electroconductive carbonaceous film having an electrical conductivity of at least about 1000 s/cm is prepared by thermally decomposing a diethynylbenzene in a carrier gas composed of an inert gas at a temperature of about 950.degree. C. to about 1050.degree. C.

Abstract: An improved procedure is provided for increasing the electrical conductivity of graphite via intercalation. It has been found that fully halogenated hydrocarbons (as described) have the ability to substantially aid the intercalation of graphite by previously known intercalant mixtures of (a) fluorosulfonic acid, chlorosulfonic acid, or mixtures thereof, and (b) a boron trihalide, a tetrahalide of a Group IV element, a pentahalide of a Group V element, or mixtures thereof. The presence of a fully halogenated hydrocarbon, such as carbon tetrachloride, during the graphite intercalation reaction has been found to expedite the rate at which intercalation takes place and possibly enables the achievement of a greater electrical conductivity than would have otherwise been obtained. In a preferred embodiment the graphite carbon is present within a carbonaceous fibrous material at the time of its intercalation and the resulting product is substantially electrically oriented along the axis of the fiber.

Abstract: An improved procedure is provided for increasing the electrical conductivity of graphite via intercalation. It has been found that sulfur trioxide has the ability to substantially aid the intercalation of graphite by previously known intercalants such as (a) fluorosulfonic acid, chlorosulfonic acid, or mixtures thereof, (b) a boron trihalide, a tetrahalide of a Group IV element, a pentahalide of a Group V element, or mixtures thereof, and (c) mixtures of (a) and (b). Such presence of sulfur trioxide during the graphite intercalation reaction has been found to expedite the rate at which intercalation takes place and possibly enables the achievement of a greater electrical conductivity than would have otherwise been obtained. In a preferred embodiment the graphitic carbon is present within a carbonaceous fibrous material at the time of its intercalation and the resulting product is substantially electrically oriented along the axis of the fiber.

Abstract: Granular acetylene black excellent in dispersibility in rubber, plastic, and the like and conductivity-endowing effect and scarce in dust scattering. The granular acetylene black is made from acetylene black wherein the half-width of the 1355 cm.sup.-1 band in the Raman spectrum is 55 cm.sup.-1 or less and the amount of iodine adsorbed is 95 mg/g or more. The method for making the granular acetylene black comprises granulating the above acetylene black using ion exchange water as a wetting agent, drying the granulated acetylene black at temperatures below 300.degree. C., and selecting particles whose hardness is less than 5 g/particle.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for intercalating small graphite flakes with a metal halide. Graphite and a metal halide are placed in two chambers 12, 14 of a rotary vapor transport reactor assembly 10 and heated. The reactor is charged with a halogen gas and rotated by motor 24 during synthesis to produce a homogenous and uniform intercalated product.

Abstract: A method for converting methane to acetylene is disclosed wherein a hydrocarbon fuel is compressed, an oxygen-containing gas is introduced into a portion of the compressed hydrocarbon fuel and ignited to produce heat which causes the remaining portion of the hydrocarbon fuel to react to form a product gas containing acetylene.

Abstract: A process of preparing carbon fibers in a floating state by reacting a mixed gas consisted of a gas of organic metal compound or compounds, a carrier gas and desirably a gas of carbon compound or compounds at the elevated temperature of 600.degree. to 1300.degree. C. is disclosed, in which the fine carbon fibers having a diameter of 0.05 to 2 .mu.m, a length of 2 to 3000 .mu.m and an aspect ratio of 2 to 30,000 as well as a high degree of preferred orientation of carbon layers may be produced in a high yield and a high productivity.