Abstract: Hazardous and carcinogenic asbestos waste characterized by a crystalline fibrous structure is transformed into non-carcinogenic, relatively nonhazardous, and non-crystalline solid compounds and gaseous compounds which have commercial utilization. The asbestos waste is so transformed by the complete fluorination of the crystalline fibrous silicate mineral defining the asbestos.

Abstract: A process for recycling spent potlining material from aluminum reduction cells contaminated with fluoride and aluminum values. The process comprises first reducing the average particle size of the spent potlining material to smaller than 28 Tyler mesh to form a powder. The powder is then treated with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution containing about 10 to 60 g/L of sodium hydroxide at a temperature in the range of between 60.degree. and 90.degree. C. to form a solution containing fluoride and sodium aluminate and a residual solid. The solution is removed from the residual solid and the content of NaOH is adjusted in the solution to the range of about 10 to 60 g/L of NaOH, if the content differs from this range, to produce a solution suitable for cyanide destruction. This solution is then heated to a temperature in the range of about 160.degree. to 220.degree. C. at a pressure in the range of about 150 to 350 p.s.i. for a time of between about 1/2 and 3 hours to destroy cyanide values in the solution.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for recovering arsenic acid from a starting mixture comprising sulfuric and arsenic acids and water. In step (a), the starting mixture is treated with a sulfur (IV) compound which will reduce the arsenic acid to arsenic (III) compound under conditions sufficient to substantially convert the arsenic acid to arsenic (III) wherein the resulting mixture comprises arsenic (III) compound, the sulfur (IV) compound, sulfuric acid, and water. In step (b), the resulting mixture is purged with gas to substantially remove the sulfur (IV) compound from the mixture wherein the purged mixture comprises the arsenic (III) compounds, sulfuric acid, and water. In step (c), the purged mixture is treated under conditions sufficient to substantially separate the arsenic (III) compounds from the purged mixture.

Abstract: New crystalline phases of the fluoroaluminum compounds NH.sub.4 AlF.sub.4 and AlF.sub.3 and processes for their preparation are disclosed.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for cleaning a gas containing a nitrogen fluoride especially nitrogen trifluoride as the harmful component which comprises bringing the gas into contact with a cleaning agent comprising zirconium or a zirconium-based alloy such as Zr-Fe, Zr-Cu, Zr-Ni, Zr-Al, Zr-Mg, Zr-Ca, Zr-Zn, Zr-La and Zr-Ce to remove the harmful component at 100.degree. to 800.degree. C., especially 150.degree. to 500.degree. C. The process is capable of efficiently removing nitrogen fluoride, especially nitrogen trifluoride at a relatively low temperature without generating a harmful byproduct such as nitrogen oxide, and thus exhibits excellent effect on the cleaning of exhaust gas from semiconductor manufacturing process, etc.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for purifying industrial anhydrous hydrogen fluoride by means of oxygen difluoride.

Abstract: Process for the recovery of aluminum and fluoride values from spent pot lining materials comprising the steps of calcining spent pot lining material to produce an ash having environmentally acceptable levels of cyanide contamination, subjecting the ash to a leaching step in a solution containing a mineral acid and a corresponding aluminum salt in such proportions as to dissolve the aluminum and fluoride values, and subjecting the leached liquid to thermal hydrolysis to cause precipitation of an aluminum fluoride product.

Abstract: Semiconductor grade tungsten hexafluoride (WF.sub.6) is produced by reacting tungsten metal with a recirculating flow of gaseous WF.sub.6 containing a small concentration of fluorine in a heated reactor. The high purity WF.sub.6 produced is useful for deposition of tungsten metallization in fabricating VLSI integrated circuitry.

Abstract: A method is provided for recovering an anhydrous hydrogen fluoride product from uranium hexafluoride gas by initially reacting the uranium hexafluoride in a primary reactor with steam to produce a uranyl fluoride intermediate and a gaseous mixture of hydrogen fluoride and water. The uranyl fluoride intermediate is fed to a secondary reactor and reacted with water to produce a triuranium octoxide product for disposal, and a gaseous mixture of water, hydrogen fluoride and oxygen. The two mixtures from the primary and secondary reactors are combined and subsequently separated in a distillation column to obtain an anhydrous hydrogen fluoride product stream and an aqueous azeotropic recycle stream containing water and hydrogen fluoride which is vaporized and returned to the primary reactor as the steam feed.

Abstract: Compositions and methods which are effective to treat benign gynecological disorders for extended periods of time in women in who the risk of endometrial stimulation is minimized or absent are described, wherein an effective amount of a gonadotropin hormone releasing hormone composition and an effective amount of an estrogenic composition are provided over a period of time, optionally with addition of an androgenic composition.

Abstract: In a process utilizing steam, the method of producing at least a portion of said steam includes heating a solid substance so as to generate steam, followed by capturing the generated steam at a pressure greater than one atmosphere gage pressure for use in the process at a pressure greater than one atmosphere gage pressure. Suitable solid substances are aluminum hydrate or aluminum fluoride. New hydrated aluminum containing products and uses for those products are obtained by the use of the process.

Abstract: A process is provided for purifying liquid tungsten hexafluoride containing volatile and non-volatile impurities. The process comprises the steps of evaporating tungsten hexafluoride from non-volatile impurities dissolved in liquid tungsten hexafluoride and condensing the evaporated tungsten hexafluoride. The condensed tungsten hexafluoride is subjected to freezing to solidify the tungsten hexafluoride. Volatile impurities are then evacuated from the solid tungsten hexafluoride. Thereafter, the solid tungsten hexafluoride is thawed to liquid tungsten hexafluoride to release trapped volatile impurities and then heated to a temperature above the boiling point of tungsten hexafluoride under pressure in a closed container. The volatile impurities dissolved in the thawed tungsten hexafluoride are removed and collected above the thawed tungsten hexafluoride and vented into an evacuated space.

Abstract: A radiation wavelength conversion device is implemented in the form of a waveguide that includes a single crystal halide-based cladding layer, and a halide-based active layer. The active layer has a greater refractive index than the cladding layer, is approximately lattice matched with the cladding layer, and includes a dopant that causes it to respond to input radiation at one wavelength by emitting radiation at a different wavelength. The active layer can either form part of a laser resonator cavity, or can operate through spontaneous emission. It is preferably about 3.5-5 microns thick to induce single-mode propagation, and can be divided into separate waveguiding channels to limit beam fanning. The device is operable at room temperature, and can be fabricated using conventional microelectronics techniques.

Abstract: Metal halide compositions of enhanced purity are produced by vapor phase deposition via reactions involving organometallic starting materials in a process wherein a carbon getter is provided in the reaction zone and/or adjacent the developing metal halide deposit. The carbon getter reduces carbon contamination in the product which can result from side decomposition reactions involving the organometallic starting materials.

Abstract: A chemical vapor purification process for preparing metal fluorides. The process involves melting a metal selected from the metals forming fluorides suitable for use in fluoride glass and thermodynamically partitionable from cation contaminants, for example aluminum, gallium, or indium. Chlorine, bromine, or iodine is bubbled through a stoichiometric excess of the melt, under reaction conditions selected to result in generation of a gaseous halide of the metal. The gaseous halide is then isolated from the melt and reacted with a gaseous fluorinating agent to form a solid fluoride of the metal.

Abstract: A method of refining tungsten hexafluoride containing molybdenum hexafluoride as an impurity includes the step of contacting the tungsten hexafluoride with at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Mo, W, Cu, Ni, Fe, Co, Zn, Ti, Al, Ca and Mg at a temperature ranging from 100.degree. to 500.degree. C. Molybdenum hexafluoride is efficiently removed from the tungsten hexafluoride by the method.

Abstract: A compound MF.sub.n, where M is a metal and n is the valency of the metal and has a value between 1 and 6, is subjected to a thermal plasma at a temperature in excess of 3000 K to dissociate it into the metal and fluorine. Also present in the reactor is an added reactant that will react with the metal or the fluorine to prevent their recombination so that there is formed fluorine gas or a fluoride other than the fluoride of the metal M.

Abstract: A colloidal solution comprises a fluoride(s) being difficultly soluble in water comprises colloidal particles of the fluoride having a particle size of 0.005 to 1 micron, said fluoride having a fluoride ion concentration of 1 to 10,000 ppm in the state of saturation.

Abstract: A method of producing an anhydrous niobium or tantalum pentafluoride involving reacting the corresponding pentoxide or oxyhalide with an excess of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride in the presence of a sufficient dehydrating agent (e.g., COCl.sub.2, SOCl.sub.2 or SO.sub.2 Cl.sub.2) to react with any water formed. Such a process is useful to produce a catalyticallyactive anhydrous niobium or tantalum pentafluoride in essentially a single liquid phase reaction step.

Abstract: Feed mixtures containing one or more platinum group metals are fluorinated to form at least one volatile fluoride product which is separated from the residual solid. Separations of different fluorides may be effected by collecting different fractions of volatile fluorides. Palladium does not form a volatile fluoride and is retained in the residual solid.

Abstract: A fluoride glass is prepared by depositing a solid including a metal fluoride on a heated substrate, from a gaseous mixture of a nonmetallo-organic compound, carbon dioxide, and a source of carbonyl fluoride. The nonmetallo-organic compound contains the metallic cation of the metal fluoride bonded to an organic species through an electronegative element such as oxygen, but not directly to a carbon atom. The carbon dioxide, or optionally another species reactive with carbon to produce a gas, oxidizes solid carbon and other reduction products of the organic compound that could otherwise be present in the deposited metal fluoride to impair optical properties of the fluoride glass. The carbonyl fluoride, supplied by the gas itself or by reactants that produce the gas, reacts with the nonmetallo-organic compound without producing water, which would otherwise degrade the glass purity.

Abstract: A process comprising the reaction of an amine.aluminum trichloride complex and a bifluoride compound to produce an aluminum fluoride compound. Exemplary processes include the reaction of AlCl.sub.3.N(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3) and NH.sub.4 HF.sub.2 or NaHF.sub.2 to respectively produce NH.sub.4 AlF.sub.4 or Na.sub.5 Al.sub.3 F.sub.14.

Abstract: Morphologically improved, aggregated, monodispersed rare earth trifluoride particulates having a controlled and narrow grain size distribution, and a mean diameter of less than 1 .mu.m, are prepared by (i) reacting an aqueous solution of a rare earth salt with a solution of ammonium fluoride, (ii) separating the precipitate thus formed, and (iii) heat treating the separated precipitate.

Abstract: High purity metal fluorides (ZrF.sub.4, HfF.sub.4, AlF.sub.3) are produced by incomplete reaction of metal or their compounds with elemental fluorine and subsequent elevated temperature sublimation of the metal fluoride from the reaction products wherein unreacted metal or metal compounds act as "getters" to convert volatile impurity metal fluorides to non-volatile metals or metal compounds.

Abstract: Metal halides are ultrapurified by selective complexation with a complexing gent to form a charged first complex. A ligand forms an oppositely charged second complex with metallic impurities in the metal halide to be purified. A solution containing these complexes is then passed through an ion exchange column and the desired purified metal halide collected. The present method is particularly useful in the production of ultrapure metal halides, such as zirconium fluorinate, for metallic glasses.

Abstract: The method for preparing a gaseous metallic floride is here disclosed which comprises reacting a metal or its oxide with a fluorine gas or nitrogen trifluoride gas, the aforesaid method being characterized by comprising the steps of mixing the metal or its oxide with a molding auxiliary comprising a solid metallic fluoride which does not react with fluorine and nitrogen trifluoride; molding the resulting mixture under pressure; and contacting the molded pieces with the fluorine gas or nitrogen trifluoride gas, while the molded pieces are heated.

Abstract: Improved graphite fluoride fibers are produced by contact reaction between highly graphitized fibers and fluorine gas. It is preferable to intercalate the fibers with bromine or fluorine and metal fluoride prior to fluorination.These graphite fluoride fibers are bound by an epoxy. The resulting composites have high thermal conductivity, high electric resistivity, and high emissivity.

Abstract: Anhydrous ferric fluoride of 99.0% purity or greater, based upon F.sup.- analysis is afforded, as well as a process for its manufacture using anhydrous FeCl.sub.3 and liquid anhydrous HF, reacted in the substantial absence of O.sub.2, H.sub.2 O, or an oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A process is provided wherein tertiary ammonium trichlorosilyl, a complexing tertiary amine, and an alkali metal aluminum tetrahydride are reacted together in molar proportion of about 1:2:3, such that silane and tertiary amine alane are produced. Tertiary ammonium trichlorosilyl may be pre-formed or formed in situ by the reaction of trichlorosilane and tertiary amine. Yields are dramatically higher when the process is conducted in the presence of a tris(polyalkoxyalkyl)amine phase transfer catalyst.A sequential process is also provided for the preparation of silane and aluminum trifluoride. In the first part of this sequence, silane and tertiary amine alane are produced as described above. In the second part of the sequence, silicon tetrafluoride is reacted with the amine alane, producing additional silane and aluminum trifluoride.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a process for opening ores, particularly ores containing tantalum, niobium, zirconium and titanium, of the kind that includes the stages of leaching with mineral acids, solvent extraction, purification and separation of the products obtained, characterized by the fact that initially, instead of leaching with sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid being performed as a first stage, the original ore concentrate is melted together with fluorite (CaF.sub.2), followed by milling of the melting product obtained and subsequently leaching with concentrated sulfuric acid, followed by extraction of the soluble species using solvents, separation and purification of the products obtained.

Abstract: A method for producing titanium fluoride comprises: a dissolution process, wherein iron-containing titanium material is dissolved in solutions containing hydrofluoric acid, fluoride solutions being produced; a first crystallization and separation process, wherein ferric fluoride is crystallized and ferric fluoride crystals thus obtained are separated from the fluoride solutions by cooling the fluoride solutions, crude titanium fluoride solutions being produced; a second crystallization and separation process, wherein a mixed salt of (NH.sub.4).sub.2 TiF.sub.6 and (NH).sub.3 FeF.sub.6 is crystallized and separated by mixing ammonium fluoride solutions with the crude titanium fluoride solutions to obtain a mixture and concentrating the mixture; a first pyrolysis process, wherein the ammonium fluoride salt is pyrolyzed at a temperature of from 300.degree. to 800.degree. C. in a stream of dry gas after having dried the ammonium fluoride, solid ferric fluoride (FeF.sub.3) and gaseous TF.sub.4, HF and NH.sub.

Abstract: Disclosed in a process for recovering aluminum flouride, caustic, and carbon from spent potlining retrieved from an aluminum electrolytic reduction cell. Spent potlining is treated by leaching with a caustic solution to produce a fluoride-rich basic liquor and carbonaceous solid residue followed by contacting the carbonaceous solid with an acid bath of aluminum sulfate and sulfuric acid to produce a fluoride-rich acid liquor.

Abstract: Graphite fluoride in the form of submicron particles is easily obtained at high yield by using, exclusively, acetylene black as the carbon material to be fluorinated with fluorine gas. Use of any other type of carbon black does not give comparable results. Graphite fluoride produced from acetylene black is superior in dispersibility.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of metal fluorides usable for the production of fluoride glasses consists of reacting in an organic liquid medium, such as toluene, (a) a compound of said metal chosen from among the gaseous compounds thereof, the compounds of said metal soluble in the organic liquid medium and the compounds of said metal in solution in an organic solvent miscible with said medium, and (b) a fluorinating agent chosen from among the gaseous fluorinating agents, the fluorinating agents which are partly soluble in the organic medium and the fluorinating agents which are partly soluble in an organic solvent miscible with said medium, to form a fluoride of said metal, the organic liquid medium being such that it reacts neither with the compound of the metal, nor with the fluorinating agent and does not dissolve the fluoride formed. To prepare the zirconium tetrafluoride, it is possible to introduce in toluene, gaseous Zr(BH.sub.4).sub.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for the preparation of ultrapure active metal fluorides of increased purity from their metal oxides by reacting an active metal with a predetermined amount of HF(aq) to form a solid reaction product which is dried under controlled heating to form a hydrated fluoride. This hydrated active metal fluoride is then subjected to reactive atmosphere processing comprising hydrofluoric acid vapor in a CO.sub.2 reactive carrier gas and a selected halide compound in the gas phase for a predetermined period of time to further increase anion purity.

Abstract: This invention relates to a continuous process for the preparation of carbon polymonofluoride.The reaction of fluorine diluted with at least one inert gas with carbon particles is performed in a reaction zone in which the particles travel as a thin layer. Diluted fluorine is introduced into the reaction zone in the form of a plurality of gaseous mixtures delivered at a plurality of points close to the layer of the particles and distributed in the reaction zone. The weight content of fluorine and the flow rate of each of the gaseous mixtures are controlled independently and such that the volume content of fluorine in the gaseous phase at the gaseous phase/particles interface in the vicinity of each of the points is lower than the minimum content causing the inflammation of the particles.For a space time output higher than 10 kg.h.sup.-1 m.sup.

Abstract: Process of using supercritical fluid to selectively separate, purify and recover metal halides.

Abstract: A multistage process for preparing pure BF.sub.3 from hexafluorosilicic acid, H.sub.2 SiF.sub.6, comprises reacting H.sub.2 SiF.sub.6 with oxygen acids of boron and/or boron oxide in the first stage to give hydroxyfluoroboric acid and silica, filtering off the silica and concentrating the hydroxyfluoroboric acid, adding oleum to the concentrate and then heating to form gaseous BF.sub.3.

Abstract: A process for removing mineral impurities such as metal oxides from coal and shale oil structures is disclosed. The process is carried out by subjecting crushed coal or shale to a hydrocarbon fluoride leaching solution, separating the HF leach liquor from the coal or shale, washing the coal or shale with water, leaching the washed coal or shale with hydrogen chloride solution, separating the HCl leach liquor from the coal or shale, washing the coal or shale with water, and removing residual impurities from the treated coal or shale by heating under a vacuum. The process allows for the recovery of carbons and hydrocarbons of high purity from coal or shale which do not require expensive emission control equipment when combusted.

Abstract: The preparation of carbon fluoride and carbon fluoride chloride from a graphite intercalate is described. Treatment of group V-A pentahalide intercalates of graphite with fluorine or fluorine/chlorine gas mixtures at a temperature of about 300.degree. C. results in the production of highly fluorinated CF.sub.x ; X.gtoreq.1 or (C.sub.y F.sub.x Cl.sub.z).sub.n ;x.gtoreq.1.0, y=1.In the process, carbon fluoride or carbon fluoride chloride can be prepared from a highly ordered graphitic carbon at a temperature substantially lower than that of the decomposition temperature of the product, CF.sub.x or (C.sub.y F.sub.x Cl.sub.z).sub.n. In particular, carbon fluoride or carbon fluoride chloride is prepared from a group V-A pentahalogen intercalate and fluorine gas or fluorine/chlorine gas mixtures at temperatures in the order of 250.degree.-300.degree. C.

Abstract: Voltage suppression is an important problem in the Li/CF.sub.x battery system. The voltage that a Li/CF.sub.x battery will deliver just after the circuit has been closed can be as low as the voltage near the end of battery life. Electronic circuitry powered by Li/CF.sub.x batteries are complicated by the need to design around this problem.The processing of fluorinated carbon (CF.sub.x) to lower the initial voltage suppression is disclosed wherein fluorinated carbon is treated with a Group IA metal-alkyl or -aryl compound. The reaction between these compounds (e.g., n-butyl lithium) and the fluorinated carbon produces a battery grade product which undergoes reduced to almost no suppression of the initial closed circuit voltage.

Abstract: A means to eliminate the suppression of the closed circuit voltage of a Li/CF.sub.x battery during the initial part of its discharge is effected by blending an additive CF.sub.x which does not show significant voltage suppression with the (bulk) CF.sub.x that is normally used in fabricating cathodes for such batteries. Blending is used to get a mixture which has substantially minimized voltage suppression and has good capacity.The closed circuit voltage of a Li/CF.sub.x battery during the initial 10% of discharge is known to be lower than the closed circuit voltage during the later stages. This characteristic adversely impacts applications since the voltage at beginning of life is as low as the voltage indicating end of life, complicating design of circuitry to indicate end of life.In the disclosure, the material with no significant voltage suppression discharges preferentially at the beginning of discharge leading to higher voltage and no suppression.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of silane and a tertiary amine alane, said process comprising reacting:(a) an alkali metal aluminum tetrahydride having the formula MAlH.sub.4, wherein M is an alkali metal selected from the class consisting of lithium, sodium and potassium,(b) silicon tetrachloride, and(c) a complexing tertiary amine, such that the molar proportion of (a) to (b) to (c) is about 4:1:4.In this process, NaAlH.sub.4 and triethylamine are preferred reactants. The amine alane product can be reacted with additional silicon halide to prepare additional silane. This step can be conducted utilizing amine alane in the reaction mixture produced by the process above, and is preferably conducted using SiF.sub.4 as the silicon tetrahalide to produce AlF.sub.3 as a co-product. Both AlF.sub.3 and silane are valuable articles of commerce.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for producing a graphite fluoride for use in an electrochemical cell of the type having as the negative electrode a light metal, such as an alkali metal, an electrolyte in which the negative electrode is not dissolved, and a positive electrode which has, as an active material, a graphite fluoride produced by fluorinating a decomposition residual carbon which has been obtained by decomposing a covalent intercalation compound. The electrochemical cell of the present invention exhibits high discharge potential and low overvoltage, and excellent discharge characteristics with respect to the flatness of discharge voltage, discharge capacity and shelf-life.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for the preparation of ultrapure active metal fluorides of increased purity from their metal oxides by reacting an active metal with a predetermined amount of HF(aq) to form a solid reaction product which is dried under controlled heating to form a hydrated fluoride. This hydrated active metal fluoride is then subjected to reactive atmosphere processing comprising hydrofluoric acid vapor in a CO.sub.2 reactive carrier gas and a selected fluoride compound in the gas phase for a predetermined period of time to further increase anion purity.

Abstract: Process for producing fluorides of Mo, W, Nb, Ta, V, Re, Ti, Zr, Hf, Co, Ni, Cr, Sb, Sn, Zn, Pb, Al and rare earth metals comprising heating fluorine-containing ammonium salts of corresponding metals in a stream of an inert or reducing gas to convert them into fluorides of the metals.

Abstract: Silver halide photographic emulsions are disclosed comprised of radiation sensitive silver halide grains of a cubic crystal lattice structure comprised of icositetrahedral crystal faces.

Abstract: A vapor phase method for making a metal halide material useful for the manufacture of an infrared transmitting optical waveguide fiber or other optical device, and the use of the method for making such a device, wherein a halogenated beta-diketonate of a metal to be incorporated in the device is converted to the corresponding metal halide by controlled decomposition of the halogenated diketonate, are described.

Abstract: A method of separating HF from a mixture including HF and HCl is disclosed wherein the mixture is contacted with silica causing the HF to react with the silica to form SiF.sub.4. The concentration of HCl is increased thereby increasing the relative volatility of SiF.sub.4 /HCl. The SiF.sub.4 is then removed as an aqueous distillate. The concentration of the HCl can be increased by various methods including adding gaseous or concentrated HCl to the mixture or by distilling off a portion of the water to thereby increase the concentration of the HCl. This method provides an efficient method of removing SiF.sub.4 and HF from HCl.

Abstract: A chemical vapor purification process for the preparation of high purity metal fluorides using the thermodynamic separation of cations by formation of a gaseous-metal-containing compound, vapor transport, and fluorination is disclosed.