Abstract: There is described a method for separating iodine in solid form, from an acid mercury salt solution, which comprises subjecting said iodine-containing mercury salt solution at a pH value between 2 and 8, at an electrolysis for separating the mercury, and thereafter precipitating from the resulting, substantially mercury-free solution, the iodine in the form of a salt.

Abstract: A process for separating inorganic substances involving their abstraction from a mixture with near-supercritical inorganic fluids. One or more inorganic substances are abstracted and then separatively recovered by retrograde condensations. The process particularly is applicable with mixtures obtained from the chlorination of metalliferous ores and may be conjoined to many ancillary metal abstraction processes such as volatilizations, distillations or electrolyses.

Abstract: A process is described for reacting chlorinated hydrocarbons other than carbon tetrachloride with metal oxides so as to convert essentially all of the carbon atoms to oxides of carbon. This process provides an efficient and economical means for utilizing chlorinated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a light-sensitive cuprous halide emulsion which comprises reducing cupric ions by an ascorbic acid derivative represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, and n is an integer of 1 to 4, provided that R is a hydroxyl group when n is 1, or its alkali metal salt, in the presence of halogen ions.

Abstract: Copper(II) chloride is prepared from copper(II) oxychloride in a nonpolar solvent, preferably during oxychlorination. As the source of hydrogen chloride, the hydrochlorides of certain tertiary amines having 12-40 carbon atoms in total are utilized. The amine contains at most one N-methyl group and its dissociation constant K.sub.a of the equilibrium reactionNR.sub.3 H.sup..sym. +H.sub.2 O.revreaction.NR.sub.3 +H.sub.3 O.sup..sym.is 10.sup.-3.5 to 10.sup.-8.5. Preferred tertiary amines are a trialkylamine of 15-36 carbon atoms; an N-alkylazacycloalkane of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl of 6-15 carbon atoms, 5.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.8, ALK represents one or more alkyl substituents, and the N-alkylazacycloalkane contains at least 15 carbon atoms; or an N,N-dialkylaniline wherein each alkyl group independently contains 6-12 carbon atoms and the benzene ring is optionally substituted by one or more alkyl groups of 1-3 carbon atoms each.

Abstract: A method is described for the preparation of high surface area metal fluorides and metal oxyfluorides comprising reacting high surface area metal oxides with a fluorocarbon vapor wherein the fluorocarbon is selected from the group consisting of CH.sub.4-Q F.sub.Q wherein Q is 1 to 3 and totally or partially fluorinated C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkanes, alkenes and alkynes and C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 cyclic alkanes, preferably fluoroform (CHF.sub.3) wherein the metal oxides and the fluorocarbon vapors are contacted at a temperature of from about 300.degree. to about 800.degree. C., for a time sufficient to effect the essentially complete conversion of the metal oxides into metal fluorides or the partial conversion of the metal oxides into metal oxyfluorides.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with a process for dissolving oxidic trivalent cobalt compounds in hydrochloric acid while avoiding the generation of chlorine. It includes the following steps (a) slurrying in water the trivalent cobalt compound to be dissolved and (b) treating the resulting slurry with a reduction agent from the group consisting of methanol, formaldehyde and formic acid and with hydrochloric acid. The contact of the hydrochloric acid with the slurry should occur in the presence of the reducing agent. The rate of acid addition should be controlled to maintain the slurry at a pH above 1.

Abstract: A continuous process for obtaining copper from a copper sulfide by:(a) contacting a first batch of the copper sulfide with a first lixiviant containing cupric chloride, and a minimum amount of ferrous chloride to leach copper;(b) separating the leach liquor from (a) from the undissolved solids and dividing the liquor into two portions; one portion of the liquor containing about the same amount of copper as is leached from the copper sulfide in (a) and (f);(c) cementing with iron the copper from the one portion of the liquor from (b);(d) recombining the portions of the liquor from (b);(e) oxidizing with oxygen the recombined portions from (d) to form a second lixiviant; the cuprous chloride therein being oxidized to cupric chloride and the iron therein, from cementing copper, being oxidized and precipitated;(f) contacting the copper sulfide solids from (b) with the second lixiviant from (e) to additionally leach the first batch of the copper sulfide;(g) recycling the leach liquor from (f) to (a) and using it a

Abstract: Purification of cuprous chloride is accomplished by distillation wherein cuprous chloride is recovered as the overhead product, and substantially all of the silver chloride and other impurities present report to the bottoms. Typical impurities in copper ore leach liquors include chlorides of silver, calcium, arsenic, bismuth, iron, nickel, lead, antimony, selenium, tellurium, silicon, mercury, manganese, tin, aluminum, magnesium, chromium, cobalt, cadmium, molybdenum, zinc and titanium, most of which may be excluded in large part by crystallization of cuprous chloride. Measurable amounts of these impurities, however, report to the crystals, and silver tends to co-precipitate with the copper in major amounts. Distillation accomplishes a high degree of copper-silver separation and substantial elimination of other impurities from the copper.

Abstract: In the separation of traces of halogens and sulfur from a halogen- and/or sulfur-containing gas stream wherein the gas stream is contacted with a wash liquid to absorb the halogens and sulfur, the improvement which comprises including in the wash liquid heavy metal ions capable of forming difficultly soluble halides and sulfides. Preferably the heavy metal ions are silver or copper, and the insoluble heavy metal sulfide and/or halide is removed from the wash liquid which is recirculated. Almost quantitative removal is achieved in as little as 1 second of gas-wash liquid contact.

Abstract: The production of ultra-hard particles composed substantially of carbon as the dominant element is taught. The ultra-hard particle comprises a covalently bonded lattice structure produced by reacting a carbide selected from the group consisting of acetylide carbides, interstitial carbides and metal carbides with a polyhalide selected from the group consisting of CH.sub.n X.sub.A Y.sub.(4-n)-A, C.sub.2 H.sub.n' X.sub.A' Y.sub.(6-n')-A', C.sub.2 H.sub.n" X.sub.A" Y.sub.(4-n")-A", BX.sub.3, C.sub.6 X.sub.6, C.sub.5 X.sub.5 N, SX.sub.2 and X.sub.2 wherein X and Y are different halogens selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine, and wherein A is an integer from 0 to 4, A' is an integer from 0 to 6, and A" is an integer from 0 to 4, and wherein n is an integer from 0 to 4, n' is an integer from 0 to 6, and n" is an integer from 0 to 4, wherein A, A', A", n, n' or n" is the same integer in any particular member selected and wherein n+A=4, n'+A'=6 and n"+A"=4.

Abstract: Cuprous chloride is produced from the complex salt, 2KCl.CuCl, obtained as a by-product in the copper industry where chalcopyrite is decomposed in the presence of potassium chloride, by a series of steps involving reaction of an aqueous solution of the complex salt of potassium chloride and cuprous chloride with ammonia, separating the resulting solid potassium chloride from a solution containing cuprous chloride and ammonia, removing the ammonia from the solution to cause precipitation of the cuprous chloride and recovering solid cuprous chloride. Ammonia may then be recycled to the solution from which the cuprous chloride is removed and to which additional complex salt is added to repeat the cycle.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing cuprous chloride from chalcopyrite by means of a cupric chloride leach utilizing particular processing conditions in order to obtain relatively high cuprous chloride concentrations. The processing conditions are maintained so as to conduct the leach in accordance with the general reaction:(3X+12Y)Cu.sup.++ +CuFeS.sub.2 +8YH.sub.2 O.fwdarw.(4X+12Y)Cu.sup.++ +XFe.sup.++ +(2X-2Y)S.degree.+2YSO.sub.4 =+16YH.sup.+ +(1-X)CuFeS.sub.2under reaction conditions such that "X" is maintained from about 0.35 to about 0.9, "Y" is maintained from about 0.075 to about 0.35 and the sum of 3X+12Y is initially greater than 3.

Abstract: A process for reducing environmental pollution resulting from disposal of waste containing halogenated hydrocarbons by simultaneous treatment with used metal and/or metal scrap at elevated temperatures. The halogenated hydrocarbons are pyrolyzed and the resulting hydrogen halide containing gas is brought into contact with the used metal and/or metal scrap at elevated temperatures so as to form metal halogenides that are volatile under the conditions applied. The volatile metal halogenides are largely separated from the gaseous mixture formed, and at least part of the remaining gaseous mixture and/or hydrocarbon residue is used as fuel to maintain the required temperature. The waste feed compositions and process conditions can be chosen to effect separation between various metals by selective halogenation and condensation, and substantially all of the hydrogen halide can be tied up and recovered as metal halogenides.

Abstract: Cuprous (Copper (I)) chloride is an intermediate for the production of copper metal concentrates. A method of purifying copper salts and particularly cuprous chloride is disclosed which involves utilizing the solubility of cuprous chloride and other copper salts in a mixture of water and acetonitrile of 2-hydroxycyanoethane or acrylonitrile and the ability of cuprous chloride to precipitate when the organic component of the mixture is distilled off. The electrolysis of cuprous chloride in water containing at least 10 grams per litre of copper (I), acid and between 5% and 50% by volume of a water soluble organic nitrile such as acetonitrile or 2-hydroxycyanoethane is also disclosed.

Abstract: After dissolving irradiated nuclear fuel in a nitric acid medium, the vapor produced by this dissolution and consisting of water, nitrogen oxides and iodine is passed into a condenser, then into a column for the absorption of the nitrous vapor in which is formed recombined nitric acid containing iodine and nitrous ions, the iodine contained in the recombined acid being then separated-out. The nitrous ions present in the recombined acid have a favorable influence on the important first stage of that separation.

Abstract: A method is described for the preparation of high surface area metal fluorides and metal oxyfluorides comprising reacting high surface area metal oxides with a fluorocarbon vapor wherein the fluorocarbon is selected from the group consisting of CH.sub.4-Q F.sub.Q wherein Q is 1 to 3 and totally or partially fluorinated C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkanes, alkenes and alkynes and C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 cyclic alkanes, preferably fluoroform (CHF.sub.3) wherein the metal oxides and the fluorocarbon vapors are contacted at a temperature of from about 300.degree. to about 800.degree. C., for a time sufficient to effect the essentially complete conversion of the metal oxides into metal fluorides or the partial conversion of the metal oxides into metal oxyfluorides.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of recovering the chlorine values from iron chloride obtained from the chlorination of an aluminous material containing iron oxide, such as bauxite. The method involves partially dechlorinating ferric chloride in the presence of a reducing agent to form products comprising ferrous chloride and a chloride compound derived from the reducing agent and oxidizing ferrous chloride at a temperature of about 300.degree. C. to 1200.degree. C. to form products comprising ferric chloride and ferric oxide. The ferric chloride is recycled and the chlorine values are recovered as the chloride of the reducing agent which is suitable for recycle to the aluminous chlorination stage or has other industrial utility.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the oxidation of ferrous chloride in liquid aqueous solution, such as, waste HCl pickle liquor, to a solution containing ferric chloride, by intimately intermingling said ferrous chloride solution with free oxgyen in the presence of a dissolved promoter cation selected from the class consisting of ammonium, chromium, cobalt, copper, manganese, nickel, zinc and mixtures thereof at an elevated temperature between about 120.degree.-500.degree. F. for a time sufficient to obtain a ferric chloride containing solution.The invention is also directed to producing hydrochloric acid from ferric chloride solution in water by heating the liquid solution at a temperature of about 250.degree. -400.degree. F. at subatmospheric pressure, preferably, by means of hot submerged combustion gases, to obtain a hydrogen chloride gas-water vapor mixture and a bottoms aqueous slurry of iron oxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to the recovery of chlorine values as ferric chloride from iron chloride dust which is obtained as a by-product from the chlorination of a titaniferous material containing more than 5% by weight iron oxide, such as ilmenite. The method comprises heating the iron chloride dust to a temperature above 275.degree. C. in the presence of chlorine and iron oxide and recovering the ferric chloride volatilized from the iron chloride dust together with the ferric chloride obtained from ferrous chloride present in the iron chloride dust by reaction with the chlorine and ferric chloride obtained from other metal chloride contaminants by reaction with the iron oxide.

Abstract: A method of forming the chloride of a metal-oxygen-containing substance, including the steps of coating particles of such substance with green carbon, i.e. carbon which contains substances more volatile than carbon, heating the coated particles to drive off the volatile matter and produce openings such as pores and fissures, and then reacting the particles from the step of heating with a source of chlorine.

Abstract: A reaction effluent containing vaporized salt withdrawn from a reaction zone, such as a molten salt reaction zone, is contacted with solid particles to cool the gas and condense vaporized salt onto the particles. Such contacting may be effected in either a fluidized bed of solids or in a dilute phase transport contact zone. Heat is recovered either by indirect heat transfer in the fluidized bed or by separating the solid particles and introduction thereof into a fluidized bed cooled by indirect heat transfer. Solid salt is attrited from the particles during contacting with the reaction gas and fluidizing gas, with such solid salts being returned to the reaction zone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the reduction of ferric chloride to produce ferrous chloride. The method comprises using gaseous sulphur or a gaseous sulphur chloride in which the atomic ratio of sulphur to chlorine is more than 1:1 as the reducing agent. The reaction is conveniently performed in a fluidised bed. According to a particular aspect, the ferric chloride reduction forms part of a process for the recovery of chlorine values from iron chloride by-produced by industrial processes such as the chlorination of a titaniferrous or aluminous material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the reduction of ferric chloride to produce ferrous chloride. The method involves using as the reducing agent sulphur monochloride optionally in combination with sulphur or sulphur dichloride to produce ferrous chloride and sulphur dichloride. The sulphur monochloride may be introduced as a gas or as a liquid and the reaction is conveniently performed in a fluidized bed. According to a particular aspect, the ferric chloride reduction forms part of a process for the recovery of chlorine values from iron chloride by-produced by industrial processes such as the chlorination of a titaniferous or aluminous material.

Abstract: A process for forming a metal chloride of a metal or its compound comprising forming a liquid fused salt bath mixture of at least two metal chlorides with one of the chlorides being selected from the group consisting of ferric chloride, ferrous chloride, cupric chloride and cuprous chloride, and introducing the metal or compound into the liquid fused salt bath in the presence of a chlorine source to form the metal chloride and elemental sulfur, and recovering the formed chloride from the liquid fused salt bath mixture. Chlorine gas or sulfur chloride may be introduced into the bath as an additional source of chlorine for reaction with the metal and for the generation of a portion of the ferrous chloride or cuprous chloride into ferric chloride or cupric chloride.

Abstract: Ferruginous titaniferous material is chlorinated with chlorine for producing a product stream of titanium chlorides and by-product metallic iron in a laminar flow process.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovering metallic constituents of spent or waste catalysts containing metallic compounds fixed on an aluminous support. The process is particularly applicable for the recovery of metals such as Al, Mo, V, Ni and Co, contained in spent catalyst. The process comprises transforming the metals to be recovered into volatile chlorides by carbochlorination and then separating the chlorides obtained by dry means and fixing them successively in a selective manner. The separation of AlCl.sub.3 is accomplished by passage through granules of anhydrous NaCl, and the separation of MoCl.sub.5 by passage through granules of crystallized KCl. The process is particularly suitable for the treatment of waste catalyst from the catalytic hydrocracking or hydrodesulfurization of oils.

Abstract: A process for forming a metal chloride of a metal or its compound comprising forming a liquid fused salt bath mixture of at least two metal chlorides, the bath having the property of dissolving the formed metal chloride, and introducing the metal or compound into the liquid fused salt bath in the presence of chlorine to form the metal chloride and recovering the formed chloride from the liquid fused salt bath mixture. The metals which may be chlorinated are those from groups 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 5a and 8 of the periodic table and the rare earth metals. Compounds from which the metals may be chlorinated are the sulfides, oxides, carbonates and sulfates. Chlorine may be introduced as such or its source may be a chlorine donor such as ferric chloride or sulfur chloride. The chlorides for the liquid fused salt bath are those of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, ammonia, zinc, and ferric iron. The chlorination can be performed within a temperature range of 150.degree. C.-1000.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to the recovery of chlorine values from iron chloride by-produced from the chlorination of a titaniferous material containing more than 5% by weight iron oxide, and particularly from the carbo-chlorination of ilmenite, which, for example, can be the first stage in the so-called chloride route to form titanium dioxide pigment.The iron chloride which may be ferric chloride or ferrous chloride is subjected to a combination of reduction and oxidation reactions. In the reduction reaction, ferric chloride is dechlorinated to ferrous chloride by a reducing agent suitable for producing a chloride compound for recycle to the chlorination process or for sale and in the oxidation reaction ferrous chloride is oxidized to ferric oxide and ferric chloride, the ferric chloride being recycled to the reduction reaction.

Abstract: An electrosensitive recording sheet consists of an electroconductive material of cuprous iodide, an electrosensitive color forming material, a binder and a support. A color forms in the recording sheet in response to an electric signal when an electric current flows therein. The cuprous iodide is whitened by adding an alkaline substance thereto, so as to only slightly increase the resistance of the cuprous iodide and to increase the contrast of recorded mark and the ordinary appearance of the recording sheet.

Abstract: Trichlorosilane or silicon tetrachloride is prepared by reacting metallic uminum-containing silicon in a reaction zone with hydrogen chloride or chlorine at a temperature between about 260.degree. and about 1200.degree. C, the reaction gas is then cooled to 40.degree. to 130.degree. in a cooling zone through which the velocity of flow is maintained at between 3 and 30 meters per second, and finally filtered.

Abstract: A process for regenerating waste acid, such as waste hydrochloric acid pickling liquor by producing aqueous hydrochloric acid of pickling concentration and generating iron oxide including that of pigment grade, comprises the steps of (1) concentrating the waste liquor, (2) reacting the concentrated liquor at a temperature below 1000.degree. F.

Abstract: A hydrated metal salt is dehydrated to its anhydrous form by dissolving the metal salt hydrate in an organic solvent; and contacting the solvent solution of metal salt hydrate with a molecular sieve of a pore size sufficient to permit the absorption of water molecules but of a size too small to absorb solvent molecules.

Abstract: A process for recovering silver present in cuprous chloride solutions as a soluble silver chloride which comprises saturating the cuprous chloride solution with sodium chloride, subjecting the saturated solution to evaporation to co-crystallize the sodium chloride and silver chloride, separating the solid chlorides from the liquid, recovering silver from the sodium chloride-silver chloride crystals and reclaiming the sodium chloride, adding water to the liquid and cooling it to crystallize cuprous chloride. The procedure is adaptable to processes for recovering copper from its ores in which copper is reduced to cuprous chloride in a leach slurry followed by cooling the leach slurry to crystallize out the cuprous chloride from which copper is recovered by conventional techniques.

Abstract: A process for the selective extraction of copper chlorides from aqueous solutions by forming a solid addition compound of cuprous chloride with an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, separating and decomposing the addition compound and recovering solid cuprous chloride. The process can also be used for the separation of copper chlorides from silver-chloride. The process may be applied to the recovery of copper from hydrometallurgical process solutions.

Abstract: Cuprous aluminum tetrahalide complexing agents are prepared from cuprous halide such as cuprous chloride contaminated with cupric halide by a method which reduces the cupric ion to the cuprous ion by treating the contaminated cuprous halide with an organo metal compound, such as metal alkyls, metal alkyl halide or metal alkoxides such as diethyl aluminum chloride prior to preparation of the complexing agent by reacting the cuprous halide with an aluminum trihalide such as aluminum trichloride. The pretreatment to remove the cupric ions reduces the amount of aromatic tars formed in processes employing the complexing agents.

Abstract: A method for efficient production of hydrogen by thermochemical decomposition of water by use of tri-iron tetraoxide and hydrogen bromide as main cyclic reaction media.

Abstract: This invention relates to refining platinum group metal concentrates and the separation therefrom of silver and of the majority of base metals with which they naturally occur. In more detail the process comprises the steps of:(a) contacting a solid particulate mixture of base, silver and precious metal components, any of which components may be in metallic or chemically combined form, with a halogen-containing gas at a temperature which is sufficiently high for the base metal and silver components to form their halides and for the said halides substantially to volatilize from the said solid mixture, and(b) removing the said volatilized halides from the solid precious metal-containing component which remains.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the production of aluminum chloride and alumina of metallurgical grade purity, and valuable by-products from aluminous ores like clay, bauxites and laterites. The process comprises carbo-chlorination of the ore to produce aluminum chloride and other metal chlorides. The aluminum chloride is separated, purified and utilized as such or oxidized to make alumina while the other metal chlorides are processed to recover maximum values.

Abstract: 9-Borabicyclo (3.3.1) noname (9-BBN), a relatively stable solid dialkylborane, can be used to reduce a wide variety of reducible chemical compounds, including both organic and inorganic compounds. The stability of the reagent greatly reduces the operating difficulties encountered with other dialkylboranes having similar reduction properties, which are thermally and hydrolytically unstable.

Abstract: A process for the production of hydrogen and oxygen from water comprising the steps of forming ferric chloride from ferriferrous oxide by reaction with a chloride ion yielding substance, thermally reducing the ferric chloride to produce ferrous chloride, reducing the ferrous chloride to metallic iron, then oxidizing the metallic iron with water so as to produce hydrogen. The metallic iron may be formed by reducing the ferrous compound with hydrogen. Two specific reactant regenerative closed cycle systems are disclosed utilizing the process of this invention for the production of hydrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: In a process for the recovery of metal chlorides from jarosite in sludges which result from the sulphuric acid processing of ores, the sludge is treated with an aqueous solution of an alkaline earth metal chloride. This solution contains free hydrochloric acid and is in excess stoichiometric ratio to the sulphate content of the sludge. The insoluble materials are separated from the metallic chloride solution by filtering, and are stripped of metallic chlorides by washing and further filtering. The metallic chloride solutions are then collected. The alkaline earth chloride is preferably calcium chloride. The process is particularly, but not exclusively, applicable to recovering metals from jarosite-type sludge resulting from the processing of zinc ore.

Abstract: Process for selectively recovering metal chlorides from a gaseous mixture of metal chlorides by contacting the gaseous mixture at a temperature above the condensation point of the mixture with at least one stream of liquid to cool all the mixture to below the freezing point of at least one metal chloride in the mixture, the average velocity of the mixture being at least the pneumatic conveyance velocity at the point of contact. This process provides for recovery of metal chlorides without plugging the apparatus.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of ferric chloride directly usable for purifying water is produced from a pickling liquor containing ferrous chloride by a process comprising the steps of1. continuously concentrating the pickling liquor by evaporation to at least about 34.25% by weight ferrous chloride concentration;2. continuously neutralizing the resulting concentrated liquor, which still contains free hydrochloric acid, by means of a fluidized bed of iron oxide particles (e.g. mill scales); and3. continuously countercurrently chlorinating the resulting neutralized concentrated liquor in two successive reaction zones, to the extent of from 73 to 86% at a temperature of from 35.degree. to 75.degree. C in the first reaction zone and the balance at a temperature of from 40.degree. to 100.degree. C in the second reaction zone.The product of said process is an aqueous solution containing per liter at least 40% by weight of ferric chloride, less than 0.1% by weight of ferrous chloride and less than 0.

Abstract: Hydrogen is produced by the thermal decomposition of water at temperatures of 1000.degree. C or below by making use of iron salts and carbon dioxide, which are circulated in closed circuits in the reaction system. The only raw material to be supplied from an external source is water; all intermediates are circulated in the reaction system. A nuclear reactor may be used as a heat source for the reaction.

Abstract: A process is provided for extracting iron values as soluble ferrous salts from a limonitic ore which comprises leaching the ore in an acidic medium in the presence of a reducing agent, the reducing agent being a sulfide. Non-ferrous metal values are also extracted from the ore and they may be selectively separated from the solubilized iron salts.

Abstract: Process and installation for the preparation of hydrogen from water by an endothermic cycle of several successive chemical steps occurring at different temperatures with substantially total recycling of intermediates; the improvement involves in carrying out electrochemically only part of said reactions, including at least that of said reactions which occurs at the highest temperature when carried out chemically.

Abstract: A molten mixture containing the higher and lower valent forms of a multivalent metal chloride; in particular, cuprous and cupric chloride, is contacted with oxygen, and aqueous hydrogen chloride recycle, to recover the chlorine values by generation of the higher valent metal chloride and also effect oxidation of the melt by production of the oxychloride. The gas withdrawn from the oxidation contains hydrogen chloride, chlorine and water vapor, with the hydrogen chloride being separate from the gas as aqueous hydrogen chloride and recycle to the oxidation. The chlorine and water vapor in the gas are contacted with activated carbon to produce hydrogen chloride, which is separated as aqueous hydrogen chloride and recycled to the oxidation.

Abstract: A process is provided for manufacturing iron(II)chloride from iron(III)chloride. Iron(III)chloride is introduced in dimeric form into a reactor or it is vaporized into the dimeric form in the reactor. The dimeric iron(III)chloride vapor rises into the upper part of the reactor where it is completely condensed to the monomeric form. The condensed monomeric iron(III)chloride falls within the reactor to the lower part of the reactor where it is again vaporized. From this reacting circulating system of iron(III)chloride, solid iron(II)chloride is left in the lower part of the reactor. The solid iron(II)chloride is then removed from the reactor.

Abstract: Decomposition of water to hydrogen and oxygen with the aid of a thermochemical cyclic process based upon the iron/chlorine system by reduction of FeCl.sub.2 in the presence of H.sub.2 to Fe, oxidation of the Fe with steam to Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4, treatment of the hot Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4 with steam and chlorine to obtain oxygen, conversion of themixture of iron oxides so obtained with hydrogen chloride to FeCl.sub.2 and recycling of the FeCl.sub.2 to the reduction stage, wherein a part of the heat required for the process is supplied by heating the hydrogen and steam in indirect heat exchange with a hot coolant from a high temperature nuclear reactor. The conversion of the iron oxides to FeCl.sub.2 is carried out via the intermediate stage of dimeric FeCl.sub.3 and it is thus possible to convey the solid reaction products by free fall through the reaction zones.