Abstract: The purpose of the process is to remove and to recover metals from their aqueous solution by the extraction process. As extractant is used monoesters of phosponic acid wherein the alkyl group is a phenyl-vinyl group or straight-chained and the ester group is straight-chained. The particular advantage of the process is that the metals can be removed from aqueous solutions to be treated without neutralization of the acid quantity produced during extraction, and this acid solution produced can be circulated e.g. to the stage before the extraction. The process can be used to the removing of metals from the industrial waste waters.

Abstract: Manganese bromide solution for use in the formation of organomanganese compounds, applicable to the synthesis of organic products, particularly ketones.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for extracting strontium and technetium values from biological, industrial and environmental sample solutions using a chromatographic column is described. An extractant medium for the column is prepared by generating a solution of a diluent containing a Crown ether and dispersing the solution on a resin substrate material. The sample solution is highly acidic and is introduced directed to the chromatographic column and strontium or technetium is eluted using deionized water.

Abstract: Metals selected from the group consisting of zinc (II), cadmium (II), nickel (II), cobalt (II), manganese (II), iron (III) and copper (II) from aqueous solutions containing the same are extracted therefrom by contacting said solution with an extractant having the formula ##STR1## wherein R and R.sup.1 are, individually, selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cyloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl and cycloalkylaryl radicals having 2-24 carbon atoms and X is hydrogen, ammonium or an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt-forming radical.

Abstract: Process for purifying TiO.sub.2 ore consisting essentially of subjecting the ore to two or more leaching treatments, said leaching treatments alternating between use of an aqueous solution of a mineral acid and an aqueous solution of an alkali metal compound selected from the group consisting essentially of alkali metal carbonates, hydroxides or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Potassium manganate is produced by mixing finely ground manganese ore with a solution of potassium hydroxide (having a concentration of about 50% W/V) in a mole ratio KOH/MnO.sub.2 between 2 and 3. The resulting suspension is fed continuously to an atomization dryer and then to a plate dryer.

Abstract: A process is provided for the reduction roasting of ores using a C.sub.2 to C.sub.8 hydrocarbon. The process is particularly applicable to manganese dioxide containing ores and provides enhanced reduction of the manganese to lower oxidation states at low operating temperatures for manganese dioxide ores and provides increased silver recoveries from refractory manganese-silver ores.

Abstract: Metal halides are ultrapurified by selective complexation with a complexing gent to form a charged first complex. A ligand forms an oppositely charged second complex with metallic impurities in the metal halide to be purified. A solution containing these complexes is then passed through an ion exchange column and the desired purified metal halide collected. The present method is particularly useful in the production of ultrapure metal halides, such as zirconium fluorinate, for metallic glasses.

Abstract: Cathode-active material for electrochemial cells is prepared by reacting gamma phase MnO.sub.2 with Li. The molar ratio of Li to MnO.sub.2 is about 0.33 to about 0.43.

Abstract: In a method of preparing high-purity manganese compounds, wherein the method comprises adding a member selected from ferromanganese and metallic manganeses to an aqueous electrolyte-containing solution, dissolving said member while stirring and maintaining a pH of 2 to 9, and then removing insolubles by filtration and recovering solubles by precipitation, heavy metal elements as well as non-metllic elements, such as P, Si, etc. can be removed efficiently, and high-purity manganese compounds of stable quality can be prepared.

Abstract: An improved hydrometallurgical process for extracting metals from ocean-mined ferromanganese nodules. The process includes the steps of contacting the ferromanganese nodules in an extraction zone with an aqueous solution containing effective amounts of chloride ions and nitrate ions necessary to displace metal values in the ore at an elevated temperature and continuing the contact to form an extraction mixture slurry including a liquid component comprising an aqueous solution containing extracted metal values from the ferromanganese nodules dissolved therein and a solid tailing component; and, separating the liquid and solid components of the extraction mixture slurry.

Abstract: A process for preparing a tungsten-188/rhenium-188 generator having a tungstate matrix containing W-188 produced by irradiating tungsten-186 in the tungstate compound. High activity, carrier-free rhenium-188 may be obtained by elution. Substrates for further purifying the rhenium-188 eluate are also described.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I:R+[.sup.99m TcNX.sub.4 ]- Iwherein R+ represents a cation and X represents a halo group, are prepared by reaction with an azide compound in the presence of a hydrohalic acid. The compounds are useful in production of .sup.99m Tc-labelled radio- pharmaceuticals by reaction with ligands and monoclonal antibodies or antibody fractions.

Abstract: Ultra-fine spherical particles of a metal oxide having an average particle diameter of 40 nm or smaller can be prepared by a method in which a vaporizable metal compound is vaporized and decomposed under heating to give ultra-fine particles of a metal oxide followed by immediate cooling down to a temperature at which coalescence of the fine particles are prevented from coalescence. The fine particles have characteristics such as an excellent power of ultraviolet scattering.

Abstract: The purpose of the process is to remove and to recover metals from their aqueous solution by the extraction process. As extractant is used monoesters of phosphonic acid wherein the alkyl group is a phenyl-vinyl group or straight-chained and the ester group is straight-chained. The particular advantage of the process is that the metals can be removed from aqueous solutions to be treated without neutralization of the acid quantity produced during extraction, and this acid solution produced can be circulated e.g. to the stage before the extraction. The process can be used to the removing of metals from the industrial waste waters.

Abstract: A method for obtaining silver and manganese metal from a silver-manganese ore includes the step of leaching the ore with acidified thiourea. More specifically, the method includes the step of leaching the ore with an acidic thiourea solution to form a leach liquor containing compounds of silver and manganese and an insoluble ore residue. The leach liquor is contacted with a quantity of activated carbon to adsorb the silver thiourea complexes on the carbon and to form an extract solution containing the manganese compounds. Next, the carbon which contains adsorbed silver thiourea complexes is contacted with an eluant to desorb the silver complexes from the carbon. The silver metal is recovered from the silver complexes obtained from desorbing the carbon. The manganese metal is recovered from the extract solution. The ore subjected to acidic thiourea leaching is selected from the group consisting of in situ ore, mined ore, comminuted ore, and ore concentrate.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovering tungsten, iron, and manganese from tungsten bearing material. The process involves digesting the material in a sufficient amount of sulfuric acid at a temperature of at least about 80.degree. C. for a sufficient time in the presence of coal as a reducing agent to form a digestion solution containing the major portion of the scandium, iron, and manganese and a digestion residue containing the major portion of the tungsten, followed by separating the solution from the residue. The major portion of the scandium can be extracted from the digestion solution with an organic solution consisting essentially of a mixture of tertiary alkyl primary amines which are present in an amount sufficient to extract the major portion of the scandium, and the balance an essentially aromatic solvent. The scandium is stripped from the organic with hydrochloric acid which is then separated from the stripped organic.

Abstract: Chelating agents on which metals such as uranium have been adsorbed are brought into contact with an eluent of aqueous solution containing reducing agents and basic compounds, until the metals are eluted. The elution is effected with large speed without degradation of the chelating agents. Preferred chelating agents are rather stable under basic conditions but not under acidic conditions, for example, those having .dbd.NOH group in their molecules. The reducing agents and basic compounds in the eluent are, for example, sulfurous acid or salts thereof and sodium hydroxide, respectively.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process to effect a reduction to a desired, constant degree as exactly as possible and to achieve a low surplus of carbon. The reduction by treatment with carbonaceous reducing agents is effected in such a manner that fine-grained solids, which contain higher metal oxides, are calcined at 800.degree. to 1100.degree. C. with hot gases in which the solids are suspended. The calcined solids are reduced at a temperature in the range of from 800.degree. to 1100.degree. C. to form low metal oxides in a stationary fluidized bed, which is supplied with carbonaceous reducing agents and oxygen-containing gases. The carbonaceous reducing agents are supplied to the stationary fluidized bed at such a rate so as to reduce the higher metal oxides to low metal oxides, while maintaining the reduction temperature in the stationary fluidized bed and insuring that the discharged matter has the desired carbon content.

Abstract: Pure perihenate is isolated from a aqueous crude solution of perrhenate by first associating the perrherate with a lipophilic counter ion such as tetrabutyl ammonium. This is added to the solution in a form such as tetrabutyl ammonium bromide. Tetrabutyl ammonium perrhenate is formed. The aqueous mixture is then added to a reverse phase separation column such as a C.sub.18 Sep Pak filter which has been previously loaded with the lipophilic counter ion. The aqueous portion of the crude mixture is eluted from the column with water. Subsequently the purified perrhenate associated with the lipophilic counter ion is removed with a less polar solvent such as ethanol. Pertechnetate can also be separated from an aqueous mixture in the same manner. These procedures are particularly suited for isolating relatively pure radioactive forms of perrhenate and pertechnetate such as Re.sup.186 O.sub.4.sup.-, Re.sup.188 O.sub.4.sup.-, and .sup.99m TcO.sub.4.sup.-.

Abstract: Amine extractants useful in extracting metallic anions are modified with Lewis bases, having substantial organic solubility, such as tributyl phosphate, to improve the extraction capability of such amines. Generally, addition of Lewis bases to weakly basic amines increases the basicity of such amines.

Abstract: A process for at least one of (1) recovering at least one first metal other than manganese from a first ore containing reducible manganese, and (2) recovering at least one second metal from a second ore containing the second metal and at least one metal sulfide of a metal other than the second metal and manganese; the process comprising at least one of: (A) contacting the first ore with an aqueous composition and a material containing at least one metal sulfide in the presence of a metal redox couple more positive than about +0.1 versus the standard hydrogen electrode, W. M.

Abstract: Process for preventing the extraction of technetium and/or rhenium, particularly during the extraction of uranium and/or plutonium by an organic solvent.This process permitting the extraction of a chemical element, such as uranium or plutonium present in an aqueous solution containing both said element, technetium and/or rhenium and zirconium and/or hafnium consists of contacting the aqueous solution with an organic solvent able to extract said element, wherein for preventing the extraction of the technetium and/or rhenium with said element, to the aqueous solution is added a zirconium and/or hafnium complexing agent in a quantity adequate for complexing all the zirconium and/or hafnium, said agent being soluble in the aqueous solution.

Abstract: Process for producing fluorides of Mo, W, Nb, Ta, V, Re, Ti, Zr, Hf, Co, Ni, Cr, Sb, Sn, Zn, Pb, Al and rare earth metals comprising heating fluorine-containing ammonium salts of corresponding metals in a stream of an inert or reducing gas to convert them into fluorides of the metals.

Abstract: A material is, herein disclosed for collecting radionuclides and heavy metals that comprises an acrylic fiber element having MnO.sub.2 and/or ferrocyanide compound of the formula K.sub.2 M.sup.II [Fe(CN).sub.6 ] (wherein M.sup.II is a divalent metal such as cobalt, zirconium, zinc or nickel) supported thereon. The material of the present invention is used in collecting and concentrating radionuclides present in liquid radioactive wastes discharged from nuclear power plants and other facilities using radioisotopes such as hospitals and non-destructive testing laboratories. The material is also used in collecting and concentrating radionuclides and heavy metals present in the seawater, rivers and industrial waste-water.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovering tungsten, scandium, iron, and manganese from tungsten bearing material. The process involves digesting the material in sufficient sulfuric acid at a sufficient temperature for a sufficient time in the presence of a reducing agent to form a digestion solution containing the major portion of the scandium, iron, and manganese, and a digestion residue containing the major portion of the tungsten, separating the digestion solution from the digestion residue and extracting essentially all of the scandium from the solution with an organic consisting essentially of an extracting agent which is a dialkyl phosphoric acid which is present in an amount sufficient to extract essentially all of the scandium without extracting appreciable amounts of iron and manganese, and the balance an essentially aromatic solvent.

Abstract: Hazardous waste containing inorganic compounds which contain heavy metals or particular hazardous anionic groups or which are hazardous halides or non-metal oxides or sulfides is contacted with molten aluminum to provide reduction to lower less hazardous oxidation state.

Abstract: Method for the reactive dehydration of manganese dioxide. Dehydration is achieved by contact with a fluid desiccant (dehydrating agent) which reacts with water bound to manganese dioxide. Preferably, a gaseous product or a low boiling point liquid which easily produces vapors is formed. The manganese dioxide is then removed from the fluid desiccant and any adhering dessicant fluid and volatile reaction products are removed from the manganese dioxide under vacuum. Especially preferred for use as the dehydrating agent is thionyl chloride. The present invention is particularly suitable for dehydrating manganese dioxide to be used as electrodes in lithium batteries.

Abstract: In the process for treating irradiated nuclear fuel to effect separation of uranium plutonium other higher actinides, and fission products, in which nitric acid treatment, followed by solvent extraction, then backwashing the reduction of tetra- and hexa-valent plutonium to the tri-valent form, then a second solvent extraction by which the tri-valent plutonium remains in the aqueous phase while uranium goes into the solvent phase, the reduction step is performed by hydrazine with or without tetra-valent uranium nitrate and catalyzed by technetium in the tetra-valent form with or without technetium in one or more higher valency states. The technetium can be present in the system as an irradiation product or be added to the process stream in a combined form.

Abstract: High efficiency removal of technetium values from a nuclear waste stream is achieved by addition to the waste stream of a precipitant contributing tetraphenylphosphonium cation, such that a substantial portion of the technetium values are precipitated as an insoluble pertechnetate salt.

Abstract: This method of obtaining an aqueous solution of metal values from an insoluble metal oxide is possible where the metal has a lower oxidation number in the solution than in the insoluble oxide, for example manganese (+2 and +4 respectively).The oxide, such as MnO.sub.2, is treated with hot mineral acid such as HCl in the presence of coal. After some hours, the liquid comes to contain most of the manganese as dissolved Mn(II) ion.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovering tungsten, iron, and manganese from tungsten bearing material. The process involves digesting the material in a sulfur dioxide solution at a sufficient temperature for a sufficient time to form a digestion solution containing the major portion of the scandium, iron, and manganese, and a digestion solid containing the major portion of the tungsten which is separated from the digestion solution. The major portion of the scandium is extracted from the digestion solution with an organic consisting essentially of an extracting agent which is essentially a mixture of alkyl primary amines which are present in an amount sufficient to extract the major portion of the scandium without extracting appreciable amounts of iron and manganese, and the balance an essentially aromatic solvent. After separation of the scandium containing organic from the raffinate, the organic is stripped of the scandium with hydrochloric acid which is then separated from the stripped organic.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovering tungsten, scandium, iron, and manganese from tungsten bearing material. The process involves digesting the material in sufficient sulfuric acid at a sufficient temperature for a sufficient time in the presence of a reducing agent to form a digestion solution containing the major portion of the scandium, iron, and manganese, and a digestion residue containing the major portion of the tungsten, separating the digestion solution from the digestion residue and extracting essentially all of the scandium from the solution with an organic consisting essentially of an extracting agent which is a dialkyl phosphoric acid which is present in an amount sufficient to extract essentially all of the scandium without extracting appreciable amounts of iron and manganese, and the balance an essentially aromatic solvent.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the hydrometallurgical treatment of finely divided iron-containing steel plant dusts containing zinc, lead and such other metal values as calcium, manganese, silicon, magnesium, aluminum, cadmium, copper, and the like. The process is carried out by forming an aqueous slurry of the flue dust with a mixed lixiviant comprising HCl and H.sub.2 SO.sub.4, the amount of sulfate ion concentration being in excess of the chloride ion concentration and in stoichiometric excess of that required to sulfate substantially all of the lead and calcium present. The amount of chloride ion present as HCl should be sufficient to maintain the pH at about 1 to 4. The leaching is conducted at a temperature ranging from ambient to below the boiling point for a time at least sufficient to effect dissolution of at least zinc and other metal values and form a residue containing iron oxide, calcium sulfate and lead sulfate.

Abstract: A process for cleaning lime having undesirable levels of contaminants, particularly manganese oxide, is disclosed. The process includes leaching the contaminants from the lime with an aqueous means, preferably spent Bayer liquor, to form a slurry containing said impurities and cleaned lime. The cleaned lime is then removed from the slurry containing the contaminants.

Abstract: Disclosed is a highly efficient continuous method for the aqueous extraction of water-soluble oxidation catalyst material from a residue such as that generated in the production of dimethyl terephthalate from p-xylene by the molecular oxygen oxidation and methanol esterification process. In the method the desired end product is an aqueous solution of the catalyst material. The residue to be extracted is established in finely dispersed condition in part of the aqueous solution at a weight ratio of aqueous solution to residue of above about 1:1 and maintained in that condition for a length of time sufficient for maximum transfer of catalyst material from the residue to the aqueous solution to take place. The resulting dispersion then is separated in a phase separation zone into an aqueous phase and an extracted residue phase. The separated aqueous phase is withdrawn from the phase separation zone as the aqueous solution.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovering tungsten and rhenium from a tungsten and rhenium source. The process involves firing the source in an oxidizing atmosphere at a sufficient temperature for a sufficient time to convert the tungsten and rhenium to their respective oxides, to remove a portion of the rhenium as volatilized oxide, and to form a first fired material containing essentially all of the tungsten and the remaining portion of the rhenium, increasing the surface area of the resulting oxidized tungsten, and firing the first fired material in an oxidizing atmosphere at a sufficient temperature for a sufficient time to remove essentially all of the remaining portion of the rhenium as volatilized oxidized rhenium and to form an essentially rhenium-free oxidized tungsten.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of a heavy metal which comprises:bringing a polymer having pendant groups of the formula:--CO--NH--NH--CO--COOMin which M is hydrogen, sodium or potassium, into contact with an aqueous solution containing a heavy metal to have the heavy metal adsorbed by said polymer;andhaving said heavy metal desorbed from the said polymer.

Abstract: Manganese(II)salt solutions containing ammonium salt are made by subjecting a manganese-containing compound to processing treatment with an ammonium salt solution. A boiling temperature of 57.degree.-68.degree. C. is established in the suspension to be subjected to the processing treatment, by application of a vacuum. The ammonium salt solution used contains 0.5-2.5 mol/l diammonium sulfate or 1.0-5.0 mol/l ammonium nitrate.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for separating tungsten from a solution containing tungstate and perrhenate ions. The process involves reacting a sufficient amount of hydrochloric acid with the solution at a sufficient temperature to form a solid containing essentially all of the tungsten and a liquor containing essentially all of the rhenium, and separating the solid from the liquor.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovering tungsten and rhenium from a relatively impure tungsten and rhenium solution. The process involves adjusting the pH of the solution to from about 9.0 to about 10.0 to precipitate impurities, and removing the impurities. The purified solution is adjusted to a pH of from about 0.5 to about 7.0 with a mineral acid. To the purified solution is added a solution containing sufficient hexamine to subsequently form a first hexamine tungsten solid containing the major portion of the tungsten. The hexamine solution is at essentially at the same pH as that of the pH adjusted purified solution. The resulting hexamine-tungsten-rhenium mixture is agitated at a sufficiently low temperature for a sufficient time to form the first solid and a first mother liquor containing the major portion of the rhenium. The first solid is separated from the first mother liquor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the selective extraction of rhenium metal from aqueous sulfuric acid solutions. More particularly, it relates to the selective extraction of rhenium metal from sulfuric acid leach solutions, resulting from the leaching of spent petroleum reforming catalysts, by the use of tertiary phosphine oxide extraction compounds.

Abstract: Crystalline transition metal aluminate compounds are formed by reacting transition metal compounds with crystalline hydrous alumina, such as gibbsite, bayerite, norstrandite, boehmite and the like. The crystalline hydrous alumina may be unsupported by a solid substrate or may be supported on a solid substrate or within the pores of a solid substrate, such as a macroporous resin.

Abstract: Spent catalysts are extracted for removal of catalytic metals from inert supports by oxidizing subvalent metals in a solution of a ligand which forms a soluble stable complex with the oxidized metal. The ligands are salts of 1,1-dithiolate, dithiocarbimate and dithiocarbamate dianions for extraction in water and of dithiocarbamate monoions for extraction in organic solvents.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovering tungsten and rhenium from a tungsten and rhenium bearing solution. The process involves adding sufficient hydrochloric acid to the solution to form a first precipitate containing essentially all of the tungsten and a first mother liquor having an acid concentration of at least about 1.25 normal, and containing the major portion the rhenium, followed by separating the first precipitate from the first mother liquor. A source of sulfide ions is then added to the first mother liquor with agitation for a sufficient time and with the amount of sulfide ions being sufficient to form a second precipitate containing essentially all of the rhenium which was in the first mother liquor, and a second mother liquor, followed by separation of the second precipitate from the second mother liquor.

Abstract: A process for rhenium recovery by the use of an anion exchange resin comprises eluting rhenium from the rhenium-adsorbed anion exchange resin with a hydrochloric acid solution containing a metal chloride. Preferred metal chloride is that of copper, cadmium, or zinc.

Abstract: In a process for recovering rhenium, a starting material containing tungsten and rhenium is reacted with sodium hydroxide and an oxidizing reactant to form a fused solid. The fused solid is dissolved in water to solubilize the tungsten and rhenium values and then pass through an anion exchange resin to remove the rhenium values and form a solution containing the tungsten values. The resin is stripped to obtain the rhenium values from the resin.

Abstract: The selective leaching of metal ions from various iron oxide and manganese oxide containing ores employs intermediary solutions. The leaching processes are based upon a redox acid leach step employing stabilized cuprous ions and, in one instance, a combination thereof with ferrous ions. Leaching is conducted at low temperatures, up to about 90.degree. C. and low pressures, up to about 1.5 MPa and at a pH of about 1.5 to 2.5. Nickel and cobalt recoveries from the ores, employing these processes, will usually equal or exceed 90 percent. The intermediary solutions comprise stabilized acidic cuprous ions Cu.sup.+ L wherein L is a stabilizing ligand selected from the group consisting of CO, XRCN and Cl.sup.-, X being --H or --OH and R being aliphatic having from one to about four carbon atoms. In at least one process, ferrous ions are introduced for a separate leaching step.

Abstract: A method for decontaminating uranium product from the Purex process comprises addition of hydrazine to the product uranyl nitrate stream from the Purex process, which contains hexavalent (UO.sub.2.sup.2+) uranium and heptavalent technetium (TcO.sub.4 -). Technetium in the product stream is reduced and then complexed by the addition of oxalic acid (H.sub.2 C.sub.2 O.sub.4), and the Tc-oxalate complex is readily separated from the uranium by solvent extraction with 30 vol. % tributyl phosphate in n-dodecane.

Abstract: In a process is disclosed for recovering rhenium from tungsten and rhenium bearing material by oxidizing and fusing the starting material, solubilizing the tungsten and rhenium values, passing the resulting solution through a strongly basic anion exchange resin to retain the rhenium, removing the rhenium from the resin with an organic stripping liquid of tributylphosphate and hydrochloric acid, washing the remaining rhenium off the resin with water, combining the water and organic to form a two phase system in which the organic phase contains the major portion of the rhenium, and contacting with aqueous ammonia to strip values.