Abstract: This disclosure relates to carboxylated spherical crystalline chitin nanoparticles (SChNPs) having an average diameter of about 18-20 nm or less; and a process for producing same from the chitinous material, comprising contacting a chitinous material with an Oxone monopersulfate reagent (Formula (II)).

Abstract: A device, comprising a conduit for an aqueous stream, a mixing tube located inside the conduit, having a static mixer inside the mixing tube, an outlet open to the conduit and an inlet, a sulphuric acid supply tube connected to the inlet of the mixing tube and a hydrogen peroxide supply tube, arranged inside the sulphuric acid supply tube and having an outlet for hydrogen peroxide at the inlet of said mixing tube, and a method, where an aqueous stream is passed through the conduit of the device, 85 to 98% by weight sulphuric acid is introduced to the sulphuric acid supply tube of the device and 50 to 80% by weight aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is introduced to the hydrogen peroxide supply tube of the device, provide a dilute aqueous solution of peroxomonosulphuric acid without a risk of exposing operating personnel to concentrated peroxomonosulphuric acid.

Abstract: A device for mixing and cooling two reactive liquids, comprising a bundle type heat exchanger with parallel tubes, a head space open to one end of all tubes, a first inlet to the head space for introducing a first liquid and a second inlet to the head space with a multitude of nozzles for introducing a second liquid, the nozzles being located within the head space and oriented to direct the introduced liquid transverse to the axis of the tubes of the tube bundle, is useful for making peroxomonosulphuric acid from 85 to 98% by weight sulphuric acid introduced into the first inlet of the device and 50 to 80% by weight aqueous hydrogen peroxide introduced into the second inlet of the device.

Abstract: A device, comprising a conduit for an aqueous stream, a mixing tube located inside the conduit, having a static mixer inside the mixing tube, an outlet open to the conduit and an inlet, a sulphuric acid supply tube connected to the inlet of the mixing tube and a hydrogen peroxide supply tube, arranged inside the sulphuric acid supply tube and having an outlet for hydrogen peroxide at the inlet of said mixing tube, and a method, where an aqueous stream is passed through the conduit of the device, 85 to 98% by weight sulphuric acid is introduced to the sulphuric acid supply tube of the device and 50 to 80% by weight aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is introduced to the hydrogen peroxide supply tube of the device, provide a dilute aqueous solution of peroxomonosulphuric acid without a risk of exposing operating personnel to concentrated peroxomonosulphuric acid.

Abstract: A device for mixing and cooling two reactive liquids, comprising a bundle type heat exchanger with parallel tubes, a head space open to one end of all tubes, a first inlet to the head space for introducing a first liquid and a second inlet to the head space with a multitude of nozzles for introducing a second liquid, the nozzles being located within the head space and oriented to direct the introduced liquid transverse to the axis of the tubes of the tube bundle, is useful for making peroxomonosulphuric acid from 85 to 98% by weight sulphuric acid introduced into the first inlet of the device and 50 to 80% by weight aqueous hydrogen peroxide introduced into the second inlet of the device.

Abstract: A silica having metal ions absorbed thereon and a fabricating method thereof are provided. The silica having metal ions absorbed thereon is a silica having metal ions absorbed thereon and being modified with persulfate salt. The method includes following steps. A solution is provided, and the solution includes silica and persulfate salt therein. The solution is heated to react the silica with the persulfate salt, so as to obtain silica modified with persulfate salt. Metal ion source is added in the solution, the metal ion source dissociates metal ions, and the silica modified with persulfate salt absorbs the metal ions to obtain the silica having metal ions absorbed thereon.

Abstract: An exhaust gas treating method removes sulfur dioxide from exhaust gas containing at least sulfur dioxide and mercury by bringing the exhaust gas into contact with absorption liquid. Persulfate is added into the absorption liquid or alternatively, iodine gas is added to the exhaust gas before the exhaust gas is brought into contact with the absorption liquid. A high removal rate for both sulfur dioxide and mercury is stably maintained if the load of power generation and the composition of exhaust gas fluctuate.

Abstract: Disclosed are reactive fibers having a polycationic exterior surface to which multivalent peroxy anions are bound. The use of such fibers, mats of such fibers, and filters of such fibers, as well as methods of treating fluid streams, and rejuvenating such fibers, mats and filters are also disclosed.

Abstract: A composition comprising a solution of potassium monopersulfate having an active oxygen content of from about 3.4% to about 6.8% and a process for its preparation including neutralization with an alkaline material is disclosed.

Abstract: A product including potassium monopersulfate and a halogen is presented. The product is useful for treatment of aquatic facilities such as swimming pools. While it was known that using a combination of potassium monopersulfate and halogen is effective for sanitizing water, a product that includes both components could not be made because of the incompatibility between the two components. The product overcomes the incompatibility by use of a barrier film between the two components. The barrier film, which includes one or more of inorganic salt, silicate, borosilicate, and organic polymer, is coated onto one of the components prior to being combined with the second component. The product may be extruded and molded into a desired shape and added to the water to be treated, as needed.

Abstract: A method of preparing a potassium monopersulfate composition is presented, wherein the potassium monopersulfate composition has the formula (KHSO5)x(KHSO4)y(K2SO4)z, where x+y+z=1 and x=0.46–0.64, y=0.15–0.37, and z=0.15–0.37, said potassium monopersulfate composition having an active oxygen content greater than or equal to 4.9 wt. % and K2S2O8 at a concentration of <0.5 wt. % of the potassium monopersulfate composition. The method includes reacting an H2O2 solution containing at least 70 wt. % H2O2 with a H2SO4 solution at a substoichiometric ratio of the H2SO4 to H2O2 to generate a weak Caro's acid solution, then combining the weak Caro's acid solution with oleum to produce a rich Caro's acid solution. The rich Caro's acid solution may be combined with an alkali potassium compound to produce the potassium monopersulfate composition. During the process, the temperature is maintained at below 30 ° C.

Abstract: A solution comprising potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate containing an elevated level of KHSO5 and having a weight ratio of SO5 to SO4 of greater than 1.0:1, and its use in microetching metal substrates is disclosed.

Abstract: A solution comprising potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate containing an elevated level of KHSO5 and having a weight ratio of SO5 to SO4 of greater than 1.0:1, and its use in microetching metal substrates is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of bleaching and/or delignifying cellulose, in which (a) a sodium hydroxide solution and a peroxydisulphate solution are first of all produced by electrolysis of a sulphate, (b) the peroxydisulphate solution is converted by hydrolysis into a Caro's acid/caroate solution, (c) said Caro's acid/caroate solution is left to cool and (d) used immediately as a bleaching solution for bleaching and/or delignifying cellulose, the Caro's acid/caroate solution becoming neutralised upon introduction into the bleaching solution.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing Caro's acid by introducing hydrogen peroxide of at least 50% by weight through a first fed line into a first reactor conduit sulfuric acid having a concentration of at least 85% by weight through a second feed line into a second reactor conduit independently into a baffled, plug flow mixing reactor without substantial premixing of the sulfuric acid and the hydrogen peroxide, and removing a Caro's acid reaction mixture from the exit end of the plug flow mixing reactor.

Abstract: A method of formulating a strong oxidizing solution comprising formulating a strong oxidizing solution having from about 2 to about 5 percent PDSA with concentrated sulfuric acid in the ratio of from about 1:8 to about 1:20 parts by volume and storing the strong oxidizing solution in a container having a space over the solution containing one of a vacuum or a non-oxidizing atmosphere inert to the oxidizing solution. The amount of PDSA is preferably about 4 percent by volume and the ratio is preferably about 1:10 parts by volume. The space over the strong oxidizing solution is preferably a vacuum or substantially all nitrogen.

Abstract: A boron oxide-silicon dioxide mixed oxide which has a BET surface of less than 100 m2g, and optionally containing oxides of aluminium, titanium or zirconium, is prepared pyrogenically by flame hydrolysis. The mixed oxide is used in glass making.

Abstract: A process for treating precious metal tailing slurries with Caro's acid, in which the Caro's acid is accompanied by reduced amounts of Caro's acid mist, is disclosed. The hot Caro's acid-containing mixture, formed by reaction of concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, is quenched with water to reduce or eliminate the Caro's acid mist. The resulting cooled and diluted mixture is introduced into a precious metal tailings slurry to reduce the amount of cyanide values in the slurry.

Abstract: A process for reducing or eliminating Caro's acid mist, created when producing a hot mixture containing Caro's acid by reaction of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, is carried out by quenching the hot Caro's acid mixture with water to both cool and dilute the Caro's acid.

Abstract: Repulping and/or decolorizing formulations and mixtures which include a catalytic amount of a salt of a metal such as copper, iron, silver, or nickel; a persulfate; and from 0-10% saccharide. Formulations containing a carbonate, sesquicarbonate or bicarbonate for adjusting pH are preferred. A method of repulping and/or decolorizing broke, whether containing wet strength resin or not, using the formulations or mixtures of the ingredients in the formulations.

Abstract: Composition and method of making bicaroate and bicaroate/dipersulfate mixtures which are stabilized, in dry form, with a coherent coating of sodium borosilicate. The borosilicate is formed in situ by the reaction of a sodium silicate and a sodium metaborate.

Abstract: A process for preparing the potassium peroxomonosulfate triple salt 2 KHSO.sub.5 .multidot.KHSO.sub.4 .multidot.K.sub.2 SO.sub.4 by partial neutralization of sulfuric acid-Caro's acid fed to a working solution containing KHSO.sub.5, KHSO.sub.4 and K.sub.2 SO.sub.4 with caustic potash solution and evaporation of water. The cold crystallization procedure (15.degree. C. or below) hitherto required is avoided and a high active oxygen yield is produced by using sulfuric acid-Caro's acid with 50 to 70 wt. % of H.sub.2 SO.sub.5 and 15 to 30 wt. % of H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 and a working solution with a concentration of 28 to 38 wt. % of KHSO.sub.5, 18 to 28 wt. % of KHSO.sub.4 and greater than 0 to 3 wt. % of K.sub.2 SO.sub.4 and supplying additional sulfuric acid, wherein the molar ratio of H.sub.2 SO.sub.5 to added H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 to KOH is 3 to 1:3 to 5:8.

Abstract: Previously known peroxymonosulfate solutions exhibit an unsatisfactory storage stability and/or can only be used with technical limitations. According to the invention, storage-stable, aqueous sodium peroxymonosulfate solutions can be prepared with a content of 5% to 50% by weight NaHSO.sub.5 in an economic manner by means of the partial neutralization of a solution containing sulfuric acid and Caro's acid if a such a solution containing H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 and H.sub.2 SO.sub.5 is added which contains less than 3 parts by weight hydrogen peroxide per 100 parts by weight Caro's acid and the partial neutralization is carried out up to an equivalent proportion of total SO.sub.3 to sodium ions in a range of 1 to 1 up to 1 to 1.3 and if the solution is diluted or concentrated as required.

Abstract: A stable, nonhygroscopic potassium monopersulfate composition comprising KHSO.sub.5, KHSO.sub.4 and K.sub.2 SO.sub.4 having a composition represented by a point within the closed curve of FGHIF of FIG. 1.A process for preparing a stable, nonhygroscopic potassium monopersulfate composition having the following formula:(KHSO.sub.5).sub.x.(KHSO.sub.4).sub.y.(K.sub.2 SO.sub.4).sub.zwhere x+y+z=1 and x=0.48-0.64, y=0.15-0.37, and z=0.15-0.37 includes providing Caro's acid having a molar ratio of H.sub.2 SO.sub.5 /H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 of 1.6 or more and a water content of 40 to 65 weight percent, partially neutralizing the Caro's acid with a basic potassium compound to form a reaction mixture having a potassium to sulfur ratio (K/S) of 1.15 to 1.25 and a molar ratio of KHSO.sub.5 /(KHSO.sub.4 +K.sub.2 SO.sub.4) greater than 1.0, adding the reaction mixture to a solution having a molar ratio of KHSO.sub.5 /(KHSO.sub.4 +K.sub.2 SO.sub.4) greater than 2.5 to produce a final mixture having a molar ratio of KHSO.sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for decoloring sulphuric acid produced in accordance with the contact method, comprising one or more absorption circuits. The produced sulphuric acid is decolored by adding hydrogen peroxide to the system. The method is characterized by adding the hydrogen peroxide to the sulphuric acid in the final absorption circuit, and by maintaining the temperature in this circuit above about 70.degree. C.

Abstract: Aqueous mixed permonosulphuric acid/sulphuric acid solutions, such as semiconductor surface photoresist stripping solutions may be stabilised for storage by the addition of one or more of the metals gallium, germanium, indium, tin in the 4-valent form, antimony, thallium, bismuth and lead suitably in the oxide or hydrous oxide form. Mixtures of metals, for example of bismuth, tin in the 4-valent form, gallium and germanium may be particularly effective.

Abstract: A method of producing salts of monoperoxysulfuric acid comprising reacting together, in the presence of a catalyst consisting of cupric ions in a concentration of at least 0.01 part per milion, (a) a solution of aerated water having a pH of from about 8 to about 14, and (b) a sulfur-containing reactant, wherein said reactant comprises sulfur dioxide or a sulfite. If a pulp is added to the reaction mixture and the cupric ion concentration is increased, the monoperoxysulfuric acid salts that are genrated in situ in the reaction mixture will simultaneously bleach the pulp.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the production of the triple salt 2KHSO.sub.5.KHSO.sub.4.K.sub.2 SO.sub.4 from sulphuric acid, hydrogen peroxide and potassium hydroxide, wherein, for continuous production, an aqueous working solution which contains KHSO.sub.5, sulphuric acid and potassium sulphate in a molar ratio of 1.3 to 2.5/1.2 to 2.0/1, is concentrated in an evaporation plant under reduced pressure and at a temperature of maximum 40.degree. C. to a concentration which corresponds to a content of 20 to 30% by weight of KHSO.sub.5, a partial stream is removed from the concentrated solution and from this, by cooling to a temperature below 15.degree. C., the triple salt is precipitated and separated, the mother liquor obtained is combined with the remaining solution, the solution is reconstituted by the addition of 90 to 100% sulphuric acid, 30 to 90% hydrogen peroxide and concentrated aqueous potassium hydroxide solution and recycled to the evaporation plant.

Abstract: The invention provides a method to liquify a heavy brine completion fluid containing chlorides. The combination of a persulfate and hydrogen peroxide was found to be more effective than either compound alone, or than a peroxygen plus an activator.

Abstract: A storage stable salt melting at 80.degree. to 150.degree. C. having the formula (KHSO.sub.5).sub.x (KHSO.sub.4).sub.y (K.sub.2 SO.sub.4).sub.z where x+y+z=1, and x=0.4-0.97, preferably 0.60-0.85; y=0.03-0.60, preferably 0.15-0.40; z=0-0.10, preferably 0-0.3; and y is .gtoreq.z, which is treated with 1.0-9.0% of a basic magnesium compound which is MgCO.sub.3, Mg(OH).sub.2, MgO or mixtures thereof is disclosed. The salt is prepared by neutralizing Caro's acid with a basic potassium compound to form a reaction mixture. Water is evaporated from the reaction mixture at 15.degree. to 35.degree. C. using a vacuum of 2-15 mm Hg absolute pressure to form up to 40 wt. % crystals. The crystals are separated, treated with a basic magnesium compound, dried, and further treated with a basic magnesium compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to the preferential precipitation of cobalt from aqueous acidic sulphate solutions of nickel and cobalt.The separation is carried out by introducing at least a stoichiometric amount of Caro's Acid containing no more than a small amount of hydrogen peroxide into the nickel/cobalt solution progressively over a period of at least an hour, while maintaining the solution of a pH from 3.1 or 3.5 up to 4.7 by addition of an alkali metal hydroxide carbonate or bicarbonate, or at 4.3 to 4.7 with the corresponding ammonium compound, and, thereafter separating the precipitate from the aqueous cobalt depleted solution.

Abstract: A method of producing hydrogen and oxygen or oxides wherein electrolysis of n aqueous system is carried out using, in the cathode compartment of the electrolysis cell, a hydride-forming liquid metal, the resulting hydride being thermally decomposed to produce the hydrogen.

Abstract: In a process according to the present invention uranium is extracted into solution from its ore by leaching with an aqueous solution containing peroxomonosulphuric acid, the peroxoacid oxidizing the uranium through to its hexavalent state. Preferably the leaching is carried out at a temperature in the range of 50.degree. to 100.degree. C. The leach liquor can initially contain additional amounts of sulphuric acid or merely that present by virtue of the method of making the peroxomonosulphuric acid. In a preferred method of operation, the peroxoacid is introduced progressively into the leach liquor during the course of the leaching so as to maintain an electrochemical potential in the range of 450 to 650 mV.By use of the process, uranium is cleanly extracted into solution.

Abstract: A process for improving the storage behavior of alkali persalts in particularly alkali percarbonates, by preparing a granulate composition therefore is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of:(a) granulating an alkali persalt, wherein the alkali cation is an alkali metal cation or ammonium and which is selected from the group consisting of solid addition-products of an alkali salt with hydrogen peroxide and alkali salts of peroxo-acids in the presence of a sodium phosphate which is selected of sodium polyphosphates and sodium phyrophosphate and of water, and(b) drying the resulting granulate.

Abstract: High strength peroxymonosulfate is prepared by adding concentrated sulfuric acid to a solution of a soluble peroxydisulfate whereby the heat of solvation of the sulfuric acid hydrolyzes the peroxydisulfate to the peroxymonosulfate; the temperature is controlled to provide a range of about 140.degree. to 160.degree. F. After about 15 to 45 minutes, the solution is cooled rapidly to about room temperature.

Abstract: A bleaching composition comprising a hydrogen peroxide adduct having the formula:4Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4.sup.. 2H.sub.2 O.sub.2.sup.. NaCland an activating agent.

Abstract: A process for the production of sodium and potassium peroxydisulfates by continuously reacting a 10 to 75 weight percent solution of the corresponding sodium or potassium hydroxide with a 20 to 70 weight percent solution or slurry of ammonium peroxydisulfate, at a temperature between 15.degree. and 45.degree.C and at a pH between 11 and 13. Air or an inert gas is passed through the reaction medium to remove ammonia and the product is recovered by conventional means, preferably by spray drying.